محاضرات عن الجماليات (I)

such as family, fatherland, church, friendship, status, honour, and love. They are children of the one absolute Idea. Illustration of their contention (_β_) They must not act in discord with the main action. The position of evil powers as confronting them, and its treatment by classic and modern poetry (_γ_) Such forces must appear in Art as embodied in particular personalities. Contrast between ancient and modern art in this respect] (_b_) The individuals concerned in the action [(_α_) The relations between gods and men in classical art, and that between the Divine and the human in Christian art [_β_] Pathos considered in its relation to various modes of art] (_c_) Character [(_α_) Viewed as co-extensive or self-coherent individuality, relatively, that is, to the intrinsic wealth it connotes. Illustrations (_β_) Viewed relatively to the particular form under which it is bound to appear (_γ_) Viewed as a concrete unity coalescing wholly with its determinate form and as assured character. Illustrations classified in their stability and lack of such] III. The External Determination of the Ideal. 1. The abstract Externality as such. [(_a_) Spatiality, Uniformity, Figure, Time, and Colour. (_α_) How far such contribute to artistic production (_β_) The necessity of clear articulation of form and tone considered] 2. The Coalescence of the concrete Ideal with its external Reality [(_α_) The bond of unity regarded as no positive reality, but as a mysterious or secret connection. The relation of external Nature to the work of art. The Homeric poems contrasted with the "Niebelungenlied" in this respect (_b_) Where the unity is expressly due to human activity and human adaptation of means to ends [(_α_) The use made by man of ornament or of anything used for mere show, _e.g._, precious metals for statuary (_β_) The question how far objects used for practical purposes are suited for art.…