ليس بولس، بل يسوع
- اللغة:
- الإنجليزية
- الحالة:
- عمل كامل
- التأليف:
- كتبه المؤلف بنفسه
- حالة النص:
- نص سليم
- الحجم:
- ~150,000 كلمة · 697 مقطعًا
استشهد بهذا العمل
- APAجيريمي بنثام. (n.d.). ليس بولس، بل يسوع. SigPhi. https://sigphiai.com/ar/works/jeremy-bentham/not-paul-but-jesus
- MLAجيريمي بنثام. "ليس بولس، بل يسوع." SigPhi, https://sigphiai.com/ar/works/jeremy-bentham/not-paul-but-jesus.
- Chicagoجيريمي بنثام. ليس بولس، بل يسوع. SigPhi. https://sigphiai.com/ar/works/jeremy-bentham/not-paul-but-jesus.
عمّ يتحدث
كتاب سنة 1823 الذي يذهب فيه بنثام إلى أن القدّيس بولس ابتدع دينًا غير دين يسوع وألبسه إياه، وقد نُشر باسمٍ مستعار هو «غماليئيل سميث».
السياق والتاريخ
طبّق بنثام هنا منهجه نفسه في كتاباته القانونية: قراءةُ النصّ عن كثب، ومقابلةُ الأقوال، وتتبّعُ التناقضات. ويرى أن روايات اهتداء بولس الثلاث في «أعمال الرسل» لا تتّفق، وأن بولس لم يعرف يسوع، وأن الأخلاق الزهدية التي أدخلها — لا سيّما في أمر الجنس — لا أساس لها في الأناجيل. ولم يكن الاسم المستعار نزوة: فنشرُ هذا باسمه في إنجلترا سنة 1823 كان مخاطرةً حقيقية، وقد أُهمل الكتاب أو هوجم. وترك قسمًا ثالثًا أشدّ صراحةً لم يُنشر. ويحسن قراءته مع العلم بأنه كرّاسٌ جدَليّ، وبأن الدراسات الكتابية في القرن العشرين أعادت بناء كثيرٍ من هذه المسائل بأدواتٍ أخرى.
سياق تحريري، لا مصدر قابل للاقتباس: بخلاف مقاطع العمل نفسه، لا يمكن التحقق من هذه المعلومات في المدونة.
exhibited a remarkable precocity which greatly stimulated the pride and affection of his father. At five years of age he acquired a knowledge of musical notes and learned to play the violin. At four or earlier, having previously learned to write, he was initiated into Latin grammar, and in his seventh year entered Westminster School. Meanwhile, he was taught French by a private master at home and at seven read Telemaque, a book which strongly impressed him. Learning to dance was a much more serious undertaking, as he was so weak in his legs. Young as he was, he acquired distinction at Westminster as a fabricator of Latin and Greek verses, the great end and aim of the instruction given there. When twelve years old, he was entered as a Commoner at Queen's College, Oxford, where he spent the next three years. Though very uncomfortable at Oxford, he went through the exercises of the College with credit and even with some distinction. Some Latin verses of his, on the accession of George III, attracted a great deal of attention as the production of one so young. Into all of the disputations which formed a part of the College exercises, he entered with zeal and much satisfaction; yet he never felt at home in the University because of its historical monotony, and of all of which he retained the most unfavorable recollections. In 1763, while not yet sixteen, he took the degree of A.B. Shortly after this he began his course of Law in Lincoln's Inn, and journeyed For fear of prosecution for direct heresy or denunciation of the Creed of the Church, he evaded the use of his own name as writer of the Criticism and used the name of Conyers Middleton, a Cambridge Divine, who by his writings had created a great deal of disturbance. He had been convicted twice for heresy. He had been dead fifty years when Bentham introduced him in the first lines in the Introduction to his Criticisms herein published (See Introduction).…