4. But " the light shineth in darkness, and the darkness comprehended it not." Now the " darkness " is the foolish minds of men, made blind by vicious desires.and unbelief. And that the Word, by whom all things were made, might care for these and heal them, "The Word was made flesh, and dwelt among us." For our enlightening is the partaking of the Word, namely, of that life which is the light of men. But for this partaking we were utterly unfit, and fell short of it, on account of the uncleanness of sins. Therefore we were to be cleansed. And further the one cleansing of the unrighteous and of the proud is the blood of the Eighteous One, and the humbling of God Himself;^ that we might be cleansed through Him, made as He was what we are by nature, and what we are not by sin, that we might contemplate God, which by nature we are not. For by nature we are not God: by nature we are men, by sin we are not righteous. Where- fore God, made a righteous man, interceded with God for man the sinner. For the sinner answers not to the righteous, but man answers to man. By joining therefore to us the likeness of His humanity, He took away the unlikeness of our un- righteousness; and by being made partaker of our mortality;^ He made us partakers of His divinity, For the death of the sinner springing from the necessity of condemnation is de- servedly abolished by the death of the Eighteous One springing from the free choice of His compassion, while His single an- swers to our double. For this answerableness, or suitableness, or concord, or consonance, or whatever more appropriate word there may be, whereby one is to two, is of great weight in all compacting, or better, perhaps, co-adaptation, of the creature. For (as it just occurs to me) what I mean is precisely that co- adaptation which the Greeks call apiiovla. However this is not the place to set forth the power of that consonance of single to double which is found especially in us, and which is 112 ON THE TRINITY. ' [bOOK IV.
naturally so implanted in ns (and by whom, except by Him who created its? ), that not even the ignorant can fail to per- ceive it, whether when singing themselves or hearing others. For by this it is that treble and bass voices are in harmony, so that any one who in his note departs from it, offends extremely, not trained skill, of which the most part of men are devoid, but the very sense of hearing. To demonstrate this, needs no doubt a long discourse; but any one who knows it, may make it plain to the very ear in a rightly ordered monochord.
Chap. hi. — The one death and resurrection of the body ofCJirist harmonizes with our double death and resurrection of body and soul, to the effect of salvation. In what way the single death of Christ is bestowed upon our double death.
5. But for our present need we must discuss, so far as God gives us power, in what manner the single of our Lord and Saviour Jesus Christ answers to, and is, so to say, in harmony with our double to the effect of salvation. We certainly, as no Christian doubts, are dead both in soul and body: in soul, because of sin; in body, because of the punishment of sin, and through this also in body because of sin. And to both these parts of ourselves, that is, both to soul and to body, there was need both of a medicine and of resurrection, that what had been changed for the worse might be renewed for the better. Now the death of the soul is ungodliness, and the death of the body is corruptibility, through which comes also a departure of the soul from the body. For as the soul dies when God leaves it, so the body dies when the soul leaves it; whereby the former becomes foolish, the latter lifeless. For the soul is raised up again by repentance, and the renew- ing of life is begun in the body still mortal by faith, by which men believe on Him who justifies the ungodly -^ and it is in- creased and strengthened by good habits from day to day, as the inner man is renewed more and more.^ But the body, being as it were the outward man, the longer this life lasts is so much the more corrupted, either by age or by disease, or by various afflictions, until it come to that last affliction which all call death. And its resurrection is delayed until the end; when also our justification itself shall be perfected unutterably.
CHAP. III.] OF THE DEATH OF THE SOUL AND BODY. 113 For then we shall he like Him, for we shall see Him as He is.^ But now, so long as the corruptible body presseth down the soul/ and human life npon earth is all temptation,^ in His sight shall no man living be justified,* in comparison of the righteousness in which we shall be made equal with the angels, and of the glory which shall be revealed in us. But why mention more proofs respecting the difference between the death of the soul and the death of the body, when the Lord in one sentence of the Gospel has made either death easily distinguishable by any one from the other, where He says, "Let the dead bury their dead"?^ For burial was the fitting disposal of a dead body. But by those who were to bury it He meant those who were dead in soul by the impiety of unbelief, such, namely, as are awakened when it is said, "Awake thou that sleepest, and arise from the dead, and Christ shall give thee light." ^ And there is a death which the apostle denounces, saying of the widow, " But she that liveth in pleasure is dead while she liveth." ' Therefore the soul, which was before ungodly and is now godly, is said to have come alive again from the dead and to live, on account of the righteousness of faith. But the body is not only said to be about to die, on account of that departure of the soul which will be; but on account of the great infirmity of flesh and blood it is even said to be now dead, in a certain place in the Scriptures, namely, where the apostle says, that " the body is dead because of sin, but the spirit is life because of righteousness." ^ Now this life is wrought by faith, " since the just shall live by faith.'' ^ But what follows? " But if the Spirit of Him that raised up Jesus from the dead dwell in you. He that raised lip Christ from the dead shall also quicken your mortal bodies by His Spirit which dwelleth in you."^^ 6. Therefore on this double death of ours our Saviour be- stowed His own single death; and to cause both our resurrec- tions. He appointed beforehand and set forth in mystery and type His own one resurrection. For He was not a sinner or ungodly, that, as though dead in spirit. He should need to be 114 ON THE TIUNITY. [BOOK IV.
renewed in the inner man, and to be recalled as it were to the life of righteousness by repentance; but being clothed in mortal flesh, and in that alone dying, in that alone rising again, in that alone did He answer to both for us; since in it was wrought a mystery as regards the inner man, and a tj^e as regards the outer. For it was in a mystery as regards our inner man, so as to signify the death of our soul, that those words were uttered, not only in the Psalm, but also on the cross: " My God, my God, why hast Thou forsaken me? " ^ To which words the apostle agrees, saying, " Knowing this, that our old man is crucified with Him, that the body of sin might be destroyed, that henceforth we should not serve sin;" since by the crucifixion of the inner man are understood the pains of repentance, and a certain wholesome agony of self- control, by which death the death of ungodliness is destroyed, and in which death God has left us. And so the body of sin is destroyed through such a cross, that now we should not yield our members as instruments of unrighteousness unto sin.^ Because, if even the inner man certainly is renewed day by day,^ yet imdoubtedly it is old before it is renewed. For that is done inwardly of which the same apostle speaks: " Put off the old man, and put on the new;" which he goes on to explain by saying, "Wherefore, putting away lying, speak every man truth." * But where is lying put away, unless in- wardly, that he who speaketh the truth from his heart may inhabit the holy hill of God?^ But the resurrection of the body of the Lord is shown to belong to the mystery of our own inner resurrection, where, after He had risen. He says to the woman, " Touch me not, for I am not yet ascended to my Father;"^ with which mystery the apostle's words agree, where he says, " If ye then be risen with Christ, seek those things which are above, where Christ sitteth on the right hand of God; set your thoughts^ on things above." ^ For not to touch Christ, unless when He had ascended to the Father, means not to have thoughts® of Christ after a fleshly manner. Again, the death of the flesh of our Lord contains a type of the CHAP. III.] HOW OUK lord's ONE DEATH ANSWERS TO OUR TWO. 115 death of our outer man, since it is by such suffering most of all that He exhorts His servants that they should not fear those who kill the body, but are not able to kill the soul.-^ Wherefore the apostle says, " That I may fill up that which is behind of the afflictions of Christ in my flesh." ^ And the resurrection of the body of the Lord is found to contain a type of the resurrection of our outward man, because He says to His disciples, " Handle me, and see; for a spirit hath not flesh and bones, as ye see me have."^ And one of the disciples also, handling His scars, exclaimed, " My Lord and my God!"* And whereas the entire integrity of that flesh was apparent, this was shown in that which He had said when exhorting His disciples: " There shall not a hair of your head perish."^ For how comes it that first is said, " Touch me not, for I am not yet ascended to my Father;"^ and how comes it that before He ascends to the Father, He actually is touched by the disciples; unless because in the former the mystery of the inner man was intimated, in the latter a type was given of the outer man? Or can any one possibly be so without un- derstanding, and so turned away from the truth, as to dare to say that He was touched by men before He ascended, but by women when He had ascended? It was on account of this type, which went before in the Lord, of our future resurrection in the body, that the apostle says, " Christ the first-fruits; afterward they that are Christ's."^ For it was the resurrec- tion of the body to which this place refers, on account of which he also says, " Who has changed our vile body, that it may be fashioned like unto His glorious body/'^ The one death therefore of our Saviour brought salvation to our double death, and His one resurrection wrought for us two resur- rections; since His body in both cases, that is, both in His death and in His resurrection, was ministered to us by a kind of healing suitableness, both as a mystery of the inner man, and as a type of the outer.
* John XX. 28. ^ Luke xxi. 18. ^ John xx. 17.
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Chap. iv. — The ratio of the single to the double comes from the 'perfection of the senary number. The perfection of the senary number is commended in the Scriptures. The year abounds in the senary number.
7. Now this ratio of the single to the double arises, no doubt, from the ternary number, since one added to two makes three; but the whole which these make reaches to the senary, for one and two and three make six. And this number is on that account called perfect, because it is com- pleted in its own parts: for it has these three, sixth, third, and half; nor is there any other part found in it, which we can call an aliquot part. The sixth part of it, then, is one; the third part, two; the half, three. But one and two and three complete the same six. And Holy Scripture commends to us the perfection of this number, especially in this, that God finished His works in six days, and on the sixth day man was made in the image of God.-^ And the Son of God came and was made the Son of man, that He might re-create us after the image of God, in the sixth age of the human race. For that is now the present age, whether a thousand years apiece are assigned to each age, or whether we trace out memorable and remarkable eras or turning-points of time in the divine Scriptures, so that the first age is to be found from Adam until ISToah, and the second thence onwards to Abraham, and then next, after the division of Matthew the evangelist, from Abraham to David, from David to the carrying away to Babylon, and from thence to the travail of the Virgin,^ which three ages joined to those other two make five. Accordingly, the nativity of the Lord began the sixth, which is now going onwards until the hidden end of time. We recognise also in this senary number a kind of figure of time, in that threefold mode of division, by which we compute one portion of time before the Law; a second, under the Law; a third, under grace. In which last time we have received the sacrament of renewal, that we may be renewed also in the end of time, in every part, by the resurrection of the flesh, and so may be made whole from our entire infirmity, not only of soul, but also of body. And thence that woman is understood to be a type of the church, who was made whole and upright by the Lord, CHAP. lY.] THE PERFECTION OF THE SENARY NUMBER. 117 after she had heen bowed by infirmity through the binding of Satan. Tor those words of the Psalm lament such hidden enemies: " They bowed down my soul." ^ And this woman had her infirmity eighteen years, which is thrice six. And the months of eighteen years are found in number to be the cube of six, viz. six times six times six. Nearly, too, in the same place in the Gospel is that fig tree, which was con- victed also by the third year of its miserable barrenness. But intercession was made for it, that it might be let alone that year, that if it bore fruit, well; if otherwise, it should be cut down.^ For both three years belong to the same threefold division, and the months of three years make the square of six, which is six times six.
8. A single year also, if the whole twelve months are taken into account, which are made up of thirty days each (for the month that has been kept from of old is that which the revolution of the moon determines), abounds in the number six. For that which six is, in the first order of numbers, which consists of units up to ten, that sixty is in the second order, which consists of tens up to a hundred. Sixty days, then, are a sixth part of the year. Further, if that which stands as the sixth of the second order is multiplied by the sixth of the first order, then we make six times sixty, i.e. three hundred and sixty days, which are the whole twelve months. But since, as the revolution of the moon determines the month for men, so the year is marked by the revolution of the sun; and five days and a quarter of a day remain, that the sun may fulfil its course and end the year; for four quarters make, one day, which must be intercalated in every fourth year, which they call bissextile, that the order of time may not be dis- turbed: if we consider, also, these five days and a quarter themselves, the number six prevails in them. First, because, as it is usual to compute the whole from a part, we must not call it five days, but rather six, taking the quarter day for one day. Next, because five days themselves are the sixth part of a month; while the quarter of a day contains six hours. For the entire day, i.e. including its night, is twenty-four hours, of which the fourth part, which is a quarter of a day, is 1 Ps. Ivii. 6. 2 Liite xiii. 6-17.
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found to be six hours. So mucli in the course of the year does the sixth number prevail.
Chap. v. — The numher six is also commended in the building up of the body of Christ and of the temple at Jerusalem.
9. And not without reason is the number six understood to be put for a year in the building up of the body of the Lord, as a figure of which He said that He would raise up in three days the temple destroyed by the Jews. For they said, " Forty and six years was this temple in building." ^ And six times forty-six makes two hundred and seventy-six. And this number of days completes nine months and six days, which are reckoned, as it were, ten months for the travail of women; not because all come to the sixth day after the ninth month, but because the perfection itself of the body of the Lord is found to have been brought in so many days to the birth, as the authority of the church maintains upon the tradition of the elders. For He is believed to have been conceived on the 25 th of March, upon which day also He suffered; so the womb of the Virgin, in which He was con- ceived, where no one of mortals was begotten, corresponds to the new grave in which He was buried, wherein was never man laid,^ neither before nor since. But He was born, accord- ing to tradition, upon December the 25 th. If, then, you reckon from that day to this, you find two hundred and seventy-six days, which is forty-six times six. And in this number of years the temple was built, because in that number of sixes the body of the Lord was perfected; which being destroyed by the suffering of death, He raised again on the third day. For " He spake this of the temple of His body," ^ as is declared by the most clear and solid testimony of the Gospel; where He said, " For as Jonas was three days and three nights in the whale's belly, so shall the Son of man be three days and three nights in the heart of the earth." * Chap. vi. — The three days of the resurrection, in lohich also the ratio of single to double is aj^parent.
10. Scripture again witnesses that the space of those three days themselves was not whole and entire, but the first day is counted as a whole from its last part, and the third day is CHAP. VI.] THE TERNARY NUMBER IN CHRIST'S RESURRECTION. 119 itself also counted as a whole from its first part; but the inter- vening day, i.e. the second day, was absolutely a whole with its twenty-four hours, twelve of the day and twelve of the night. For He was crucified first by the voices of the Jews in the third hour, when it was the sixth day of the week. Then He hung on the cross itself at the sixth hour, and yielded up His spirit at the ninth hour.-^ But He was buried, '' now when the even was come," as the words of the evangelist express it; ^ which means, at the end of the day. Wheresoever then you begin, — even if some other explanation can be given, so as not to contradict the Gospel of John,^ but to understand that He was suspended on the cross at the third hour, — still you cannot make the first day an entire day. It wiU be reckoned then an entire day from its last part, as the third from its first part. For the night up to the dawn, when the resurrection of the Lord was made known, belongs to the third day; because God (who commanded the light to shine out of dark- ness,* that through the grace of the ISTew Testament and the partaking of the resurrection of Christ the Avords might be spoken to us, " For ye were sometimes darkness, but now are ye light in the Lord " ^) intimates to us in some way that the day takes its beginning from the night. For as the first days of all were reckoned from light to night, on account of the future fall of man; ^ so these, on account of the restoration of man, are reckoned from darkness to light. From the hour, then, of His death to the dawn of the resurrection are forty hours, counting in also the ninth hour itself And with this number agrees also His life upon earth of forty days after His resurrection. And this number is most frequently used in Scripture to express the mystery of perfection in the fourfold world. For the number ten has a certain perfection, and that multiplied by four makes forty. But from the evening of the burial to the dawn of the resurrection are thirty-six hours, which is six squared. And this is referred to that ratio of the single to the double, wherein there is the greatest con- sonance of co-adaptation. For twelve added to twenty-four suits the ratio of single added to double, and makes thiity- • Matt, xxvii. 23-50. ' Mark xv. 42-46. ^ John xix. 14.
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six: namely, a whole night with a whole day and a whole night, and this not without the mystery which I have noticed above. Tor not unfitly do we liken the spirit to the day, and the body to the night. For the body of the Lord in His death and resurrection was a figure of our spirit and a type of our body. In this way, then, also that ratio of the single to the double is apparent in the thirty-six hours, when twelve are added to twenty-four. As to the reasons, indeed, why these numbers are so put in the Holy Scriptures, other people may trace out other reasons, either such that those which I have given are to be preferred to them, or such as are equally probable with mine, or even more probable than they are; but there is no one surely so foolish or so absurd as to contend that they are so put in the Scriptures for no purpose at all, and that there are no mystical reasons why those numbers are there mentioned. But those reasons which I have here given, I have either gathered from the authority of the church, according to the tradition of our forefathers, or from the testimony of the divine Scriptures, or from the nature itself of numbers and of similitudes, ^o sober person will decide against reason, no Christian against the Scriptures, no peaceable person against the church.
Chap. vii. — In what manner we are gathered from many into one through one Mediator.
11. This mystery, this sacrifice, this priest, this God, before He was sent and came, being made of a woman — of Him, all those things which appeared to our fathers in a sacred and mystical way by angelical miracles, or which were done by the fathers themselves, were similitudes; in order that every creature by its acts might speak in some way of that One who was to be, in whom there was to be salvation in the recovery of all from death. For because by the wickedness of ungod- liness we had recoiled and fallen away in discord from the one true and supreme God, and had in many things become vain, being distracted "through many things and cleaving fast to many things; it was needful, by the decree and command of God in His mercy, that those same many things should join in proclaiming the One that should come, and that One should come so proclaimed by these many things, and that these CHAP. IX.] HOW WE AEE ONE IN CHRIST. 121