^ Maidhyo-m^ungha was the cousin and first disciple of Zara- thujtra; Zarathujtra's father, Pourushaspa, and Arasti were brothers (Bund. XXXII, 3); cf. Yasna LI [L], 19.
* Possibly, ' the holy falcon, praiser of the lord; ' thus the Law was brought to the Var of Yima by the bird Karxipta (Vend. II, 42), who recites the Avesta in the language of birds (Bund. XIX, 16): the Saena-bird (Simurgh) became in later literature a mythical incarnation of Supreme wisdom (see the Mantik uttair and Dabistan I, 55).
^ Who was the first regular teacher, the first aethrapaiti.
204 YA5TS AND siROZAHS.
We worship the Fravashi of the holy Vohu- raoi-ah, the son of Fr^nya; We worship the Fravashi of the holy Asho- rao/^ah, the son of Frdnya; We worship the Fravashi of the holy Varesmo- rao/^-ah, the son of Franya.
98. We worship the Fravashi of the holy Isa/- vastra, the son of Zarathu^tra; We worship the Fravashi of the holy Urvata/- nara, the son of Zarathiutra; We worship the Fravashi of the holy //z^are- iithra, the son of Zarathu^tra ^ We worship the Fravashi of the holy Daevo- Ih'is, the son of Takhma.
We worship the Fravashi of the holy Thrimith- wa;2/, the son of Spitama I We worship the Fravashi of the holy D(2ungha, the son of Zairita.
99. We worship the Fravashi of the holy king Vktaspa^; the gallant one, who was the incarnate ^ ' By Zaratiut were begotten three sons and three daughters; one son was Isa</vastar, one Aurvata^-nar, and one Khurshet/- -^ihar; as Isaa'vastar was chief of the priests he became the Mobad of Mobads, and passed away in the hundredth year of the religion; Aurvatac^-nar was an agriculturist, and the chief of the enclosure formed by Yim, which is below the earth (see Vend. II, 43 [141]); Khurshe^-y^ihar was a warrior, commander of the army of Peshyotanu, son of Vijtasp (see Yt. XXIV, 4), and dwells in Kangdes; and of the three daughters the name of one was Fren, of one Srit, and of one P6ru/{'ist (see Yt. XIII, 139). A6rvata^-nar and Khurshea'-y^ihar were from a serving (/takar) wife, the rest were from a privileged (pa^akhshah) wife ' (Bund. XXXII, 5-6; tr. West).
^ According to Anquetil, ' the threefold seed of Spitama Zara- thuj-tra;' cf. above, § 62.
* The king of Bactra, the champion of Zoroastrism; cf. Yt. V, FARVARDIN YAST. 205 Word, the mighty-speared, and lordly one; who, driving the Dru^ ^ before him, sought wide room for the holy religion; who, driving the Dru^^ before him, made wide room for the holy religion, who made himself the arm and support of this law of Ahura, of this law of Zarathui-tra.
I oo. Who took her ^, standing bound ^, from the hands of the Hunus'^, and established her to sit in the middle [of the world], high ruling, never falling back, holy, nourished with plenty of cattle and pas- tures, blessed with plenty of cattle and pastures ^ loi. We worship the Fravashi of the holy Zairi- vairi ^; We worship the Fravashi of the holy Yukhta- vairi; We worship the Fravashi of the holy Sriraokh-. shan; We worship the Fravashi of the holy Keresaokh- shan; We worship the Fravashi of the holy Vanara; We worship the Fravashi of the holy Varaza; We worship the Fravashi of the holy Bto^i- sravah ^; ^ Dru^a paurva«-^a, possibly, ' with the spear pushed forwards' (reading dru-^a), 2 Daena, the religion. s Cf. Yt. 11, 15.
* A generic name of the people called elsewhere Varedhakas (Yt. IX, 31; XVII, 51) or ZTz^yaonas (ibid, and XIX, 87). The Hunus have been compared with the Hunni; but it is not certain that this is a proper name; it may be a disparaging denomination, meaning the brood (hunu=:Sansk. slinu; cf. Yt. X, 113).
^ Zarir, the brother of Vutaspa and son of Aurva/-aspa (see Yt. V, 1 1 2). The ten following seem to be the names of the other sons of Aurva/-aspa (Bund. XXXI, 29).
* Possibly the same with Pat-Khosrav, a brother to Vi.rtaspa in the Ya^kar-i Zariran, as Mr. West informs me.
206 YA^TS AND SIROZAHS.
We worship the Fravashi of the holy Berezy- ar^ti; We worship the Fravashi of the holy Ti^yar^ti; We worship the Fravashi of the holy Perethu- ar>rti; We worship the Fravashi of the holy Vi^yar^ti.
1 02. We worship the Fravashi of the holy Naptya; We worship the Fravashi of the holy Va-^aspa; We worship the Fravashi of the holy Habaspa.
We worship the Fravashi of the holy Vistauru \ the son of Naotara.
We worship the Fravashi of the holy Fra^-ham- vareta ^; We worship the Fravashi of the holy Frasho- kareta.
We worship the Fravashi of the holy Atare- vanu; We worship the Fravashi of the holy Atare- pata; We worship the Fravashi of the holy Atare- data; We worship the Fravashi of the holy Atare- -^ithra; ^ Gustahm, the son of Nodar; see Yt. V, 76. Strangely enough, Tusa is not mentioned here, unless he is the same with one of the preceding names: possibly the words ' the son of Naotara ' (Nao- tairyana) refer to all the four.
" Possibly Frashidvard ij^s^J (misspelt from a Pahlavi form Fra^anvard?»J)>»oo^e' (?); the Ya<fkar-i Zariran, as Mr. West informs me, has <f>')»oo^e) and 'J'o^'oo^fi')- Frashidvard was a son of Guj- tasp: he was killed by one of Ar^asp's heroes and avenged by his brother Isfendyar (Speilto-data). The following names would belong to his brothers: most of them contain the word Atar, in honour of the newly-adopted worship of fire.
FARVARDIN VAST. 207 We worship the Fravashi of the holy Atare- ^z'arenah; We worship the Fravashi of the holy Atare- savah; We worship the Fravashi of the holy Atare- za;2tu; We worship the Fravashi of the holy Atare- danghii.
103. We worship the Fravashi of the holy Hiukyaothna; We worship the Fravashi of the holy Pi^k- yaothna; We worship the Fravashi of the holy and gallant Spe;^t6-d^ta ^.
We worship the Fravashi of the holy Basta- vairi ^; We worship the Fravashi of the holy Kava- razem ^ We worship the Fravashi of the holy Frasha- oi'tra *, the son of Hvova; We worship the Fravashi of the holy Camaspa ^, the son of Hvova; ^ Isfendyar, the heroic son of Gujtasp, killed by Rustem.
^ In the YadkdT-l Zariran, according to Mr. West, Bastvar, the son of Zairivairi, whose death he avenges on his murderer Vidraf^. This makes Bastavairi identical with the Nastur^::^ of Firdausi (read Bastur j>.".>^>).
^ Kavarazem is the Gurezm of later tradition (-];.j)> 'the jealous brother of Isfendyar, whom he slandered to his father and caused to be thrown into prison' (Burhan qati'h). Firdausi (IV, 432) has only that he was a relation to Gii^tasp: ]j^.^^li^S"i.^ ^x.^ iy,;_/jjJ*- ^^^ Etudes Iraniennes, II, 230.
* Who gave his daughter, Hvovi, in marriage to Zarathujtra 208 YA5TS AND SIROZAHS.
We worship the Fravashi of the holy Avara- o^tri \ 104. We worship the Fravashi of the holy Hui-kyaothna, the son of Frashao-rtra; We worship the Fravashi of the holy //"z^adaena, the son of Frashao^tra.
We worship the Fravashi of the holy Hang- haurv(^ungh, the son of 6^amaspa ^; We worship the Fravashi of the holy Vareshna, the son of Hanghaurv^ungh.
We worship the Fravashi of the holy Vohu- nemah, the son of Avaraoi"tri, To withstand evil dreams, to withstand evil visions, to withstand evil...^ to withstand the evil Pairikas.
105. We worship the Fravashi of the holy Mathravaka, the son of Simae^'i, the Aethrapati, the Hamidhpati *, who was able to smite down most of the evil, unfaithful Ashemaoghas, that shout the hymns ^, and acknowledge no lord and no master '', the dreadful ones whose Fravashis are to be broken'^; to withstand the evil done by the faithful «.
^ Another brother to Frashao^tra (?).
^ The son of Gamasp in the Shah Namah is called Girami and Garamik-kard? in the Ya^ar-i Zariran. ^? Aoiwra.
* Aethrapati, in Parsi herbad, a priest, whose special function is to teach; his pupils were called aethrya. Aethrapati meant literally 'the master of the hearth' (cf. herkodah, fire-temple). Hamidhpati is literally 'the master of the sacrificial log.'
^ Doubtful.
* No temporal lord (ahu) and no spiritual master (ratu). ' Doubtful (avas^asta-fravashinam).
* The evil done by Zoroastrians. This Mathravaka (' Proclaimer FARVARDIN YAST. 209 io6. We worship the Fravashi of the holy Asha- stu, the son of Maidhyo-m^ungha ^ We worship the Fravashi of the holy Avare- thrabah, the son of Rastare-vagha??/.
We worship the Fravashi of the holy Bu^ra, the son of Dazgaraspa.
We worship the Fravashi of the holy Zbaurva;^/; We worship the Fravashi of the holy and gallant Karesna -, the son of Zbaurva;/^^; who was the incar- nate Word, mighty-speared and lordly; 107. In whose house did walk the good, beau- tiful, shining Ashi Vanguhi, in the shape of a maid fair of body, most strong, tall-formed, high-up girded, pure, nobly born of a glorious seed ^; who, rushing to the battle, knew how to make room for himself with his ow^n arms; who, rushing to the battle, knew how to fight the foe with his own arms *.
108. We worship the Fravashi of the holy Viraspa, the son of Karesna; We worship the Fravashi of the holy Azata, the son of Karesna: We worship the Fravashi of the holy Frayaodha, the son of Karesna.
We worship the Fravashi of the holy and good Arshya; Arshya, the chief in assemblies, the most energetic of the worshippers of Mazda.
of the Holy Word') was apparently a great doctor and confounder of heresies.
^ Possibly the eponym of that great Karen family, which played so great a part in the history of the Sassanian times, and traced its origin to the time of Gujtasp (Noeldeke, Geschichte der Perser zur Zeit der Sasaniden, p. 437).
2IO YA5TS AND SIROZAHS.
We worship the Fravashi of the holy Daraya/- ratha; We worship the Fravashi of the holy Fraya/- ratha; We worship the Fravashi of the holy Skaraya^ ratha.
T09. We worship the Fravashi of the holy We worship the Fravashi of the holy Vyarjva;^/; We worship the Fravashi of the holy Paityar^- We worship the Fravashi of the holy Amru^ We worship the Fravashi of the holy iTamru \ We worship the Fravashi of the holy Dratha; We worship the Fravashi of the holy Paiti- dratha; We worship the Fravashi of the holy Paiti- vangha.
We worship the Fravashi of the holy Frasha- vakhsha.
We worship the Fravashi of the holy Nemo- vanghu, the son of Vaedhayangha.
no. We worship the Fravashi of the holy Visadha.
We worship the Fravashi of the holy Asha- vanghu, the son of Biva;/dangha ^; We worship the Fravashi of the holy Gdivb- danghu, the son of Pairii-tira ^; ^ Amru and ^amru are apparently the two mythical birds men- tioned above under the names of Sin-amru (the Amru-falcon) and A^amroi- (p. 173, note i).
2 Mr. West compares Ashavanghu, the son of Bivawdangha, and G^arodanghu, the son of Pairi^-tira, with the two high-priests of the Karshvares of Arezahi and Savahi, whose names are, in the We worship the Fravashi of the holy Nere- myazdana, the son of Athwyoza.
We worship the Fravashi of the holy Bereziiriu, the son of Ara; We worship the Fravashi of the hoty Kasupatu, the son of Ara.
We worship the Fravashi of the holy Frya.
We worship the Fravashi of the holy Astva^- ERETA \ XXVI.
111. We worship the Fravashi of the holy Gaopi- vanghu.
We worship the Fravashi of the holy and gallant Ham-baretar vanghvam ^.
We worship the Fravashi of the holy Staotar- Vahii-tahe-Ashyehe ^.
We worship the Fravashi of the holy Pouru- dhakhjti, the son of Kh^tavaenya; We worship the Fravashi of the holy Khshol- wraspa, the son of Kh^-tavaenya.
112. We worship the Fravashi of the holy Ayo- asti, the son of Pouru-dhakh^ti ^; We worship the Fravashi of the holy Vohv-asti, the son of Pouru-dhakh^ti; '^ Possibly, 'the holy Ham-baretar vanghvam, the son of Takhma.* His name means, ' the gatherer of good things.'
^ This name means, ' the praiser of excellent holiness ' (the reciter of the Ashem Vohu).
* See preceding paragraph.
We worship the Fravashi of the holy Gaya- dhasti, the son of Poiiru-dhakhi-ti; We worship the Fravashi of the holy Asha-vaz- dah, the son of Pouru-dhakhi^ti ^; We worship the Fravashi of the holy Urudhu, the son of Pourii-dhakhi"ti.
We worship the Fravashi of the holy Khshathro- y^inah, the son of Khshvoiwraspa ^.
113. We worship the Fravashi of the holy Ashahura, the son of Gisti.
We worship the Fravashi of the holy Fraya- za;2ta; We worship the Fravashi of the holy Frmah, the son of Frayaza?2ta; We worship the Fravashi of the holy 6^ar6- vanghu, the son of Frayaza;/ta.
We worship the Fravashis of the holy Asha- vazdah and Thrita, the sons of Sayu^dri ^ We worship the Fravashi of the holy Vohu- rao/^ah, the son of Varakasa.
We worship the Fravashi of the holy Are^an- gha.n^, the Turanian ^.
We worship the Fravashi of the holy Usinemah.
114. We worship the Fravashi of the holy Yiikhtaspa.
We worship the Fravashi of the holy Asha- skyaothna, the son of Gayadhasti ^.
* One of the seven immortals, rulers in Z^z'aniratha; cf. Yt. V, 72, text and notes, and Yt. XIII, 120, 124.
^ See preceding paragraph.
^ See Yt. V, 72. The text has 'the Fravashi;' cf. Yt. V, 116, note, and Yt. XIII, 115.
* Cf. Yt. XIII, 143. Possibly, the son of Tilra.
J We worship the Fravashi of the holy Vohu- nemah, the son of Katu; We worship the Fravashi of the holy Vohu- vazdah, the son of Katu.
We worship the Fravashi of the holy Asha- saredha, the son of Asha-sairya/C^; We worship the Fravashi of the holy Asha- saredha, the son of Zairya/C'.
We worship the Fravashi of the holy A'akhshni.
We worship the Fravashi of the holy Syavaspi.
We worship the Fravashi of the holy Pouriuti, the son of Kavi.
115. We worship the Fravashi of the holy Varesmapa, the son of 6^anara.
We worship the Fravashi of the holy Nanarasti, the son of Paeshatah; We worship the Fravashi of the holy Zarazdati, the son of Paeshatah, We worship the Fravashi of the holy Gaevani, the son of Vohu-nemah ^ We worship the Fravashis of the holy Arezva and Sr6ta-spadha.
We worship the Fravashis ^ of the holy Zrayah and Spe;2t6-khratu.
We worship the Fravashi of the holy Var^ni, the son of Vagereza.
We worship the Fravashi of the holy Fra/^ya, the son of Taurvati.
We worship the Fravashi of the holy Vahmae- data, the son of Mathravaka \ 1 There are two men of this name; one is the son of Katu (§ 114), the other is the son of Avaraoj-tri (§ 104).
2 The text has 'the Fravashi;' cf. preceding page, note 3.
2T4 YASTS AND siROZAHS.
We worship the Fravashi of the holy U^tra, the son of Sadhanah.
1 1 6. We worship the Fravashi of the holy Danghu-sriita; We worship the Fravashi of the holy Danghu- fradhah.
We worship the Fravashi of the holy Aspo- padho-makhi'ti; We worship the Fravashi of the holy Payanghro- makhi'ti.
We worship the Fravashi of the holy U^tiza^^ta.
We worship the Fravashi of the holy Asha- savah; We worship the Fravashi of the holy Asho- urvatha.
We worship the Fravashi of the holy Haomo- 117. We worship the Fravashi of the holy Frava.
We worship the Fravashi of the holy Usnaka.
We worship the Fravashi of the holy //z'anva/^/.
We worship the Fravashi of the holy Daeno- vazah.
We worship the Fravashi of the holy Are^aona.
We worship the Fravashi of the holy Aiwi- /^z^arenah.
We worship the Fravashi of the holy Huyazata.
We worship the Fravashi of the holy Hare- dhaspa.
We worship the Fravashi of the holy Pazinah.
We worship the Fravashi of the holy Z?^i7akhsha- thra.
We worship the Fravashi of the holy Asho- paoirya.
FARVARDIN YAST. 21$ We worship the Fravashi of the holy Astvat- ERETA \ XXVII.
1 1 8. We worship the Fravashi of the holy Hug^u.
We worship the Fravashi of the holy Anghiiyu.
We worship the Fravashi of the holy Gauri; We worship the Fravashi of the holy Y<lsta., the son of Gauri.
We worship the Fravashi of the holy Mazdravanghu; We worship the Fravashi of the holy Sriravanghu.
We worship the Fravashi of the holy Ayuta. We worship the Fravashi of the holy Suroyazata.
119. We worship the Fravashi of the holy Eredhwa.
We worship the Fravashi of the holy Kavi.
We worship the Fravashi of the holy Ukhshan, the son of the great Vidi-sravah, known afar I We worship the Fravashi of the holy Vanghu- dhata, the son of i7z^adhata; We worship the Fravashi of the holy Uzya, the son of Vanghu-dhata; We worship the Fravashi of the holy Frya.
120. We worship the Fravashi of the holy one whose name is Ashem-yeNhe-raoyC'(3;u; We worship the Fravashi of the holy one whose name is Ashem-yeNhe-vereza; 2 Perhaps, Ukhshan, the conqueror of glory, known afar, son of Berezva«/.
2l6 YAS'TS AND SIROZAHS.
We worship the Fravashi of the holy one whose name is Ashem-yahmai-ui"ta ^ We worship the Fravashi of the holy Yoii'ta^ of the Fryana house.
We worship the Fravashi of the holy Usmanara, the son of Paeshatah Paitisrira ^, to withstand the evil done by one's kindred *.
12 1. We worship the Fravashi of the holy Spiti^, the son of Uspasnu; We worship the Fravashi of the holy Erezraspa, the son of Uspasnu ^.
We worship the Fravashi of the holy Usadhan, the son of Mazdayasna.
We worship the Fravashi of the holy Frada/- vanghu, the son of Stiva;^/.
We worship the Fravashi of the holy RaoZ'as- /^a^shman^; We worship the Fravashi of the holy Hvare- ^aeshman '^.
We worship the Fravashi of the holy Frasrtj- t^ra; We worship the Fravashi of the holy Visrutara.
We worship the Fravashi of the holy Baremna.
^ One of the immortals, rulers in ZTz^aniratha: he is said to belong to the Fryana family (Dadislan XC, 3); he resides in the district of the river Naivtak (Bund. XXIX, 5).
' Paitisrira is perhaps an epithet (most beautiful?), added to dis- tinguish Paeshatah from the hero mentioned in § 115.
* An allusion to some legend of domestic feud of which PaSsha- tah was the hero.
^ The high-priest of the Fradadhafshu Karshvare (Spitoi^-i Ausposinan; Bund. XXIX, i; tr. West, note 6).
^ The high-priest of the Vidadhafshu Karshvare (Airi2-rasp Ausposinan; see ibid., note 7).
We worship the Fravashi of the holy Visrdta. 122. We worship the Fravashi of the holy We worship the Fravashi of the holy A'athwar- aspa 2.
We worship the Fravashi of the holy Dawra- maeshi.
We worship the Fravashi of the holy Fraora- ostra, the son of Kaosha.
We worship the Fravashi of the holy Frinaspa, the son of Kaeva.
We worship the Fravashi of the holy Frada/- nara, the son of Gravaratu.
We worship the Fravashi of the holy Vohu- u^tra, the son of Akhnangha.
We worship the Fravashi of the holy Vivare- shva;^/, the son of Ainyu.
123. We worship the Fravashi of the holy Frarazi, the son of Ttara ^ We worship the Fravashi of the holy Stipi, the son of Rava;^^.
We worship the Fravashi of the holy Parsha;^ta, the son of Ga/zdarewa.
We worship the Fravashi of the holy Avahya, the son of Spe;^ta.
We worship the Fravashi of the holy Aeta, the son of Mayu; 1 Probably the same with Huvasp, the high-priest in the Vouru- barerti Karshvare (Bund. XXIX, i; tr. West, note 8).
2 Possibly the same with the high-priest in the Vouru-^^'are^ti karshvare, i^akhravak (ibid., note 9). iTakhravak is the generic name of the bird Karshipta (Pahl. Comm. ad II, 42 [139]) 5 it must stand here by mistake for ^aharasp.
2l8 YA^TS AND SIROZAHS.
We worship the Fravashi of the holy Yaetui"- gau, the son of Vyatana.
We worship the Fravashi of the holy Gari^ta, the son of Kavi.
124. We worship the Fravashi of the holy Pouru-bangha, the son of Zaosha.
We worship the Fravashi of the holy Vohu- data, the son of Kata.
We worship the Fravashi of the holy Bc^ungha, the son of S^ungha.
We worship the Fravashis ^ of the holy Hvareza and A/^kasa.
We worship the Fravashi of the holy Aravaoi'tra, the son of Erezva^danghu.
We worship the Fravashi of the holy Fra/§ithra, the son of Berezva;^/.
We worship the Fravashi of the holy Vohu- peresa, the son of Ainyu.
125. We worship the Fravashi of the holy Paro- dasma, the son of Dai'taghni, a Mka man of the Mi^'a land.
We worship the Fravashis of the holy Fratira and Baeshatastira.
We worship the Fravashi of the holy and pure Avare-g^u, the son of Aoighimatastira.
We worship the Fravashi of the holy Gaoma;//, the son of Zavan, a Rao^^dya man of the Rao^'dya land.
We worship the Fravashi of the holy Thri/, the son of Aevo-saredha-fyaei"ta, a Tanya man of the Tanya land.
^ The text has 'the Fravashi;' cf. §§ 113, 127.
farvard!n vast. 219 126. We worship the Fravashi of the holy Tiro- nakathwa, of the Uspae^ta-Saena housed We worship the Fravashi of the holy Utayuti Vi/-kavi, the son of Zighri, of the Saena house ^; We worship the Fravashi of the holy Frohakafra, the son of Merezishmya, of the Saena house ^ We worship the Fravashi of the holy Varesmo- rao/C-ah, the son of Perethu-afzem.
127. We worship the Fravashis ^ of the holy Asha-nemah and VidaZ-g^u, of this country.
We worship the Fravashis ^ of the holy Par- sha/-g^u and Dazgara-g^u, of the Apakhshira country.
We worship the Fravashi of the holy Hufra- vakhi-, of the Kahrkana house \ We worship the Fravashi of the holy Akayadha, of the Pidha house ^ We worship the Fravashi of the holy Camaspa, the younger ^ We worship the Fravashi of the holy Maidhy6- m^ungha, the younger*.
We worship the Fravashi of the holy Urvata/- nara, the younger ^ 128. We worship the Fravashi of the holy Rao>^as-/^ae^man; We worship the Fravashi of the holy HvsLve- /^ae^man; We worship the Fravashi of the holy FradaA ^z^arenah; ^ See ]Studes Iraniennes, II, 142.
^ The text has ' the Fravashi;' cf. § 113.
8 Different from Gamaspa, the son of Hvova (§ 103).
* Different from Maidhyo-m^zungha, the son of Arasti (§ 95).
^ Different from Urvata/-nara, the son of Zarathujtra (§98).
We worship the Fravashi of the holy Vareda/- ^z^arenah; We worship the Fravashi of the holy Vouru- nemah; We worship the Fravashi of the holy Vouru- savah ^; We worship the Fravashi of the holy Ukhshya/- ereta ^; We worship the Fravashi of the holy Ukhshya/- nemah 2; We worship the Fravashi of the holy AsTVAr- ERETA*; XXVIII.
129. Whose name will be the victorious Sao- SHYAivr and whose name will be AstvaZ-ereta. He will be SAOSHYAivr (the Beneficent One), because he will benefit the whole bodily world; he will be AsTVAr-ERETA (he who makes the bodily creatures ^ The six foremost helpers of Saoshya«/, each in one of the six Karshvares: ' It is said that in the fifty-seven years, which are the period of the raising of the dead, R6shan6-/^ashm in Arzah, Khur- y^ashm inSavah,Frada(f-gadman(Frada/-^z;aren6, Increaser of Glory) in Frada^afsh, Varedarf-gadman (VaredaZ-Az'areno, Multiplier of Glory) in Vidad'afsh, Kamak-vakhshijn (Vouru-nemo, Prayer- loving) in Voriibarj-t, and Kamak-su«/ (Vouru-savo, Weal-loving) in Voru- ^arjt, while Soshans in the illustrious and pure Khvaniras is con- nected with them, are immortal. The completely good sense, perfect hearing, and full glory of those seven producers of the renovation are so miraculous that they converse from region unto region, every one together with the six others ' (Dadistan XXXVI, ^ The first brother and forerunner to Saoshyaw/, the Oshedar mah of later tradition (see above, p. 196, note 2; cf. § 141, note).
' The second brother and forerunner to Saoshya«/, the Oshedar bami of later tradition (ibid.; cf. § 142, note).
* Saoshyaw/; cf. following paragraph and §§ no, 117.
FARVARdIn YAST. 221 rise up), because as a bodily creature and as a living creature he will stand against the destruction of the bodily creatures, to withstand the Dru^ of the two- footed brood, to withstand the evil done by the faithful ^ XXIX.
130. We worship the Fravashi of the holy Yima^ the son of Vivangha/z/; the valiant Yima, who had flocks at his wish 2; to stand against the oppression caused by the Da^vas, against the drought that destroys pastures, and against death that creeps unseen *.
131. We worship the Fravashi of the holy Thraetaona, of the Athwya house ^; to stand against itch, hot fever, humours, cold fever, and incon- tinency^ to stand against the evil done by the Serpent''.
We worship the Fravashi of the holy Aoshnara, the son of Pouru-^ira^ We worship the Fravashi of the holy Uzava, the son of Tiimaspa ^.
^ He will suppress both the destructive power of the men of the Dru^ (idolaters and the like) and the errors of INIazdayas- nians (?).
^ Vouru-vathwa; cf. fitudes Iraniennes, II, 182.
* As he made waters and trees undrying, cattle and men undying. ^ See above, p. 61, note i.
* As the inventor of medicine; see Vend. XX, Introd.
'' Disease, being a poison, comes from the Serpent; see ibid.
« Or ' Aoshnara, full of wisdom;' cf. Yt. XXIII, 2, and West, Pahlavi Texts, II, 171, note 3.
^ Called in the Shah Namah Zab, son of Tahmasp, who appears to have been a son of Nodar (Bund. XXXI, 23).
YA5TS AND SIRdZAHS.
We worship the Fravashi of the holy Aghrae- ratha, the demi-man ^ We worship the Fravashi of the holy Manu5- ^ithra, the son of Airyu^.
132. We worship the Fravashi of the holy king Kavata^; We worship the Fravashi of the holy king Aipivanghu ^; We worship the Fravashi of the holy king Usadhan^; We worship the Fravashi of the holy king Arshan^; We worship the Fravashi of the holy king Pisanah^; We worship the Fravashi of the holy king Byarshan^; We worship the Fravashi of the holy king Syavarshan^; We worship the Fravashi of the holy king Husravah^; OO' For the well-shapened Strength ^ for the Victory made by Ahura, for the crushing Ascendant; for the righteousness of the law, for the innocence of * See above, p. 114, note 7 (Yt. IX, 18).
' Airyu, the youngest of the three sons of Thraetaona (see p. 61, note i), was killed by his brothers and avenged by his son Manuj- >^iihra, who succeeded Thraetaona.
» Kavata, Kai Qobad in the Shah Namah, an adoptive son to Uzava, according to Bund. XXXI, 24.
* Kai-Apiveh in the Bundahii'; he was the son of Kai Qobad.
^ Usadhan, Arshan, Pisanah, and Byarshan were the four sons of Aipivanghu; they are called in Firdausi Kai Kaus, Kai Arish, Kai Pashin, and Kai Armin. Kai Kaus alone came to the throne.
« Syavakhsh and Khosrav; see above, p. 64, note i.
^ To become possessed of Strength, Victory, &c., as Husravah did.
FARVARDIN VAST. 223 the law, for the unconquerable power of the law; for the extermination of the enemies at one stroke; 134. And for the vigour of health, for the Glory made by Mazda, for the health of the body, and for a good, virtuous offspring, wise, chief in assemblies, bright, and clear-eyed, that frees [their father] from the pangs [of hell], of good intellect; and for that part in the blessed world that falls to wisdom and to those who do not follow impiety; 135. For a dominion full of splendour, for a long, long life, and for all boons and remedies; to withstand the Yatus and Pairikas, the oppressors, the blind, and the deaf; to withstand the evil done by oppressors \ 136. We worship the Fravashi of the holy Kere- saspa 2, the Sama ^, the club-bearer with plaited hair; to withstand the dreadful arm and the hordes with the wide battle array, with the many spears, with the straight spears, with the spears uplifted, bearing the spears of havoc; to withstand the dreadful brigand who works destruction*, the man-slayer who has no mercy; to withstand the evil done by the brigand.
137. We worship the Fravashi of the holy Akhrura"', the son of Husravah; To withstand the wicked one that deceives his friend and the niggard that causes the destruction of the world *'.
^ Like Frangrasyan; cf. p. 64, note i.
^ Belonging to the Sama family (Yasna IX, 10).
* Like the nine highwaymen killed by Keresaspa, Yt. XIX, 41.
■* Not mentioned in the Shah Namah; Khosrav was succeeded by a distant relation, Lohrasp.
" An allusion to the lost legend of Akhriira; see, however, West, Pahlavi Texts, II, 375.
We worship the Fravashi of the holy and gallant Haoshyangha; To withstand the Mazainya Daevas and the Va- renya fiends; to withstand the evil done by the Daevas ^.
138. We worship the Fravashi of the holy Fra- dhakh^ti, the son of the jar^, To withstand Aeshma, the fiend of the wounding spear, and the Daevas that grow through Aeshma; to withstand the evil done by Aeshma.
XXX.
139. We worship the Fravashi of the holy Hvovi^ We worship the Fravashi of the holy Fr^ni; We worship the Fravashi of the holy Thriti; We worship the Fravashi of the holy Pouru- /§ista *.
We worship the Fravashi of the holy Hutaosa^; We worship the Fravashi of the holy Humal We worship the Fravashi of the holy Zairi/^i.
^ Khumbya, one of the immortals in ZTivaniratha; he resides in the Pe^yansai plain: * he is Z^z^embya for this reason, because they brought him up in a /ivemh (jar) for fear of Khashm' (Bund. XXIX, 5). He answers pretty well to the Agastya and Vasish//5a of the Vedic legend (see Ormazd et Ahriman, § 177).
^ One of the three wives of Zarathui'tra, the daughter of Frasha- OJtra; she is the supposed mother of Saoshya;;/ and his brothers * The three daughters of Zarathu^-tra and sisters to Isa^vastar ^ Vutaspa's wife; see Yt. IX, 26, and XVII, 46, * Vi^taspa's daughter, Humai, in the Shah Namah.
A FARVARDIN VAST. 22 5 We worship the Fravashi of the holy Vispa- taurvashi.
We worship the Fravashi of the holy Ui"tavaiti.
We worship the Fravashi of the holy Tuiria- maiti.
140. We worship the Fravashi of the holy Frt'ni, the wife of Usenemah ^; We worship the Fravashi of the holy Fr^^ni, the wife of the son of Frayaza?zta ^; We worship the Fravashi of the holy Fr^ni, the wife of the son of Khshoiwraspa ^; We worship the Fravashi of the holy Fr^ni, the wife of Gayadhasti *.
We worship the Fravashi of the holy Asabani, the wife of Pourudhakh^ti ^.
We worship the Fravashi of the holy Ukhsh- yei;«ti, the wife of Staotar-Vahi^tahe-Ashyehe ^.
141. We worship the Fravashi of the holy maid Vadh{i^.
We worship the Fravashi of the holy maid 6^aghrudh.
We worship the Fravashi of the holy maid Franghadh.
We worship the Fravashi of the holy maid Urii- dhayawA We worship the Fravashi of the holy maid Pa6- sanghanu.
We worship the Fravashi of the holy //z^aredhi.
We worship the Fravashi of the holy Hu/^ithra.
We worship the Fravashi of the holy Kanuka.
"^ See§in. « Ibid.
226 YA5TS AND SIROZAHS We worship the Fravashi of the holy maid SrutaZ-fedhri \ 142. We worship the Fravashi of the holy maid Vanghu-fedhri ";