Galapagos Archipelago.
Finches from Galapagos Archipelago.
Amblyrhynchus Cristatus.
Opuntia Galapageia.
Ava or Kava (Macropiper methysticum), Tahiti.
Eimeo and Barrier-Reef.
Fatahua Fall, Tahiti.
Tahitian.
Hippah, New Zealand.
Sydney, 1835.
Hobart Town and Mount Wellington.
Australian group of weapons and throwing sticks.
Inside an atoll, Keeling Island.
Whitsunday Island.
Barrier-reef, Bolabola.
Sections of barrier-reefs.
Section of coral-reef.
Section of coral-reef.
Bolabola Island.
Corals.
Birgos Latro, Keeling Island.
St. Louis, Mauritius.
St. Helena.
Cellular formation of volcanic bomb.
Cicada Homoptera.
Homeward bound.
Ascension. Terns and noddies.
Index ABBOTT, Mr., on spiders, 36 Aborigines banished from Van Diemen’s Land, 475 of Australia, 430 to 458 Abrolhos Islands, 9, 14 Absence of trees in Pampas, 48 Aconcagua, volcano of, 269, 294, 312 Actinia, stinging species, 494 Africa, Southern part desert, yet supports large animals, 89 Ageronia feronia, 39 Agouti, habits of, 72 Ague common in Peru, 389 Albemarle Island, 401, 420 Allan, Dr., on Diodon, 14 on Holuthuriæ, 494 Alluvium, saliferous, in Peru, 367 stratified, in Andes, 333 Anas, species of, 210 Animalculæ. _See_ Infusoria Antarctic islands, 263 Antipodes, 444 Ants at Keeling Island, 485 in Brazil, 36 Antuco volcano, 311 Apires, or miners 364 Aplysia, 6, 493 Apple-trees, 318 Aptenodytes demersa, 209 Araucanian Indians, 66 Areas of alternate movements in the Pacific and Indian oceans, 480 Armadilloes, habits of, 110 fossil animals allied to, 137, 164 Arqueros mines, 369 Ascension, 522, 538 Aspalax, blindness of, 53 Athene cunicularia, 73, 132 Atolls, 490, 495 Attagis, 98 Atwater, Mr., on the prairies, 124 Australia, 459 Australian barrier, 499 group of weapons, 480 Ava (Macropiper methysticum), 428, 436 Azara on spiders, 39 on rain in La Plata, 49 on habits of carrion-hawks, 58 on range of carrion-hawks, 60 on ostrich-eggs, 95 on bows and arrows, 110 on new plants springing up, 125 on great droughts, 142 on hydrophobia, 378 BACHMAN, Mr., on carrion-hawks, 195 fossil tooth of horse from, 138 Bahia, Brazil, 11 scenery of, 526 Bajada, 136 Balbi on coral reefs, 499 Bald Head, Australia, 479 Ballenar, Chile, 373 Banks’s Hill, 221 Barking-bird, 307 reefs, sections of, 500 Basaltic platform of Santa Cruz, 182 Bathurst, Australia, 470 Batrachian reptiles, 101 Bats, vampire, 22, 23 Bay of Islands, New Zealand, 444 Beads, hill of, 158 Beagle Channel, Tierra del Fuego, 230 Beetles in brackish water, 22 on a fungus, 32 alive in sea, 168 at St. Julian, 180 Behring’s Straits, fossils of, 140 Bell of Quillota, 270 Benchuca, 352 Berkeley Sound, 199, 214 Rev. J., on Confervæ, 15 on Cyttaria, 250 Berquelo river, 158 Bibron, M., 407 Bien te veo, 56 Birds of the Galapagos Archipelago, 405 tameness of, 424 Birgos latro, 492, 512 Bizcacha, habits of, 73, 130, 273 Blackheath, Australia, 466 Blackwall, Mr., on spiders, 171 Blindness of tucutuco, 53 Blue Mountains, 465 Body, frozen, 93, 263 Bolas, manner of using, 46, 117 Bombs, volcanic, 524 Bones of the guanaco collected in certain spots, 177 fire made of, 205 recent in Pampas, 142 Bory St. Vincent on frogs, 407 Boulders, 197, 262 Bramador, El, 358 Brazil, great area of granite, 12 Brazilian whips, etc., 75 Breaches in coral reefs, 502 Breakwater of seaweed, 253 Brewster, Sir D., on a calcareous deposit, 10 Bridge of hide, 334 Buckland, Dr., on fossils, 140 Buenos Ayres, 127 trading at, 111 evening camp, 128 Buffon on American Animals, 183 Bug of Pampas, 352 Buildings, Indian, 381 to 383, 394 Bulimus on desert places, 371 Burchell, Mr., on food of quadrupeds, 91 on ostrich-eggs, 95 on perforated stones, 285 Butterflies, flocks of, 167 Butterfly producing clicking sound, 34 Button, Jemmy, 218 Byron’s account of fox of Falklands, 204 on an Indian killing his child, 228 CABBAGE PALM, 26 Cactornis, 405, 424 Cactus, Cereus Peruviana, 278 Calasoma on wing out at sea, 168 Calcareous casts of branches and roots of trees at King George’s Sound, 479 incrustations on rocks of Ascension, 9 Callao, 389, 391 Calodera, 132 Calomys bizcacha, 130 Camelidæ, fossil animal allied to, 182 Cancer salinus, 69 Canis antarcticus, 204 fulvipes, 287 Cape Horn, 222, 223 False Horn, 229, 243 of Good Hope, 91 fossil allied to, 87 Caracara, or Carrancha, 57 Cardoon, beds of, 125, 157 Carizal, 371 Carmichael, Capt., 426 Casarita, 99 Cassava, 23 Castro, Chiloe, 296, 315 old church at, 291 Casuchas, 358 Catamaran, 18 Cathartes, 60, 195 Cats run wild, 123, 523 good to eat, 123 scratch trees, 144 cruelty to mice, 209 Cattle, effects of their grazing on the vegetation, 124 killed by great droughts, 142, 156 know each other, 155 curious breed of, 155 waste of, 158 wild at the Falkland Islands, 200, 203 Caucahue, 295 Cauquenes, hot springs of, 281 Causes of extinction of species among mammalia, 182 of discoloured sea, 15 Cavia Patagonica, 72 Cawa-Cawa, New Zealand, 456 Caylen, 298 Cervus campestris, 50 Ceryle Americana, 147 Chacao, Chiloe, 293 Chagos atolls, 508 Chalk-like mud, 494 Chamisso on drifted seeds and trees, 484, 491 on coral reefs, 496 Changes in vegetation of Pampas, 126 in vegetation of St. Helena, 519 Charles Island, 400, 420 Chatham Island, 399, 420 Cheese, salt required for, 68 Cheucau, 297, 307 features of country, 270 Chilenos, 194, 337 Chilian miner, 277 spurs, stirrup, etc, 290 vegetation, 359 Chiloe, 291 old church at castro, 291 forests of, and climate, 292 inhabitants of, 292, 294 Gunnera scabra, 310 Chionis alba, 98 Cholechel, conflict at, 109 Chonos Archipelago, 300, 304 climate of, 292 zoology of, 306 ornithology of, 307 Chupat, Rio, 110 Chuzo, 66 Cicada homoptera, 529 Cladonia, 387 Clearness of atmosphere within Andes, in Chile, 271 Climate of Tierra del Fuego and Falkland Islands, 257 Antarctic Islands, 263 change of, in Chile, 382 Galapagos, 397 Clouds of vapour after rain, 25 on Corcovado, 30 hanging low, 389 at sea, 429 Coleoptera in Tropics, 35 out at sea, 168 of St. Julian, 180 Colias edusa, flocks of, 168 Colnett, Capt., on spawn in sea, 17 on a marine lizard, 411 on transport of seeds, 418 Colonia del Sacramiento, 153 Colorado, Rio, 73 Compound animals, 211 Concepcion, Chile, 325 Conchalee, 362 Condor, habits of, 193, 196, 287 (Sarcorhamphus gryphus), 187 Confervæ, pelagic, 15 Conglomerate on the Ventana, 113 in Cordillera, 342 Conurus, 147 Convicts of Mauritius, 514 condition, in New South Wales, 473 Cook, Capt., on kelp, 253 Copiapó, river and valley of, 366, 370, 375, 385 town of, 374, 378 Coquimbo, 22, 365 Coral formations, 429, 502 to 509 stinging species of, 493 reefs, sections of, 502, 508 dead, 508 Corallines, 207 Corals, 507 Corcovado, clouds on, 30 volcano, 304 Cordillera, appearance of, 269, 292, 337 different productions on east and west side, 345 passage of, 334 structure of valleys, 335 rivers of, 338 valley of Copiapó, 385 mountains, 435 Cormorant catching fish, 209 Corral, where animals are slaughtered at Buenos Ayres, 127 Corrientes, Cape, 168 Corrobery, or native Australian dance, 479 Corunda, 135 Coseguina, eruption of, 312, 376 Countries, unhealthy, 389 Couthouy, Mr., on coral-reefs, 504 Crabberies, 83 Crabs, hermit species of, 486 at St. Paul’s, 10 at Keeling Island, 492 Craters, number of, at the Galapagos Archipelago, 398 of Elevation, 515 Crisia, 211 Cruelty to animals, 162 Crustacea, pelagic, 171 Ctenomys Brasiliensis, 52 fossil species of, 86 Cucao, Chiloe, 315 Cuckoo-like habits of Molothrus, 55 Cudico, mission at, 320 Cuentas, Sierra de, 158 Cufre, 153 Cumbre of Cordillera, 358 Cuming, Mr., on shells, 416, 520 Cuttlefish, habits of, 7 Cuvier on Diodon, 14 Cynara cardunculus, 125 Cyttaria Darwinii, 250, 251 DACELO IAGOENSIS, 2 Dasypus, three species of, 100 Deer, 50, 139 Degradation of tertiary formations, 368 Deinornis, 455 Deserts, 371, 384 Desmodus, 22 Despoblado, valley of, 379 Dieffenbach, Dr., E., 2 on Auckland Island, 259, 464 Diodon, habits of, 13 Discoloured sea, 15 Diseases from miasma, 389, 464 Distribution of mammalia in America, 138 of animals on opposite sides of Cordillera, 348 of frogs, 407 of Fauna of Galapagos, 419 Dobrizhoffer on ostriches, 98 Docks, imported, 455 Dogs, shepherd, 159 Dolichonyx oryzivorus, 404 Doris, eggs of, 211 Dormidor, or horse-tamer, 160 Doubleday, Mr., on a noise made by a butterfly, 34 Drigg, lightning tubes at, 61 Droughts, great, in Pampas, 141 Dryness of St. Jago, 4 of winds in Tierra del Fuego, 245 of air in Cordillera, 348 Dubois, 407 Dust, falling from atmosphere, 5 EARTHENWARE, fossil, 394 Earthquake, accompanied by an elevation of the coast, 331 accompanied by rain, 375 at Callao, 393 at Concepcion, 325 at Coquimbo, 366 at Keeling and Vanikoro, and Society Islands, 504 at Valdivia, 322 causes of, 330 effect of, on springs, 281 on bottom of sea, 327 effects of, on rocks, 274, 324 effects of, on sea, 323, 324, 325 effects of, on a river-bed, 381 line of vibration of, 328 on S.W. coast, 260 tossing fragments from the ground, 208 twisting movement of, 328 Eggs of Doris, 211 Ehrenberg, Prof., on Atlantic dust, 5 on infusoria in Pampas, 87, 137 in the open sea, 172 in Patagonia, 180 in Fuegian paint, 234 in coral mud, 494 in tuff at Ascension, 525 on phosphorescence of the sea, 172 on noises from a hill, 385 Eimeo, island of, 432; barrier-reef, 433 Elater, springing powers of, 32 Electricity of atmosphere within Andes, 348 Elephant, weight of, 91 Bahia Blanca, 87 Pampas, 137 Patagonia, 180, 395 Peru, 393 within human period, 395 fringing-reefs, 508 Entomology of the Galapagos Archipelago, 407, 418, 420 Brazil, 34 Patagonia, 180, 349 Tierra del Fuego, 253 Keeling Island, 485 St. Helena, 520 Entre Rios, geology of, 132 Epeira, habits of, 37 to 39 Erratic blocks, how transported, 262 absent in intertropical countries, 263 on plains of Santa Cruz, 196 of Tierra del Fuego, 262 Estancia, value of, 154 Extermination of species and races, 183, 462, 469, 476 Extinction of shells at St. Helena, 520 of species, causes of, 183 of man in New South Wales, 462, 476 Eyes of tucutuco and mole, 53 Eyre Sound, 260 FALCONER, Dr., on the Sivatherium, 155 on the Indians, 109 on rivers in Pampas, 112 on natural enclosures, 122 Falkland Islands, 199 absence of trees at, 48 wild cattle and horses of, 200 fox of, 204 climate of, 257 peat of, 305 tame birds at, 424 Fat, quantity eaten, 123 Fatahua fall, 436 Fear an acquired instinct, 426 Februa Hoffmanseggi, butterfly, 35 Fennel run wild, 125 Ferguson, Dr., on miasma, 390 Ferns, tree, 259, 477 Fields of dead coral, 488 Fire, art of making, 205, 436 Fireflies, 31 Fish emitting harsh sound, 144 of Galapagos, 416 eating coral, 494 Flamingoes, 69 Fleas, 369 Floods after droughts, 142 clear after snow, 341 Flora of the Galapagos, 399, 418, 421 of Keeling Island, 483 of St. Helena, 523 Flustraceæ, 211 Forests, absence of, in La Plata, 47 of Tierra del Fuego, 220, 250, 305 of Valdivia, 319, 322 of New Zealand, 436 of Australia, 445 earthenware, 394 Fox of the Falkland Islands, 204 of Chiloe, 299 Freyrina, 372 Friendly Archipelago, 505 Fringing reefs, 501 Frogs, noises of, 30 bladders of, 409 and toads, not found on oceanic islands, 407 Frozen soil, 93, 257 Fruit-trees, southern limit of, 250 Fucus giganteus, 254 wigwams, 151, 224 basket and bone weapons, 230 Fulgurites, 62 Fungus, edible, 250 Furnarius, 99 GALAPAGOS ARCHIPELAGO, 398 natural history of, 403 marked relationship with America, 403 zoology of, 403, 419 finches from, 405 Gale of wind, 228, 300 Gallegos river, fossil bones at, 182 Gallinazo, 60 Gauchos, 46, 160 character of, 161 live on meat, 123 surcingle of, 46 Gavia mountain, 33 Gay, M., on floating islands, 283 on shells in brackish water, 22 Geese at the Falkland Islands, 210 Geographical distribution of American animals, 138, 349 of frogs, 407 of fauna of Galapagos, 419 Geology of Cordillera, 341, 355 of St. Jago, 6 of St. Paul, 8 of Brazil, 12 of Bahia Blanca, 86 of Pampas, 136 of Patagonia, 180, 190 Georgia, climate of, 263 Geospiza, 405, 420 Gill, Mr., on an upheaved river-bed, 382 Gillies, Dr., on the Cordillera, 345 Glaciers in Tierra del Fuego, 237, 260, 261 in Cordillera, 346 Glow-worms, 31 Goats destructive to vegetation at St. Helena, 520 bones of, 177 Goeree Roads, 230 Goître, 336 Gold-washing, 284 Good Success Bay, 214 Gossamer spider, 169 Gould, Mr., on the Calodera, 132 on birds of Galapagos, 404 Granite mountains, Tres Montes, 301 of Cordillera, 342 Graspus, 10 Gravel, how far transported, 113 of Patagonia, 78, 180 Graves of Indians, 179 Greenstone, fragments of, 274 Gregory, Cape, 245 Gryllus migratorius, 352 Guanaco, habits of, 175, 197 fossil allied genus, 182 Guantajaya, mines of, 387 Guardia del Monte, 124 Guasos of Chile, 275 Guava imported into Tahiti, 430 Guinea-fowl, 5, 523 Guitron, 279 Gunnera scabra, 298 Gypsum, great beds of, 342 in salt-lake, 68 in Patagonian tertiary beds, 180 at Iquique with salt, 388 at Lima with shells, 392 Hacienda, condor, and cactus, 271 Hail-storm, 121 Hall, Captain Basil, on terraces of Coquimbo, 367 Hare, Varying, 47 Head, Captain, on thistle-beds, 125, 130 Height of snow-line on Cordillera, 259 Henslow, Prof., on potatoes, 304 on plants of Keeling Island, 483 Hermit crabs, 486 Hide bridge, 334 Hill emitting a noise, 385 Himantopus, 120 Hippah, New Zealand, 458 Hobart Town and Mount Wellington, 475 Holes made by a bird, 99 Holman on drifted seeds, 484 Holothuriæ feeding on coral, 494 Homeward bound, 531 Hooker, Sir J., on the Cardoon, 125 Dr. J. D., on the kelp, 253 on Galapageian plants, 418, 421 Horn, Cape, 223 Horner, Mr., on a calcareous deposit, 10 Horse, swimming powers of, 152 Horse, wild at the Falkland Islands, 202 fossil of extinct species of, 86, 138 Horse-fly, 180 Horsemanship of the Gauchos, 162, 206 Horses difficult to drive, 115 drop excrement on paths, 125 killed by great droughts, 141 multiplication of, 247 broken in, 160 Hot springs of Cauquenes, 281 Huacas, 394, 396 Humboldt on burnished rocks, 12 on the atmosphere in tropics, 33 on frozen soil, 93 on hybernation, 102 on potatoes, 304 on earthquakes and rain, 375 on miasma, 390, 463 Humming-birds of Rio de Janeiro, 33 of Chiloe, 289 Hurtado, 113 Hybernation of animals, 102 Hydrochærus capybara, 40, 51 Hydrophobia, 377 Hyla, 30 Hymenophallus, 34 IBIS MELANOPS, 175 Ice, prismatic structure of, 347 Incrustations on coast rocks, 9, 12 Indian fossil remains, 395 Indians, attacks of, 66, 80, 136 antiquarian relics of, 48, 109 Araucanian, 66, 321 of the Pampas, 105 decrease in numbers of, 108 grave of, 179, 198 Patagonian, 245 perforated stones used by, 285 Valdivian, 321 powers of tracking, 350 ruins of houses of, 380, 384, 392 Infection, 463 Infusoria in dust in the Atlantic, 5 in the sea, 16, 168 in the Pampas, 87, 137 in Patagonia, 180 in white paint, 234 in coral mud, 494 at Ascension, 525 Insects first colonists of St. Paul’s rocks, 10 blown out to sea, 168 of Patagonia, 180, 349 of Tierra del Fuego, 253 of Keeling Island, 485 of St. Helena, 520 Instincts of birds, 96, 423 Iodine with salt at Iquique, 388 Iquique, 386 Iron, oxide of, on rocks, 12 Irregular troops, 85 Islands, oceanic, volcanic, 8 Antarctic, 263 floating, 283 Low, 429, 497 JACKSON, Col., on frozen snow, 347 Jaguar, habits of, 143 Jajuel, mines of, 276 James Island, 402, 420 Jemmy Button, 218, 233 Juan Fernandez, volcano of, 332 flora of, 418 Kater’s Peak, 224 Kauri pine, 454 Keeling Island, 481 inside an atoll, 481 flora of, 483 birds of, 485, 486 entomology of, 486 subsidence of, 504 Birgos latro, 512 Kelp, or seaweed, 253, 254 Kendall, Lieut., on a frozen body, 263 Kingfishers, 2, 147 King George’s Sound, 478 LABOURERS, condition of, in Chile, 285 Lagostomus, 130 Lake, brackish, near Rio, 22 with floating islands, 283 formed during earthquake, 395 Lamarck on acquired blindness, 53 Lampyris, 31 Lancaster, Capt., on a sea-tree, 105 Las Minas, 43 Lazo, 46, 160, 201 Leaves, 250 fossil, 477 Leeks in New Zealand, imported, 455 Lemuy Island, 295, 297 Lepus Magellanicus, 203 Lesson, M., on the scissor-beak, 147 on rabbit of the Falklands, 203 Lichen on loose sand, 387 Lichtenstein on ostriches, 96 Lightning storms, 63 tubes, 61 Lima, 389, 392 and San Lorenzo, 360 elevation of a river near, 383 Lime, changed by lava into crystalline rock, 6 Limnæa in brackish water, 2 Lion-ant, 470 Lizard, 102 marine species of, 407 Lizards, transport of, 404 Llama or guanaco, habits of, 175 Locusts, 351 Longevity of species in Mollusca, 87 Lorenzo, San, island of, 393 Low Archipelago, 429, 497 Luciano, story of, 117 Lumb, Mr., 158, 164 Lund, M., on antiquity of man, 382 Lund and Clausen on fossils of Brazil, 138, 183 Luxan, 130, 351 Luxuriant vegetation not necessary to support large animals, 89 Lycosa, 36 Lyell, Mr., on terraces of Coquimbo, 367 on longevity of Mollusca, 87 on change in vegetation, 126 on fossil horses’ teeth, 137 on flocks of butterflies, 168 on extinct mammals and ice-period, 184 on stones twisted by earthquakes, 329 on frozen snow, 347 on distribution of animals, 349 on subsidence in the Pacific, 498 MACCULLOCH on infection, 464 Macquarie river, 471 Macrocystis, 253 Madrina, or godmother of a troop of mules, 336 Magdalen channel, 255 Magellan, flora of, 265 H.M.S. _Beagle_ in Straits of, Beagle Straits of, 229, 244 Port Famine, 246 kelp of, 267 Malays, 482 Malcolmson, Dr., on hail, 122 Man, antiquity of, 382 body frozen, 264 fossil remains of, 395 fear of, an acquired instinct, 427 extinction of races, 463, 476 Mandetiba, 20 Mandioca or cassava, 23, 27 Mare’s flesh eaten by troops, 107 Mares killed for their hides, 163 Mastodon, 134, 137 Maté pots and Bambillio, 118 Matter, granular, movements in, 104 Mauritius, 513 Maypu river, 338 Megalonyx, 86, 139 Mendoza, 352 climate of, 345 Mercedes on the Rio Negro, 156 Mexico, elevation of, 139 Miasmata, 389, 463 Mice inhabit sterile places, 384 number of, in America, 51 how transported, 307, 404 different on opposite sides of Andes, 348 of the Galapagos, 403 of Ascension, 523 Millepora, 493 Mills for grinding ores, 284 Mimosæ, 26 Mimus, 56, 420, 424 how discovered, 340 Miranda, Commandant, 105 Missionaries at New Zealand, 446 Mitchell, Sir T., on valleys of Australia, 466 Molina omits description of certain birds, 289 Molothrus, habits of, 54 Monkeys with prehensile tails, 29 Moresby, Capt., on a great crab, 493 on coral-reefs, 509 Mount Sarmiento, 247, 256 Tarn, 249 Victoria, 47 Mountains, elevation of, 333 Movements in granular matter, 104 disturbed by earthquake, 328 Mules, 336 Muniz, Signor, on niata cattle, 155 Murray, Mr., on spiders, 170 Myopotamus Coypus, 306 NARBOROUGH ISLAND, 401 Negress with goître, 336 Negro, Rio, 65, 192 lieutenant, 78 Nepean river, 444 New Caledonia, reef of, 499, 501, 507 New Zealand, 444 Niata cattle, 155 Noises from a hill, 385 Noses, ceremony of pressing, 451 Nothura, 47 Notopod, crustacean, 171 Nulliporæ, incrustations like, 9 protecting reefs, 529 OCTOPUS, habits of, 7 Oily coating on sea, 17 Olfersia, 10 Opetiorhynchus, 425 Opuntia, 278 Darwinii, 175 Galapageia, 427 Ores, gold, 284 Ornithology of Galapagos, 404, 420 Ornithorhynchus, 470 Osorno, volcano of, 292, 294, 312 Ostrich, habits of, 44, 94 Ostrich’s eggs, 119 Otaheite, 429 Otter, 307 Ova in sea, 17 Oven-bird, 99 Owen, Capt., on a drought in Africa, 141 Professor, on the Capybara, 51 fossil quadrupeds, 86-89, 137 nostrils of the Gallinazo, 195 Owl of Pampas, 73, 132 of Galapagos Islands, 406 Oxyurus, 252, 308 Oysters, gigantic, 180 PAINT, white, 234 Pallas on Siberia, 69 Palm-trees in La Plata, 48 south limit of, 260 in Chile, 272 Palms absent at Galapagos, 400 Pampas, halt at a pulperia on the, 64 number of embedded remains in, 165 southern limit of, 80 changes in, 130 giant thistle of, 125 not quite level, 134, 137, 153 geology of, 136, 165 view of, from the Andes, 348 Pan de Azucar, 47 Papilio feronia, 34, 39 River, 133 islands in, 143 Parish, Sir W., on the great drought, 142 Park, Mungo, on eating salt, 116 Parrots, 147, 259 Partridges, 47 Pas, fortresss of New Zealand, 445 Passes in Cordillera, 356 Pasture altered from grazing of cattle, 124 Patagones, 65 Patagonia, geology of, 190, 349 birds of, 93 raised beaches, 182 Patagonian bolas, etc, 248, 249 Patagonians, Cape Gregory, 245 Paypote ravine, 383 Peat, formation of, 305 Pebbles perforated, 158, 285 transported in roots of trees, 491 Pelagic animals in southern ocean, 172 Penas, glacier in Gulf of, 261 Penguin, habits of, 209 Pepsis, habits of, 36 Pernambuco, reef of, 529 Pernety on hill of ruins, 208 on tame birds, 425 Peru, 386, 396 dry valleys of, 382, 386 Peruvian pottery, 396 Petrels, habits of, 309 Peuquenes, pass of, 341 Phonolite at Fernando Noronha, 11 Phosphorescence of the sea, 172 of land insects and sea animals, 31 of a coralline, 213 Phryniscus, 101 Pine of New Zealand, 454 Plains at foot of Andes in Chile, 282, 337 almost horizontal near St. Fé, 135 Planariæ, terrestrial species of, 28 Plants of the Galapagos, 402, 418, 421 of Keeling island, 483 of St. Helena, 517 Plants, fossil, in Australia, 477 Plata, R., 40 thunderstorms of, 65 Polished rocks, Brazil, 12 Polyborus chimango, 58, 209 Braziliensis, 57 Novæ Zelandiæ, 59 Porpoises, 40 Port Desire, 97, 174 river of, 112, 178 St. Julian, 180 Famine, 246, 247 Jackson, 459 Portillo Pass, 335 to 352 Porto Praya, 2 Potato, wild, 304 Potrero Seco, 375 Prairies, vegetation of, 124 Prévost, M., on cuckoos, 55 Priestley, Dr., on lightning-tubes, 61 Prisoner, bringing in a, 84 Procellaria gigantea, habits of, 309 Proctotretus, 102 Proteus, blindness of, 53 Protococcus nivalis, 345 Pteroptochos, two species of, 288 species of, 297, 307 Puenta del Inca, 356, 380 Puffinuria Berardii, 309 Puffinus cinereus, 309 Puma, habits of, 144, 193, 287 flesh of, 122 Puna, or short respiration, 344 Punta Alta, Bahia Blanca, 83 Gorda, 136, 380 Huantamó, 317 Pyrophorus luminosus, 32 large, do not require luxuriant vegetation, 89 weight of, 91 Quartz of the Ventana, 122 of Tapalguen, 122 of Falkland Island, 207 Quedius, 10 Quellaypo volcano, 312 Quilimari, 362 Quillota, valley of, 270 Quinchao Island, 296 Quintero, 270 Quiriquina Island, 324 Quoy and Gaimard on stinging corals, 493 on coral-reefs, 505 RABBIT, wild, at the Falkland Islands, 203 Rain at Coquimbo, 361, 371, 372 at Rio, 30 effects on vegetation, 361 and earthquakes, 375 in Chile, formerly more abundant, 381 in Peru, 389, 390 Rana Mascariensis, 407 Rat, only aboriginal animal of New Zealand, 455 Rats at Galapagos, 403 at Keeling Island, 485 at Ascension, 523 Rattlesnake, species with allied habit, 100 Red snow, 345 Reduvius, 352 Reef at Pernambuco of sandstone, 529 Reefs of coral, 495 to 512 barrier, 498, 504 fringing, 501 Reeks, Mr., analysis of salt, 68 bones, 164 salt and shells, 394 Remains, human, elevated, 394 Remedies of the Gauchos, 135 Rengger on the horse, 247 Reptiles absent in Tierra del Fuego, 252 at Galapagos, 407 Respiration difficult in Andes, 344 Retrospect, 51 Revolutions at Buenos Ayres, 149 Rhea Darwinii (Avestruz Petise), 110 Rhinoceroses live in desert countries, 92 frozen, 93, 264 Rhynchops nigra, 145, 146 Richardson, Dr., on mice of North America, 404 on frozen soil, 92, 263 on eating fat, 123 on geographical distribution, 139 on polished rocks, 267 Rimsky atoll, 496 Rio de Janeiro, 19 to 39 Botofogo Bay, 19 Plata, 40 Negro, 65, 192 Colorado, 73 Sauce, 112 Salado, 124 S. Cruz, 187 River-courses dry in America, 113 Rivers, power of, in wearing channels, 191, 339 Rocks burnished with ferruginous matter, 12 Rodents, number of, in America, 51, 189 fossil species of, 87 Rolor, General, 149 Ruins of Callao, 391 of Indian buildings in Cordillera, 380, 382 SALADO, RIO, 124 Saladillo river, 134 Salinas at the Galapagos Archipelago, 402 in Patagonia, 66, 177 Saline efflorescences, 81 Salt with vegetable food, 116 superficial crust of, 388 with elevated shells, 393 San Carlos, 313 Nicolas, 133, 147 Felipe, 276 Pedro, 299 Pedro, forests of, 299 Lorenzo Island, 393 Sand-dunes, 78 Sand, hot from sun’s rays, at Galapagos Archipelago, 403 noise from friction of, 385 Sandstone of New South Wales, 465 reef of, 529 Sandwich Archipelago, no frogs at, 407 Land, 263 Santa Cruz, river of, 187 Santiago, Chile, 282 Sarmiento, Mount, 247, 256 Sauce, Rio, 112, 371 Saurophagus sulphureus, 55 Scarus eating corals, 494 Scelidotherium, 86 Scenery of Andes, 335 to 341 Scissor-tail, 147 Scoresby, Mr., on effects of snow on rocks, 340 Scorpions, cannibals, 165 Scrope, Mr., on earthquakes, 376 Sea, open, inhabitants of, 172 phosphorescence of, 172 explosions in, 327 Seals, number of, 303 Seaweed, growth of, 253 Seeds transported by sea, 418, 484 Serpulæ, 529 Sertularia, protecting reef, 494 Shark killed by Diodon, 14 Shaw, Dr., on lion’s flesh, 122 Sheep, infected, 464 Shelley, lines on Mont Blanc, 178 Shells, land, in great numbers, 368 tropical forms of, far south, 258 fossil, of Cordillera, 343 decomposition of, with salt, 393 of Galapagos, 416 at St. Helena, 519 Shongi, New Zealand chief, 447 Siberia compared with Patagonia, 69 zoology of, related to North America, 140 Siberian animals, how preserved in ice, 264 food necessary during their existence, 93, 96 Sierra de la Ventana, 112 Tapalguen, 119 Silicified trees, 354, 376 Silurian formations at Falkland Islands, 207 Silurus, habits of, 144 Sivatherium, 155 Skunks, 83 Smelling power of carrion-hawks, 195 Smith, Dr. Andrew, on the support of large quadrupeds, 88 on perforated pebbles, 158 Snake, venomous, 100 Snow, effects of, on rocks, 340 prismatic structure of, 347 red, 345 Socêgo, 23 Society, state of, in La Plata, 42, 165 state of, in Australia, 471, 474 Archipelago, 440 volcanic phenomena at, 505, 510 Soda, nitrate of, 388 sulphate of, 81 Soil, frozen, 92, 263 South American bit, 338 Spawn on surface of sea, 17 Species, distribution of, 136, 391 extinction of, 182 Spiders, habits of, 37 to 39 gossamer, 169 killed by and killing wasps, 37 to 39 on Keeling Island, 485 on St. Paul’s, 10 Spurs of Guaso, 275 Springs, hot, 281 Stevenson, Mr., on growth of seaweed, 253 St. Helena, 517 Jago, C. Verds, 1 unhealthiness of, 390 Paul’s rocks, 8 Fé, 135 Maria, elevated, 333, 338 introduction of spirits into, 439 Louis, Mauritius, 513 Stinging animals, 493 Stones perforated, 158, 285 transported in roots, 490 Storm, 223, 300 in Cordillera, 338, 374 Streams of stones at Falkland Islands, 207 Strongylus, 34 Struthio rhea, 44, 94 Darwinii, 97 Strzelecki, Count, 476 Suadiva atoll, 496 Subsidence of coral-reefs, 495 to 512 of Patagonia, 180 of Cordillera, 343, 355 of Coasts of Chile, 354 cause of distinctness in Tertiary epochs, 367 of coast of Peru, 379 of Keeling Island, 496, 504 of Vanikoro, 504 of coral-reefs great in amount, 509 Sulphate of lime, 69, 180, 386 soda with common salt, 69, 81, 386 soda incrusting the ground, 81 Swainson, Mr., on cuckoos, 54 Sydney, 459 TABANUS, 180 Tahiti (Otaheite), 429 three zones of fertility, 432 Fatahua fall, 436 Christianity in, 437, 441 Tahitian, 438 Tambillos, Ruinas de, 380 Tameness of birds, 425 Tandeel, pumas at, 287 Tapacolo and Turco, 288 Tapalguen, Sierra, flat hills of quartz, 122 Tarn, Mount, 249 Tasmania, 474 Tattooing, 430, 439 Temperance of the Tahitians, 438 Temperature of Tierra del Fuego and Falkland Islands, 244 of Galapagos, 399, 403 Tercero, Rio, fossils in banks of, 134 Terraces in valleys of Cordillera, 337 of Patagonia, 181, 190 of Coquimbo, 367 Tertiary formations of the Pampas, 86, 136, 165 of Patagonia, 180, 349 in Chile, epochs of, 368 Teru-tero, habits of, 120 Testudo, two species of, 420 Abingdonii, 397 nigra, habits of, 408 Theory of lagoon-islands, 499 Theristicus melanops, 175 Thunder-storms, 63 Ti, liliaceous plant, 437 Tierra del Fuego, 215 to 257 climate and vegetation of, 250, 257 zoology of, 251 entomology of, 253 Tinamus rufescens, 119 Tinochorus rumicivorus, 98 Toad, habits of, 101 not found in oceanic islands, 407 Torrents in Cordillera, 338, 343 Tortoise, habits of, 408, 420 Transparency of air in Andes, 358 in St. Jago, 4 Transport of boulders, 190, 262 of fragments of rock on banks of the St. Cruz river, 190 of seeds, 418, 484 of stones in roots of trees, 491 Travertin with leaves of trees, Van Diemen’s Land, 479 Tree-ferns, 478 southern limits of, 258 Trees, absence of, in Pampas, 48 time required to rot, 322 silicified, vertical, 376 size of, 377 floating, transport stones, 490 Tres Montes, 301 Trichodesmium, 15 Trigonocephalus, 100 Trochilus forficatus, 268 Tropical scenery, 526 Tschudi, M., on subsidence, 393 Tubes, siliceous, formed by lightning, 61 Tucutuco, habits of, 52 fossil species of, 87 Tuff, craters of, 398 infusoria in, 525 Tupungato, volcano of, 347 Turco, El, 288 Turtle, manner of catching, 488 Type of organisation in Galapagos Islands, American, 423 Types of organisation in different countries, constant, 182 Tyrannus savana, 147 ULLOA on hydrophobia, 377 on Indian buildings, 380 Unanùe, Dr., on hydrophobia, 377 Uruguay, Rio, 147, 152 not crossed by the Bizcacha, 131 Uspallata range and pass, 353 VACAS, RIO, 355 Valdivia, 318 forests of, 319, 322 Valley of St. Cruz, how excavated, 190 dry, at Copiapó, 380 Valleys, excavation of, in Chile, 343, 383 of New South Wales, 46 in Cordillera, 343 of Tahiti, 437, 439 Vampire bat, 22, 23 Van Diemen’s Land, 474 Vanellus cayanus, 120 Vanessa, flocks of, 168 Vanikoro, 500, 504 Vapour from forests, 25 Vegetation of St. Helena, changes of, 519 luxuriant, not necessary to support large animals, 89 on opposite sides of Cordillera, 349 Ventana, Sierra, 71, 112 Verbena melindres, 42 Vilipilli, 315 Villa Vicencio, 353 Villarica volcano, 332 Virgin forest, 25 Virgularia Patagonica, 104 Volcanic bombs, 524 cellular formation of, 524 islands, 8 phenomena, 331 their presence determined by elevation or subsidence, 496 WADERS, first colonists of distant islands, 405 Waimate, New Zealand, 452 Waiomio, 456 Walckenaer on spiders, 39 Walleechu tree, 71 Wasps preying on spiders and killed by, 37 to 39 Water-hog (Hydrochærus capybara), 51 Water-serpents, 103 Water sold at Iquique, 386 Water, fresh, floating on salt, 41, 487 Waterhouse, Mr., on Rodents, 51, 485 on the niata ox, 156 on the insects of Tierra del Fuego, 253 of Galapagos, 406, 417 on the terrestrial mammals of Galapagos, 403 Waves caused by fall of ice, 237, 260 from earthquakes, 326, 330 Weather, connection with earthquakes, 375 Weatherboard, N.S. Wales, 465 Weeds in New Zealand, imported, 455 Weight of large quadrupeds, 88 Wellington, Mount, 477 Wells, ebbing and flowing, 487 at Iquique, 388 West Indies, banks of sediment, 468