been given, Clodius'a mob began to spit upon our party. IndigDation rose to a great height; they began to press on in order to drive us from our seats. A rush was made upon them by our party; and a flight of the mob took place. Clodius was driven from the rostrum, and we too then fled, lest we should meet with any accident in the confusion. The seciate was summoned to the senate<house; Pompey went home. Nor did I indeed attend tbe senate, that I migbt neither be silent on matters of such impai'tauce, nor oSend the feelings of the well-afieoted citizens, by defending Pompey; for he was attacked by Bibulus, and Curio, and Favonius, and the jDUOger Servilius. The matter was put off till the nest day. Clodius deferrred the day of impeachment to the Quirinalia. 3. On the 9th of February, tbe senate met in the temple of Apollo, in order that Pompey might be present. Tbe nuitta- was bandied by him witli great gravity. On that day nothing was done. On the 10th of February, a decree of senate was made in the temple of ApoUo, "That what bad been done on the 6tb of February had been contrary to tiae of tbe republic." Oa that day Cato iirjeV^ei I CICERO B UilTEltS against Pompey with great Tehemence; and tliroiagliout liia whole speech accuaed him as if he had been upon his trial. Of me, much against my will, he said a great deal; estolling me very highly; and wbea he exposed Porapey'a treachery towards me, he was listened to with profound silence by the disaffected. Pompey replied to him with great euergy, and gave a character of Crafisua, and said in plain words, that ha would be better prepared to defend his life than Afi'icunus had been, whom Caiua Carbo had killed, 4. Thuagreatmatteraappearedtorae to bo in agitation; for Pompey understands these things, aud communicates them to me, being well aware that plots are formed against his life; that Cains Cato is supported by Crassus, that money is fur- nished to Clodiua, and that both of tham are encouraged by him, by Curio, and Bibulua, and the rest of those who are always disparaging him; and that he has to take the moat diligent care not to be overwhelmed, while the populace which attends all the asaemhlies is almost entirely alienated from him; while the nobility is hostile to him, the senate un- favourable, and the youth of the city corrupted. He is, therefore, preparing himself, and sending for people from the country. And Clodius is strengthening his mob of artisans. A strong force is facing prepared far the Quirinalia, and in that respect we are much superior to the number of Pompey'a adherents. But a great body of meu is also espected from Picenum and Gaul, that we may also resist Cato's motions about Milo and Lentulus.
6. On the 10th of February, Sestiua was impeached under the Pupinian law by Outeus Neriiis the informer, on a charge of corruption, and on the same day by a certain Marcus Tnlliua for violence. He was sick. Immediately, aa it was our duty to do, we went to see him at his house, aud pro- mised our entire energies to hia service; and we did this con- trary to the general eicpeotation, (as men thought that we were with reason offended with him,) in order to appear both to him aud to all men to be of a most humane and grateful disposition. And so we shall continue to do.
But this same informer, Nerius, added to the number of those whom he aftirmed to be his accomplices, Cnraus LentuluB Vaccias, and Caiua Cornelius. On the same day, a vote of the senate was pa*eed, that all the different com- pam'e^ and those who belonged to tlie different decurite, TO HI3 BROTHEB QDniTUS.
Aould depart; and that a law should be enacted respecting Ibem, to the efTect, that those who should not depart, should be liable to the punishment whicii is inflicted for violence.
6. On the 1 1th of February 1 made a speech in defence of Bestia, who was accused of corruption before Cnrcua Domjtiiis the praetor, in the middle of the forum, in the presenco of a Taat crowd of people, and while speaking, I happened to touch upon that occasion when Sestius, after receiving many tt-cunds in the temple of Castor, was saved by the assistance of Bestia. Here I very seasonably made the best of those things which were imputed to SsBtiua as crimes, and I extolled him with well-deaervcd praises, with the great approbation of all men. The affair was exceedingly grateful to the man. And I mention this to you now, because in your letters you have often given me a hint on keeping well with Sestius.
7. On the 12th of February I wrote this letter before daybreak; on that day I was goiug to sup with Poraponius on the occasion of his marriage. Everything elso in our af&ira of this natme is, as you described to me, though I could hardly believe you, full of dignity and influence, which have been restored both to you and to me, my brother, in consequence of your pnidenca, patience, integrity, piety, and courteonsnoss. Tho house of Liciniua at the grove of Piso is hired for you; but I hope that within a few months after the 1st of Jidy, you will move into your ovm. Those elegant tenants, the Lamiae, have hired your house in the Carinte, I have never received any letter from you since that which was dated at Olbia, I want to know what you are doing, and tow you are amusing yourself; and above all things, I want to see you aa soon as possible. Take care to preserve your health, my brother, and though it is winter, recollect that it is a Sardinian^ winter.
i5th February.
LETTER IV. Mareui io 7im hrotherJ^uiTitus, greeting.
1. Our friend Sestius was acq^nitted on the 14th of March, Ud be was acquitted unanimously; a point which was of ■ Sardinia had a bud ciararfBr 88 an unhealthy iBlanA.
ciciiBo s LErmats ciciiBo s LErmats very great importance to the republic, tlint there slionld appear to be no difference of opinion in a canse of that kind. Aa to that other object too, which I knew was often a cause of aaidaty to you, nameJy, that we sliould give no oppor- tunity to any ill-dispoBed person to censure us, (who might say ^t we were ungrateful if we did not bear witli that man's perveraCQeas in some particulars as patiently as pos- sible,) you may be assured that we completely attained it in that trial, so that I wsb considered to have displayed the greatest possible sense of gratitude; for in defending the ill-terapered man I abundantly satiafitid him; and, for my own gratifi-cation, I, as he was above all things desirous should be done, cut up Vatiniua, by whom he was openly attacked, amid the applauae of gods and men. Moreover, when our friend Paullus was produced as an evideuce against SeetiuH, he confirmed the statement that he was going to lay an information against Vatinins, if Macer Liciniua delayed to do so; when Macer rose from the seats occupied by the friends of Sestius, and declared that he would not feil to stand by bim Would yon know the resultT Tatinius, petulant and audacious aa he is, went away in great agitation, and greatly weakened in hia in9ueiice.
2. Your son Quintus, a most escellent boy, is going on with his education remarkably well; aud I have now the more opportunity of noticing this, aa Tyraunio gives him lessons at my honse. The building of botii our honsas is going on vigorously. I have provided for the payment of half his money to your contractor; and I hope that before the winter we shall be both living together under one roof. Respecting my daughter Tullia, a girl wHo is i-cally very much attached to you, I hope that I have concluded matters with CrasBipes.* There wei-e two days after the I^atin holidays which are accounted sacred, or else it would have been settled. Latiar* was going ****** ' Tulliai WIS a widow now. Her first fauaband bad been Luoius CalpumiuH Piso Frugi. She now married JuaiuB Craesippa. After his death, abe marrisd DolabdJa.
' There ia aome eiTDr in the MS. here. This name is moat likely wrong; and the ead of Uie letter Deems to be loet. There is aome difliBreaca of opinion betweoa the Tsrioua editors, bb to the division of this, and one or two of the sobaequent letters. I have followed the a/d airaitgeineatf which is tdao adc^^ed bf Nobbe.
mtoZHEB qunncs.
Marcut to Iiis brother Quintua, greeting.
I TTAn written yon a letter before, in ■which it vaa mcn- ficmed that my daaghter TuUia waa betrothed to CrasHipea on the 4th of April; aiid I gave you also other details of the Bflaars of the republic, and of my own private matteiB. The following particulars have taken place Bince: — Ou the 5th of April, a sum of money, to the amount of more than three himdred and twenty thousand pounds,' was voted ta Pompey, hy a decree of the aenate, to purchase com for the city. But on the same day tliere was a violent discuaaion about the lands in Campania, with ao nprwir in the senate almost equal to that of an assembly of the people. The want of money, and the high price of com, made the dispute Bharper.
2. Imuatnot omit to mention this either. TheCapitoline* college, and the priests of Mercury, have erpelled Marcns Furius Flaccus, a Roman kntgtit, and a most worthleES fellow, from the oollogc, though he was present when they came to the decision, and threw himself at the feet of every one of them.
I LETTEE VI.
Manoi Cicero to his brother Qtiintus, greetinij.
Os the 6th of April I gave the wedding-feast to Craa- Bnt at this banquet that excellent boy, your and ' HSOCOC. Paul Manutiug considera tint quairinffeiilies cmtma BiZfui nwmmUm is mennb, t,;. 40,000 BestBrtia, or Bomethuig mora thaii *320,000..Let it be observed, hnwe^w, that with regard to moat, or - all, cf tbe sums of muuej mentionsd in these lettera, there is very great nnaertuiiitf.
» The CapitoliuB college consiated of men dweUing in tto Capitol «ntl in the citadel, of ■whom Camirufl made n college, for the purpose of ■nporintending the games in honour of Jupiter Capi^tolinuB, which, wero "" ''tilted fur the preservation of the CspitoL See livy, ■v. Miwy Quintus, was not present, because he had taken some slight offence; and therefore, two days afterwards, I went to QuintuB, and found him quite candid; and he held a long conversation with me, full of good feeling, about the qnarrela of our wives. What would you have more? Nothing could be in better taste than his language. Pompouia, however, made Bome complaints of you; but these matters we will discuss when we meet.
3. When T left the boy I went into your grounds; the business was going on with pleaty of buildera, I urged Longilius, the contractor, to make haste. He assured me positively that he was anxious to give ua satisfaction. It will be a, very tine house, for a better notion could now be formed of it thoJi we had conceived irom the plan. At the same time, my house, too, was going on with great speed. That day I supped with Crassipea; and after supper I went in a litter to Bee Pompey at his villa. I had not been able to meet Lucceius, because he was away, and J was very anxious to see him, because I was going to leave Rome the next day, and because he was going to Sardinia. At last I found the man, and begged him to send you back to ua as soon aa possible. He said he would do 80 immediately. And he was going to sot out as he said on the 1 1th of April, with the intention of embarking cither at Leghorn or at Pisa.
3. As soon OS he shall have arrived, my brother, do not let slip the first opportunity for sailing, provided the weather be favourable. Tliat abundance (o^^iXai^ut) which you are in the habit of talking of, I desire sufficiently; that is to say, so as to receive it willingly if it comes, but not so as now to hunt for it if it keeps out of my way. I am building in three places; restoring and embellishing in others; I live a little more liberally than I used to do. If I had you with me, I should be forced to give a little play to the masons; but, as I hope, we shall soon talk these things over together.
4. Affairs at Rome, however, are in the following con- dition:— Lentulua makes a very good consul, his colleague offering no hindrance; indeed he is, I repeat, bo good, that a better. He prevented anything whatever being done in the day« of the comitia; for even the Latin holidays mBire renewed; and yet supplications were not wanting.
TO HXB BROTnER IJUIKTOS.
5, In tliia manner some most pernicious lawB folly resisted, especially those jiroposed by Cato, wht fiiead Milo has admirably baffled. For that avenger i gladiatora and matadors had bought some matadors from CoBConlus and Pomponiua, and never appeared in public without a troop of them aimed. He could not maintain thetn, BO that he could scarcely keep them about him. Jlilu became aware of tliis; and gave a commission to a man Tvho was no particular friend of hie, to buy the whole establish- ment from Cato without any euspiciou; and as soon as it was renidved from Cato'a house, EaciliuSj who at this moment is the only real tribune of the people, divulged the whole matter, and said that those men had been bought for him, (for so it had been agreed upon,) and stuck up a notice, that he was going to sell the establishment of gladiators and matadors belon^ng to Cato. Much laughter followed this itnnouu cement. So uow Lontulus has tired Cato of proposing new laws, aa well as those persons who proposed those mon- etroua enactments with reference to Ctesar, which no one chose to impede by his veto, Foi' aa to what Caninius intended about Pompey, that hag doubtless cooled consider- ablyj suice tho thing itself is disapproved; and our friend Pompey is much blamed for his conduct with respect to Lentulus,^ who had behayed to him in a ftiendly monnei*. And indeed he is not the some person that he used to bo; for he has given no slight offence by his exertions on behalf of Milo to those most infamous and despicable dregs of the people that adhere to Clodius; and the well-disposed citizens, too, want a good deal which they do not find in him, and bUme a good deal which they do.
In one respect Marceilinua indeed does not satisfy me; which is this, that he treats him with too much asperity; although he does this not at all against the will of the senate. On this account I withdraw with the less reluctance from the senftte-house and from all conne^on with public affoirs.
6. With respect to law proceedings, we are much in the same state that wo wore; my house ia thronged by the ' LentuluB Imd been the priacipul mennjs of the comiuiesion to Boj^ly Rome with food beiug entrusted to Pompey; who, however, endeavoured to deprivo him of the honour of beuig appointed t voured to deprivu him n « Ptolemy to hia kiugdom, so C[CEIH>8 LETTERS gi-eatest orowda of people imagiuable. One thing has hap- pened unpleasantly, through the imprudence ol' Milo, with respect to Sextua Cceliua, whom I did not wish to be prose- ciited at this time, or by accusers who wanted influence. He just wanted three votes of the moat worthleas men on the bench; and so the people insiat upon it that the man shall be tried again; awd tried again he must be. for men will not bear it. And because he was almost couvicted while pleading hia cause before hia own friends, they look upon him ss yir- tualiy convicted. In that matter also the unpopularity of Pompey was a hindrance to us: for the votfis of the senators acquitted him by a majority; those of the knights were equally balanced; those of the tribunes of the treasury con- demned him. But the daily convictions of some or other of my enemies console me for this disappointment, among whom Servius had a vety narrow escape, to my great joy; the rest are entirely crushed. Cains Cato made a speech, to the effect that he would not permit the comitia to be held if the days for doing business were taken away from the people. Appius had not yet returned from Crasar.
7. I am amaaingly anxious for a letter from you. And I am aware that till this time the sea has been impassable; but still people said that some pereona had come from Ostia, who extolled you in an extraordinary degree; and said that you were very highly esteemed in the province. They added, that the same persona brought word, that you intended to cross at the iirat opportunity for sailing. I hope you will: but although I am most desirous of all to see yourself, still I hope for a letter from you first. My brother, fai'ewell.
LETTER Til.
MarcHB io hu brother Quinlm, greeting.
On the 11th of April 1 dictated this letter to you before daybreak, and wrote on the road, with the purpose of staying that day with Titus Titius in the neighbotu'hood of Anagnia, But I thought of staying the next day at Laterium,^ and from thence, after remaining four or five days in the neigh- ' Laterium was n couiitry-houHB of Quintiia Cicero, in the iiei£hbouthood of Arpiuuin.
TO HIB BROTHEB QtriMTDS, fil boarbood of Arpinum, to go to the neighbourhood of Poropeii, ud on my return to View the country about Cumte, in order that, as Milo's trial is fixed for tLe 7th of May, I niiglit arrive Kt Borne the day before, and on that day, as I hoped, might >ee you, my dearest and moat beloved brother. It hiiB Beenied wdl to me that the banning of the building at Arcanum^ should be stopped till you airive. Take cai-e of your health, my brother, and come aa goou us possible.
LETTER Vni. M'ircuM Cicero to his brotlier Quint'u, greel'mg.
1. O LETTBH of yours, most acceptable to me, long ex- pected, at first indeed with eager desire, but now even witJi some apprehension. Know, too, that this is the only letter which I have received since that which your sailor brought me, and dated from Olbia. But let everytliing else, as you aay in your letter, be reserved till -we can talk it over toge- Orer. Tet this one thing I cannot forbear to mention. On the 15th of May the senate, being very crowded, was most admirably disposed, as it showed by refusing a EupplicatioQ in honour of Gabinius.' Bacillus eweare that such a thing never happened to any one before. It is very well received out- of-doOTB. To me it is agreeable on its own account, and more agreeable, because the decision was made in my absence, (for it e^reasea tlie real sentiments of the senate,) and without any opposition or influence of mine. I was at Antium at the time.
2. Kb to what was said, namely, that there would be a dis- CQ^OD, on the fifteenth and the day after, on the subject of the lands in Campania, there was no discussion. Wliat I myself should say on the subject, I am in doubt; but I eliail probably say more than I had intended, for he will be present. Farewell, my moat esuellent and most wished-for brother, and hasten to me. Our children make you the same request; beg^ng you to be aure to naiud this, that you will sup here wben you oome.
' Arcununi was another tiIIb belonging to Quiiitus. ' QaWtiiUB, aa proooasul ot Syria, had gaiued aome trifling advan- t^w over Ule Arabs ou ttie froutlen of the pruvhiue.
1 I CkCXSOB LSn^BS LETTER IX.
TIu* letter wtt vntten tbe jtar aflcr Ihoae jireceding. in the conaul- «lup of Fampey uid Caatat; both for Uie second time. Their election hul heeai cazried aguiut ifae aoute bj the m<ut open tio- lenoe. tScero, who had. oSraded Hie trinniTiia by his oppoeition to • Cssir'i igruim law, wu uixiaiu to reunite himBelf to them.
Mareus Cicero to KU hntker Quinlui, greeting. 1. I HAD a euspicion that my book woiJd pleaso youj that it has pleased you so much as you write that it has, I am greatly delighted. As to what you remiod me about our L'rania, and advise me to remember the speech of Jupiter, which iii at the end of that book, 1 remember it well enough, aiid hare written all those tiuogs more to please myself than others.
2. But BtiiJ, the day after you went, I went, late at night, with Yibullius to call upon Pompey; and when I had talked to I""' about these works and inscriptions, he answered me with exceeding kindness, and gave me great hopes. Ho said that he should like to talk with Crassua, and advised me to do the same. I attended Crassoa as consul home from the senate; he undertook the b-iainess, and said that there was a point which Clodius, at this moment, was very desirous to caiTy by means of his and Pumpey'a assistance; and that ho thought, if I threw no olibtacle in his way, that I might obtain what I wished without any struggle. I entrusted the whole afiair to him, ajid said that I would leave myself entirely in his hands. Publius Crassua was present at this conversation; a yoimg mau, as you aro aware, devotedly attached to me. J^ow, what Clodius wants is some embassy; and if ho cannot obtain it from the senate, he would have it by means of the people; a free embassy ' to Byzantium, or ' Tbe l-aXiaUlegiitio libera, "During tbe liitterjieriod of the republic it liad liecome cuatomnry for aanatocB to obtain from tbe Beuato pcrmis- lion to tniTel througlt or etsy in any proTince, Bt the eipcDSe of the pro- vinuials, merely for the purpose of managing and qonduoting their own pereonal afikire. There w.ib no restmint as tu the length of time the sens' tors were allowed to Bvail themeelTes of this pririlege, which was a, heavy burden on the proviiicials. Tbia mode of Bojouming in a province was called Itsalh lilera, becaoEB those who availed themselves of it enjoyed TO HIS BROTHER QCINTUB. S3 to Brogitaros, or to both. It is a means for making a great deal of money, I shali not give myself much trouble oa the subject, even though I do not obtain what I want myself. However, Pompey talked the matter over with Crassus; and they seem to have undertaken the business. If they do so, well; if not, then we wilt return to our Jupiter.^ 3. On the 13th of May, a, decree of the senate was passed on the subject of corruption, in. accordance with the opinion of Afraniua, on which 1 apoka when you were pre- sent; but with great indignation on the part of the senate. Tlie consuls did not follow up their opinions; and when they had expressed their assent to Afranius's proposal, they itdded a wisli that the pi'eotors should be created in such a manner as to leave them private individuals for aisty days. On that day they plainly repudiated Oato. In short, they are absolute masters of everytliing, and they wish every one to be naze that that is the case.
1 1 LETTER X. Marcus to his hrollter Qidniics, greeiinff. 1. You are afraid of interrupting me. In the fii-st place. If I were as much occupied as you fancy, you know what alone can Xie properly called interruption. Does Ateiua ever interrupt yon'i In truth, you seemed to mo to teach me a d^ree of politonesa on that head which I certainly never practice towards you. 1 would wish you to summon mo, and interrupt mo, and put in your word, and convcrae with me; for what can be more agreeable to mo! Upon my word, no Mase-Gtricken poetaster more gladly reads his Inst poem than I listen to you on every subject, public or piivato, nu-al or dviL But it happened tlirough my own stupid shamefaced- ttesa, that when I was going away, I did not take you with ■11 the privileges of a pnblic ambasaodor, witbout having aaj of liig dtttiaa to perfano. In Cicero's time this practice was greatly abused; and in liia couaulrtiip he endeavoured to put iin end to it^ but only racoeeded in limiting ita durntion to one year. And Ccg«u' afterwards •Etanded tlie time ^aiu to flvi- ycarH, which enaotmeat laeted down to aver; late period,"— Smith, Diet. Ant. ' It is not known what thia book wna.
CICERO S LETTERS CICERO S LETTERS me. On one occasion, you opposed to my wishes an excuse which there was no gainsaying — the dehcate health of our dear Cicero: I had nothing to say. A second time you urged the Cieeros: again I ceased to preaa you.
2. But now this letter of yours, so full of agreeableness, haa caused me this trifle of annoyance, that you seem to me to have feared, and still to fear, leat you should be trouble- some to me. I could quarrel with you, if it were allowable; but in truth, if I ever suspect nujthing of the sort, I will say nothing further, but that I shall be afraid lest I should ever be troublesome to you, when I am with you. I see that you groan. This ia the case — for I will never say, la riaat.
And I would, indeed, havo forced my friend Marins into the litter with me; not that Aniciaii one of king Ptolemy. For 1 recollect when I was taking the man to Baite from Naples, in the litter given by the king to Auicius, which was borne by eight meu, with a hundred guards following us, we were laughing exceedingly, when he, not aware of the escort which was ftccorapanying him, snddenly opened the litter, and almost fell to the ground with fear, while I did the same with laughing. On that occaaioii, I say, 1 should certainly have taken him with me, so as at last to enjoy some of the subtlety of his antique wit, and most agreeable conversation; but I did not hke to invite a man in a weak state of health, and who is not even now very strong, to a villa which was hardly covered in.
3, But this indeed will he a peculiar pleasure to me, to enjoy hia society here too: for you rniist know that the light of Marius^ is in the neighbourhood of those farms of mine; we shall see at Anicius's house in what state of forwardnesa hia affairs are. Tor as for ourselves, we are so desirous to acquire information of any sort, that wo can even.endure living among masons. We have this pliilosophy, not from Hymettus, but from the Syrian school. Marina is weak both in health and by nature.
' It is not knovm wheuce these quototiona come, or to what Cicero alludes in them.
' I.I., EajB Mnnutiua, MariuB, who is ns welcome as the light.
'BIS BBOIBER QUIKTUS.
[ts much ^1 you will ^1 4. In r^ard of your interruptiouB, I wiil take as time from your visit, fur tlio purpoeo of writing, give me. I wish you would give me none, so that I may be idle rather from your ill-treatment, than irom nij own indolence. I am sorry that you are so anxious about the commonwealth, and that you are a better citizen than Phi- loctetes, who, after he had received aa hijury, sought those sort of spectaclee which I see are disagreeable to yon. I entreat you hasten to me; I will comfort you, and wipe away all yonr sorrow, And, if you love me, bring Maiius witfi you; but come quiokly. I have a garden at home.
LETTER XI.
This letter waa written in tbe year TOO A.D.C., in the consuUhip of JJomitJuB and Appius Pulc^ber- In the preceding year, Cicero had done tJH beet to ingratiate himself witb Pompey, who bad paid him a visit: and after Ctaaaua had departed for hie pruTiuoe of Syria, be •tuidied also to gain his good-wiJl; but he applied hinmelf at this Uina mora to pbUoaopby than to politics. Qiiiutiis went Ujib year ixto Qaul aa aoe of CaBsar'a liautenanta.
Marem Cici