te a bonis, infer patriae bellum, [5]exsulta impio latrocinio, ut a me non ejectus ad alienos, sed invitatus ad tuos esse videaris.
24. [1]Quamquam quid ego te invitem, a quo jam sciam esse praemissos, [2]qui tibi ad Forum Aurelium praestolarentur armati? Cui sciam [3]pactam et constitutam cum Manlio diem. A quo etiam [4]aquilam illam argenteam, quam tibi ac tuis omnibus perniciosam esse confido ac funestam futuram, [5]cui domi tuae sacrarium scelerum tuorum constitutum fuit, sciam esse praemissam? [6]Tu ut illa diutius carere possis, quam venerari ad caedem proficisens solebas, a cujus [7]altaribus saepe istam impiam dexteram ad necem civium transtulisti.
X.--25. Ibis tandem aliquando, quo te jam pridem ista [1]cupiditas effrenata ac furiosa rapiebat. Neque enim tibi haec res adfert dolorem, sed [2]quandam incredibilem voluptatem. [3]Ad hanc te amentiam natura peperit, voluntas exercuit, fortuna servavit. Nunquam tu [4]non modo [5]otium, sed ne bellum quidem, nisi [6]nefarium concupisti. [7]Nanctus es ex perditis atque ab omni non modo fortuna, verum etiam spe derelictis [8]conflatam, improborum manum. 26. [1]Hic tu qua laetitia perfruere! quibus gaudiis exsultabis! quanta in voluptate bacchabere, cum in tanto numero tuorum neque audies virum bonum quemquam neque videbis. [2]Ad hujus vitae studium meditati illi sunt qui feruntur labores tui, jacere humi, non solum [3]ad obsidendum stuprum, verum etiam [4]ad facinus obeundum, vigilare non solum insidiantem somno maritorum, verum etiam bonis [5]otiosorum. [6]Habes, ubi ostentes, illam tuam praeclaram patientiam famis, frigoris, inopiae verum omnium, [7]quibus te brevi tempore conectum senties. 27. [1]Tantum profeci tum, [2]cum te a consulatu reppuli, ut [3]exsul potius tentare quam consul vexare rem publicam posses atque ut id, quod est abs te scelerate susceptum, latrocinium potius quam bellum nominaretur.
XI.--Nunc ut a me, patres conscripti, quandam prope justam patriae querimoniam [4]detester ac deprecer, percipite, [5]quaeso, diligenter quae dicam, et ea penitus animis vestris mentibusque mandate. Etenim si mecum patria, quae mihi vita mea multo carior est, si cuncta Italia, si omnis res publica sic [6]loquatur; ‘M. Tulli, quid agis? [7]Tune eum, quem esse hostem comperisti, quem ducem belli futurum vides, quem exspectari imperatorem in castris hostium sentis, auctorem sceleris, principem conjurationis, [8]evocatorem servorum et civium perditorum, exire patiere, ut abs te non [9]emissus ex urbe, sed immisus in urbem videatur? Nonne [10]hunc in vincula duci, non ad mortem rapi, non summo supplicio [11]mactari imperabis? 28. Quid [1]tandem te impedit? Mosne majorum? [2]At persaepe etiam privati in hac re publica perniciosos cives morte multarunt. [3]An leges, quae de civium Romanorum supplicio [4]rogatae sunt? At nunquam in hac urbe, qui a re publica defecerunt, civium jura tenuerunt. An invidiam posteritatis times? [5]Praeclaram vero populo Romano refers gratiam, qui te, [6]hominem per te cognitum, nulla commendatione majorum tam mature ad summum imperium per omnes honorum gradus extulit, si [7]propter invidiam aut alicujus periculi metum salutem civium tuorum neglegis. 29. Sed si quis est invidiae metus, [1]num est vehementius severitatis ac fortitudinis invidia quam inertiae ac nequitiae pertimescenda? An cum bello vastabitur Italia, vexabuntur urbes, tecta ardebunt, tum te non existimas invidiae incendio conflagraturum?’
XII.--His ego sanctissimis rei publicae vocibus et eorum hominum, qui hoc idem sentiunt, mentibus pauca respondebo. Ego, si hoc optimum [2]factu [3]judicarem, patres conscripti, Catilinam morte multari, [4]unius usuram horae [5]gladiatori isti, ad vivendum non dedissem.
[6]Etenim si [7]summi viri et clarissimi cives Saturnini et Gracchorum et Flacci et superiorum complurium sanguine non modo se non contaminarunt, sed etiam [8]honestarunt, certe verendum mihi non erat, ne quid hoc parricida civium interfecto invidiae mihi in posteritatem redundaret. Quodsi ea mihi maxime impenderet, tamen hoc animo fui semper, ut invidiam virtute partam gloriam, non invidiam putarem.
30. [1]Quamquam nonnulli sunt in hoc ordine, [2]qui aut ea quae imminent non videant, aut quae vident dissimulent: [3]qui spem Catilinae mollibus sententiis aluerunt conjurationemque nascentem non credendo corroboraverunt; quorum auctoritatem secuti multi, non solum improbi, verum etiam imperiti, [4]si in hunc animadvertissem, crudeliter et regie factum esse dicerent. Nunc intellego, si iste, quo intendit, in Manliana castra [5]pervenerit, neminem tam stultum fore qui non videat conjurationem esse factam, neminem tam improbum qui non fateatur. Hoc autem uno interfecto intellego hanc rei publicae pestem [6]paulisper reprimi, non in perpetuum comprimi posse. Quodsi [7]se ejecerit secumque suos eduxerit et eodem [8]ceteros undique collectos naufragos adgregaverit, exstinguetur atque delebitur non modo haec [9]tam adulta rei publicae pestis, verum etiam stirps ac semen malorum omnium.
XIII.--31. Etenim [1]jam diu, patres conscripti, in his periculis conjurationis insidiisque versamur, sed nescio quo pacto [2]omnium scelerum ac veteris furoris et audaciae maturitas in nostri consulatus tempus erupit. Quodsi [3]ex tanto latrocinio iste unus tolletur, videbimur fortasse ad breve quoddam tempus cura et metu esse relevati, periculum autem residebit et erit inclusum penitus in venis atque [4]in visceribus rei publicae. Ut saepe homines aegri morbo gravi, [5]cum aestu febrique jactantur, si aquam gelidam [6]biberunt, primo relevari videntur, deinde multo gravius vehementiusque adflictantur, sic hic morbus, [7]qui est in re publica, relevatus istius poena, [8]vehementius vivis reliquis ingravescet. 32. Quare secedant improbi, secernant se a bonis, unum in locum congregentur, muro denique, id quod saepe jam dixi, discernantur a nobis: desinant insidiari domi suae consuli, circumstare tribunal [1]praetoris urbani, [2]obsidere cum gladiis curiam, [3]malleolos et faces ad inflammandam urbem comparare: sit denique inscriptum in fronte unius cujusque, [4]quid de re publica sentiat.
Polliceor vobis hoc, patres conscripti, tantam in nobis consulibus fore diligentiam, tantam in vobis auctoritatem, tantam in equitibus Romanis virtutem, tantam in omnibus bonis consensionem, ut Catilinae profectione [5]omnia patefacta, inlustrata, oppressa vindicata esse videatis.
33. [1]Hisce ominibus, Catilina, [2]cum summa rei publicae salute, cum tua peste ac pernicie cumque eorum exitio, qui se tecum omni scelere parricidioque junxerunt, proficiscere ad impium bellum ac nefarium. Tum, [3]tu, Juppiter, qui isdem quibus haec urbs [4]auspiciis a Romulo es constitutus, quem [5]Statorem hujus urbis atque imperii vere nominamus, hunc et hujus socios a tuis aris ceterisque templis, a tectis urbis ac moenibus a vita fortunisque civium [6]arcebis, et homines bonorum inimicos, hostes patriae, latrones Italiae, scelerum foedere inter se ac nefaria societate conjunctos, aeternis suppliciis vivos mortuosque mactabis.
NOTES.
CHAPTER I.
§ 1.-- 1: _quousque--nostra?_ “How far, then, Catiline, will you trample upon our patience?” The abrupt opening of the speech shows the feelings of the orator whose indignation was naturally aroused when the conspirator dared to appear in the Senate after being declared a public enemy as shown by _eludet, jactabit_. Cicero prefers the more poetic termination _-re_ to _-ris_ in the imperf. and fut. indic. and in the pres. and impf. subj. pass. In the pres. indic. he rarely uses it.
Madvig. § 114.6. --_nostra_: Cicero includes the Senators and Consuls.
3: _furor iste_: note the energy imparted by personifying _furor_ and _audacia_. --_iste_ is strictly a pronoun demonstrative of the second “the words you utter.” It often had a contemptuous meaning in Cicero’s orations.
4: _eludet_: “will turn us into mockery:” a gladiatorial term of avoiding a thrust by the rapid movement of the body: hence, to baffle, deceive, and, as here, to mock. --_Nos_ is omitted by some editors.
5: _quem--audacia_: “to what length will your unbridled audacity Schultz _quousque_ puts the more general question of _time_ and _degree_: _quamdiu_, the more special question, of _time_ only: _quem ad finem_: of _degree_ only.
6: _jactabit_ = _insolenter se efferet: se jactare_, “to toss the head 7: _nihilne--moverunt?_ “Have the guards nightly stationed on the Palatine nothing daunted you? Nothing, the sentinels of the city; nothing, the trepidation of the people; nothing, the thronging together of all patriotic (citizens); nothing, this most impregnable place for convening the Senate; nothing, the countenances and looks of these?”
Observe the emphatic position of _nihil_ in the beginning of successive clauses (_anaphora_). --_Palatii_: the Palatine hill was adjacent to the Forum. It was here that Augustus built a splendid mansion: hence our word _palace_ from the residence of the emperor built on the _Palatium_.
In times of danger the Palatium, one of the most important military posts of the city, was occupied by a guard. Originally the word meant derives it from _pal_, “to wander:” cp. _palor_. It may have been the “common” for cattle in early days. --_Vigiliae_: under the republic, on emergencies, the _triumviri capitales, aediles_ or _tribuni plebis_ acting as a kind of police appointed night watches to keep order.
--_timor populi_: cp. Sallust. Cat.: C. 31: _immutata urbis facies erat: ex summa laetitia atque lascivia...repente omnes tristitia invasit_.
--_bonorum omnium_: with _bonus_: cp. ἀγαθός, often used in the sense of the Senate was usually convened on the Kalends, Nones and Ides of each month, and the meeting usually held in the Curia Hostilia. Extraordinary meetings (_senatus indictus_) as the present one were convened in some temple, or other place consecrated by the augurs. The present meeting was held in the temple of Juppiter Stator, near the _via sacra_, at the foot of the Palatine, which might be said to be _munitissimus_ from the special guard there as well as from its position. --_ora vultusque_: the former denotes the natural and habitual state, as expressed by the mouth and the lower part of the face: while the latter indicates the temporary and changing state, as expressed by the motion of the eye and brow.
8: _constrictam--vides_: “do you not see that your conspiracy has already come within the privity of all these?” literally, “is held bound by.” Orelli distinguishes between _non_ and _nonne_ in direct questions.
Where _non_ is used, the speaker, sure of his opinion, does not heed the answer of the opponent; where _nonne_ is used, the speaker expects and wishes that the person questioned will agree with him. --_constrictam teneri_: the metaphor is taken from chaining a wild beast to which he here compares the conspiracy.
9: _proxima_: this speech was delivered November 8th: so _nox proxima_ would be the night of 7th: --_nox superior_, the night of the 6th, also called _nox prior_, § 8. On this occasion they were at the house of M. Porcius Laeca. What they did on the _nox proxima_ we are not informed. --_egeris, fueris, convocaveris, ceperis_: subjunctive of 10: _nostrûm_: distinguish _nostrum_ used partitively and _nostri_ used possessively.
§ 2.-- 1: _vivit? immo vero_: Cicero often connects a word by putting that word in the form of a question with or without _dicam_ and answering it by _immo_. According to Madvig, (§ 454) _immo_ corrects a former statement as being quite inaccurate, or too weak, though true as far as it goes.
2: _in senatum venit_: as _vir praetorius_ Catiline had a right to enter the Senate.
3: _notat et designat_: a metaphor from the marking of the animals appointed for sacrifice. Cicero often uses synonymous words to impress the idea more strongly: “he marks and stamps each one of us for slaughter:” cp. Leg. Man. 3, 7. _Cives Romanes necandos trucidandosque denotavit._ 5: _videmur_, scil. _nobis_: “we fancy that we are doing our duty to the state.”
6: _si--vitemus_: for the subj. in _protasis_, and indic. in _apodosis_, see H. 511.
7: _ad mortem--opportebat_: “to death long ago, O Catiline, ought you to have been dragged by the order of the consul?” Note the emphatic position of _ad mortem. --duci_: for the present inf: see. H., 537, I.
--_jussu consulis_: the Senate had entrusted the safety of the State by the _decretum ultimum_ (_videant consules, ne quid detrimenti respublica capiat_). By the power vested in the consuls in consequence of this decree they had the power to put Catiline to death.
8: _in te--machinaris_: “On you should that ruin long since have been hurled which you for a long time have been plotting against us all.”
Join _jampridem_ from the previous clause with _conferri_. The present tense in Latin with _jamdiu_ includes past tense: cf. πάλαι λέγω, _jamdiu dico_: “I have long ago told you and do so still.”
--_machinari_; μηχανᾶσθαι, to plan by _artful_ and _secret_ means: _moliri_, to plan by _strong_ effort.
§ 3.-- 1: _An vero_: the original force of _an_ is “or,” and when used interrogatively the sentence is elliptical. Here we may supply: “Am I right in my conjecture or, in fact, did that illustrious man, P. Scipio, chief pontiff, though filling no magistracy, slay Tiberius Gracchus when slightly disturbing the settled order of the State.” We may conveniently translate here _an vero_ by: “while, in fact.” The argument here is _a minore ad majus_. P. Cornelius Scipio Nasica consul with D. Junius Brutus 138 B.C. Cicero probably adds _pontifex maximus_ to remind his hearers of the high dignity and prudence which a man gifted with this office would possess. He also uses _privatus_ because in contrast to _consules_, the office of _pontifex maximus_ not being a _magistratus_.
Cicero designedly extenuates the guilt of Gracchus to heighten the crimes of Catiline. In fact, the orator represents the guilt of Gracchus in different lights according to the exigencies of his cause: cp. De Leg. Ag., 2, 5, 10: De Off. II., 12, 43. --_Catilinam_: emphatic position: “Catiline, desiring to devastate the world with sword and fire shall we consuls tolerate?” --_orbis terrae_: there is little difference also _ferro et igni_.
2: _illa_: “the following instance:” though only the case of Ahala is mentioned, the plural is probably used to intimate that other cases might be adduced.
3: _C. Servilius Ahala_: see Proper Names.
4: _novis--studentem_: “aiming to overturn the government:” cp.
νεωτερίζειν.
5: _fuit-fuit_: note the emphatic repetition of the word (_epizeuxis_).
6: _ut--coercerent_: “that brave men inflicted severer punishment on a factious citizen then on the bitterest foe” --_suppliciis_: abl. means.
7: _senatus consultum_: the decree arming the consuls with civil and military power. The formula was _videant consules ne quid respublica detrimenti capiat_.
9: _rei publicae_: generally taken as a dative after _deest_: others take it as a genitive depending on _consilium_, i.e., there is no lack of precedents of the state, i.e., the state have many instances of wicked citizens being punished. The state, according to Cicero, has enough of wisdom (_consilium_) and determining authority (_auctoritas_), but the executive power is weak.
CHAPTER II.
§ 4.-- of this kind both consuls were named. The other, Q. Fabius, was at that time in that part of Gaul known afterwards as Provincia, and his absence from Rome may account for the omission of his name from the decree.
2: _intercessit_: i.e., between the passing of the decree and the death of Gracchus.
3: _propter--suspiciones_: another case of extenuation to bring out more vividly the guilt of Catiline. Distinguish _suspĭcĭo, suspīcĭo_.
4: _patre-majoribus_, scil. _ortus_: abl. of origin. The father of C. Sempronius Gracchus was Tib. Sempronius Gracchus, who twice held the enjoyed a triumph, once over the Celtiberians, 178 B.C., and once over the Sardinians, 175 B.C. The mother of the Gracchi was Cornelia, daughter of P. Scipio Africanus Major, who defeated Hannibal at Zama 202 B.C. Thus Gracchus united in himself two of the noblest families in Rome.
5: _M. Fulvius_: one of the commissioners appointed to carry out the _lex agraria_ of C. Gracchus. He was killed with his eldest son in the fray in which Gracchus was slain. The youngest son was killed after the conflict.
6: _simili-publica_: some omit the commas after _senatusconsulto_ and _consulibus_ and thus make _Mario_, _Valerio_ datives; others retain the commas and make these words ablative absolute. The event happened in the sixth consulship of Marius, 102 B.C. Lucius Saturninus and C. Servilius Glaucia were guilty of killing C. Memmius who was seeking the consulship. Both Saturninus and Glaucia were driven into the Capitol and put to death.
7: _num--est?_ “Did the punishment of death inflicted by the state cause L. Saturninus, the tribune of the people, and C. Servilius, the praetor, to wait for a single day?” --_mors ac rei publicae poena_ = _mortis poena a re publica inflicta_.
passed. The decree was passed Oct. 21st and this oration was delivered Nov. 8th. The Romans, however, reckoned both days.
decree unless carried into effect.
11: _quo--convenit_: “and in accordance with this decree, you, O Catiline, should be at once put to death:” with _confestim_: cp.
_festino_.
--_cupio--cupio_: “I desire, on the one hand,--I am anxious, on the other.” --The acc. of pronouns gives more prominence to the circumstance wished by disconnecting it from the _cupio_.
_neglegens_.
§ 5.-- 1: _castra--collocata_: “a camp is pitched,” at Faesulae (now _Fiesole_), which lies on a spur of the western slope of the Appenines, not far from Florence. At this place Manlius had collected a number of soldiers who had served under Sulla.
The term _fauces_, literally “jaws,” is often used for a mountain pass: cp. Scott: Lady of the Lake: “Led slowly through the pass’s jaws.”
2: _in dies singulos_: “daily,” always joined to some word of comparative force and expressing daily increase or diminution: _cottidie_, simply daily repetition. --_imperatorem ducemque: imperator_, a military leader deriving his authority from the Senate: _dux_, simply a leader.
3: _adeo in Senatu_: “in the very Senate,” or as Zumpt (§ 737) takes it, 4: _jam_: “now at once.” --_jussero_: the fut. pf. often represents the speedy accomplishment of a fut. action.
5: _credo_: used ironically: cp. οἴομαι. Here the word may be equivalent to _non erit verendum_.
6: _verendum mihi_, etc.: “I shall have to fear (i.e. I am convinced) that all patriots will regard your death as occuring too late, rather than as too severe and cruel,” or as Wilkins translates: “Certainly it is more likely that all patriots will consider this action too late, than that anyone should consider it too cruel.” Explain _quisquam_.
7: _certe--adducor_: “for a certain reason, I am not yet led to do:” i.e. the fear of punishing Catiline before his guilt was fully ascertained lest he might pass for an injured man with his sympathizers.
Cicero’s object was to cause Catiline and his associates to leave Rome.
8: _interficiere_: i.e. “you will be ordered to be put to death.” Others 9: _tui similis_: _similis_ in Cicero generally takes _genitive or dative_ of persons: _dative_ of things.
10: _qui_ = _ut is_: “as not to confess that it was justly inflicted.”
§ 6.-- 2: _multis--oppressus_: “beset by many powerful guards placed by me:” note the idiom. Cicero had guards placed not only in the capital, but also throughout Italy.
3: _te commovere_: “to make any farther movement:” a metaphor taken from the gladiatorial contests.
Latin, and ποιέω in Greek, and _do_ in English, are often used as substitutes for other verbs.
CHAPTER III.
5: _Etenim--potest?_ This gives a reason for the clause _sed vives--possis_.
_coetus_.
8: _privata domus_: the house of M. Porcius Laeca.
9: _parietibus_: abl. means. Distinguish _moenia_ (root _mun_, to defend: cp. ἀμύνειν), the walls of a city for defensive purposes: _murus_ (= _mun-rus_), any kind of wall: _paries_ (root _par_, to separate): the partition walls of a house: _maceria_, a garden wall.
conspirators:” Cicero often uses abstract for concrete terms.
12: _istam mentem_: “that resolve of thine,” i.e. of remaining in the city to murder the people.
common order in Cicero: _crede mihi_ in other writers.
14: _teneris undique_: “you are hemmed in (i.e. convicted) on every hand.”
15: _quae--recognoscas_: “and these plans you may now review with me:” § 7.-- has sometimes in Cicero the force of _nonne_. Cp. Cat. Major, C. 10.
_videtisne_ = _nonne videtis_. So frequently in Terence, Plautus, and in colloquial Latin: H. 396, II. I.
2: _ante-Novembres_: “on the 12th day before the Kalends of November,” i.e. on October 21st. This anomolous mode of expression probably arose from the transposition of _ante_. Having one written _ante die duodecimo Kalendas_, they would easily be led to infer that _ante_ governed _die_ and so would write _ante diem duodecimum Kalendas_. For the method of computation of time among the Romans, see H. 642.
3: _certo die, qui dies_: the repetition of the subst. after the relation may be explained on the ground of clearness.
4: _audaciae--tuae_: “the partisan and agent of your audacious schemes.”
The words _satelles_ and _administer_ are synonymous, the former being more poetical and explained by the latter, which is the more common.
5: _num--dies?_ “was I, O Catiline, ignorant not merely of an attempt so enormous, so wicked, so surpassing belief, but, a thing which is more to be wondered at, of the day?” --_me fallit_: cf. _latet me_, λανθάνει με.
6: _caedem--Novembres_: “that you had fixed the 28th October for the slaughter of the nobles.” The construction is _in diem quintum ante Kalendas Novembres_. Predetermination of future time is often expressed by _in_ with acc.: as _in diem posterum senatum convocavit_, not “he summoned the Senate _on_ the next day,” but “_for_ the next day.”
7: _optimatium_: is the only word, not a proper name, in _-at_, that makes the gen. pl. in _-ium_. --_Roma_: Give rules for the construction of the names of towns.
a gen. sing. of an adj. used collectively and abstractly: “not for 9: _reprimendorum_: here used in the sense of _impediendorum_: “of preventing your plans being carried out.” This is probably a rhetorical flourish on the part of Cicero, as no such fact is mentioned by Sallust.
Among those who fled, according to Plutarch, was M. Crassus.
--_num--dicebas?_ “Can you deny that on that very day, beset by the guards I had placed, by my watchfulness, you could take not one step against the state, when on the departure of the others you, nevertheless, expressed yourself satisfied with the murder of us who remained?” --_discessu ceterorum_: the ablative here supplies the place of a participial abl. absol. --_nostra--caede--qui_: the relative is made to refer to an antecedent implied in _nostra_: H. 445, 6, --_quum_: is often used by Cicero in the impf. indic. when the bare notion of time or of continuance is to be expressed. --_remansissemus_: virtual oblique narrative: hence the subjunctive.
§ 8.-- 2: _te--occupaturum_: “that you would anticipate us in seizing Praeneste in an attack by night on the first of November.” With _occupare_: cp.
φθάνειν: no other writer mentions this fact. --_ipsis_: _ipse_ denotes exactness in temporal expressions: _triginta ipsi dies_, “exactly thirty days.”
4: _praesidium_, a guard in a general sense: _custodiae_, watches on the wall: _vigiliae_, night watches.
nothing you plan, nothing you think which I do not hear only, but also see or clearly perceive.” Some read _non modo_ for _non modo non_, which the senses requires.
CHAPTER IV.
6: _tandem_: see note 1, § 1. The orator implies by this particle the fulness of his knowledge.
7: _noctem illam superiorem_: “the events on the night preceding the last:” i.e., the events on the night of the 6th November, when the meeting was held at the house of M. Porcius Laeca. --_illam_ here does duty for the definite article in English.
8: _jam--reipublicae_: “You shall presently perceive that I am much more actively watchful for the safety of the state than you are for its destruction” --_intelliges_: what compounds of _-lego_ have _lexi_ in the perfect? --_acrius_?
9: _dico_: this passage is executed with fine skill. At first the orator states the fact clearly and briefly. He notes the effect on the conspirator and calls for an answer: after no reply is given, Cicero goes into details.
10: _priore nocte_: “on the night preceding (the last)”: a change for _superiore nocte_. Others say it means _initio noctis_.
street:” a street in Rome deriving its name from the occupation of its inhabitants. Cp. Isocr. Areopag. § 48: ἐν ταῖς αὐλητρίσιν: Livy, 35, 43: 12: _in--domum_: is the preposition necessary?
13: _complures_: Sallust (Cat. 17) gives the names of eleven senators who were present on this occasion.
§ 9.-- 1: _ubinam gentium sumus!_ This phrase is very much the same as ours, “where in the world are we?” It is often used in rhetorical writings and in the comic poets. For the partitive genitive, see H. 397, 4.
2: _hic, hic_: Epizeuxis: note the emphatic repetition.
3: _patres conscripti_: said to be for _patres et conscripti_. The senators were called _patres_. In the wars of the early republic many were killed. To fill the place of those slain some were summoned (_conscripti_.) Hence the original senators--those summoned--were addressed as _patres et conscripti_: afterwards the _et_ was omitted.
4: _in--consilio_: “in this most venerable and respectable assembly of the whole world.” The term _sanctus_ applied to the senate may refer to the building in which it was convened. The usual distinction between _consilium_ and _concilium_, that the former means advice, plans, while the latter means an assemblage, with regard to those who compose it, does not hold good. The roots of these words are different, _consilium_: from _con_, _sed_, to sit: cp. _sedes_, _solium_, ἕδος; for the change of _d_ to _l_: cp. δάκρυ, lacrima; _olere_, _odere_. --_concilium_: _con_, _cal_, to summon: cp. _Kalendae_, _calare_, καλεῖν.
5: _qui--cogitent_: “(are men so nefarious) as to plan the destruction of every one of us, and the ruin of this city and further of the whole then, “in fact.”
is said of the presiding magistrate who, in proposing a _senatus consultum_, asked individually the will of the senators.
7: _vulnero_: by mentioning their names publicly.
8: _igitur_: resumes (_analeptic_) the argument referring to the question, _num rogare audes?_ Catiline had left this unanswered. Having been interrupted by the outbreak of his indignation, the orator now returns to the doings of the conspirators at the house of Laeca.
9: _distribuisti_: Sallust (C. 27) informs us that C. Manlius was sent to Faesulae, and the adjoining territory of Etruria: Septimius, into the Picene territory: C. Julius, into Apulia.
10: _statuisti--placeret_: scil: _locum_: “you appointed the place to which it was agreed on that each should set out:” For subjunctive in 11: _delegisti--educeres_: “you picked out those whom you were to leave at Rome, whom you were to take with you.” Sallust (Cat. C. 43) says that Statilius and Gabinius were to set fire to the city, and Cethegus was to assassinate Cicero, and Lentulus to superintend the general massacre.
12: _discripsisti_: _discribo_ is used where the fundamental notion is to map out, plan, arrange, put in order, as _distribuere_, _dividere_, _disponere_: _describo_ is to write down, to compose. Sallust (Cat. C.
43) says that the conspirators were to fire twelve (Plutarch says a hundred) parts of the city at one and the same time. For _discripsisti_: cf. Cic. Pro Sulla, 8: _Tam Catilina dies exurendi tum caeteris manendi conditio, tum discriptio totam per orbem caedis atque incendiorum constituta est_.
13: _paullulum--morae_: “that you still had even now a slight cause of _u_ being omitted before the first _l_ and the _r_ assimilated: cp.
_sterula_ = _stella_. --_viverem_: subj.: giving the opinion of Catiline.
14: _etiam tum_: is used to express the words of Catilina, not those of Cicero.
15: _duo equites_: according to Cic. (Pro Sulla, 18, 52) one was C. Cornelius: Sallust (Cat. C. 18) mentions the Senator L. Vargunteius as the other.
_illa ipsa nocte_: these knights were to pay their intended visit in the morning, where the Roman magistrates and distinguished men held their audiences and received their clients.
17: _lectulo_: the diminutive here has scarcely any force. There may be a slight reference to its comfort: “my dear bed.”
§ 10.-- 1: _vixdum--dimisso_: “when your meeting was hardly as yet broken up.”
_Comperi_: Cicero gained his knowledge from Curius and Fulvia (Sall.
Cat. C. 28). According to Merivale, Cicero used _comperio_ when he was wont to indicate his knowledge of facts, though afraid of revealing the sources of his information. The word does not always have this force.
2: _salutatum_: supine after a verb of motion. What different ways of expressing a purpose in Latin?
3: _mane_: another form is _mani_: cp. _luci_, _heri_, locatives.
CHAPTER V.
§ 11.-- 1: _quae--sint_: “since these facts are so:” often used to sum up a chain of facts founded on evidence.
Conjugate _pergere_.
_desiderant_: “feel the loss of.” _desiderare_, to feel the loss of an object of love or sympathy: hence “to yearn after;” _requirere_: to feel the loss of a thing, as an act of the understanding.
plurimos (educere potes)_.
4: _dummodo--intersit_: cp. Plutarch (Cicero 16): “and Cicero arising ordered him to leave the city; for while he himself carried on his political contest by words and Catiline by arms, there must needs be a city wall between them.”
5: _non--sinam_: note the _anaphora_. Cicero uses three synonymous verbs to express the thought that he will not endure the conduct of Catiline under any circumstances. We may translate: “I cannot, will not, shall not endure it.”
6: _magna--urbis_: “much gratitude is due to the immortal gods and especially (_atque_) to this Juppiter Stator, the most ancient guardian of our city.” Distinguish _gratiam habere_, to feel thankful: _gratias agere_, to return thanks in words: _gratiam referre_, to show oneself thankful by deeds. Juppiter obtained the name Stator because he is said to have stayed the flight of the Romans when they were hard pressed by the Sabines. The place where the flight was arrested was marked by a temple vowed by Romulus at the foot of the Palatine (Livy I. 12).
7: _quod--effugimus_: “because we have already escaped so often a pest so cruel, so dreadful, so dangerous to the state” --_toties_: referring to the earlier conspiracy of Catiline which failed.
8: _non--reipublicae_: “it must not again and again depend on one man that the existence of the state should be in peril:” or, “the safety of the state must not be often exposed to danger by one man.” A similar expression is found: Cic. Pro. Rosc. Amer. 51. 148: _summa res publica in hujus periculo tentatur_.
9: _consuli designato_: in the days of Cicero the consuls were elected on the 22nd October, but did not formally enter upon their office till January 1st. Between the time of their election and entering upon office they were called _consules designati_. --_proximis comitiis consularibus_: referring to Oct. 22nd.
10: _in campo_, scil. _Martio_: the consular elections were held in the Campus Martius, a plain between the city and the Tiber.
11: _competitores_: D. Junius Silanus and L. Licinius Murena.
12: _compressi--copiis_: on the day of the consular elections, we are told by Plutarch, Cicero put on a coat of mail and was attended by the chief men of Rome and a great number of youths to the Campus Martius. He