of Eton College School, in his _Vulgaria_ (in 1519) holds the opinion: “It is a shame that young gentlemen should lose time at the dice and tables, cards and hazard.”
[19] As to charts, _e.g._, Sir Thomas Elyot, in the _Gouvernour_ (1531), says: “I cannot tell what more pleasure should happen to a gentle wit than to behold in his own house (_i.e._, in pictures and maps) everything that within all the world is contained.”
[20] _See_ p. 95.
[21] Dialogue IX.
[22] Dialogue VIII.
[23] Which J. T. Freigius duly notes is taken from Ovid: _Metamorphoses_, liber vi., and Vergil: _Eclogues_, vi.
[24] Vives gives an example in Pandulphus (Dialogue IX.).
[25] _De Tradendis Disciplinis_, book iii. chap. 3.
[26] _De Tradendis Disciplinis_, book iii. chap. 3.
[28] _Mémoire sur la vie et les écrits de J. L. Vives_, p. 87.
[29] _Die lateinischen Schülergespräche der Humanisten_, pp. 163–163.
[30] Pasce animos nostros Christe caritate tua, qui benignitate tua alis vitas animantium: sancta sint, Domine, haec tua munera nobis sumentibus, ut tu, qui ea largiris, sanctus es. Amen.
following rendering is given: “One knave will kepe another companye, one pratteler wille with another, like will to like.” _Letters and Exercises of John Conybeare_, p. 42. London: Henry Frowde, 1905.
[32] _Audire male._ To have an evil reputation. Lewis and Short aptly quote from Milton’s _Areopagitica_: “For which England hears ill abroad.”
[33] On a tombstone. Dr. Bröring quotes from Guicciardini, _Belgicae Descriptio_, 1635, where an account is given of the tombstone to a daughter of the Countess Mathilde of Holland in a Cloister near the Hague.
[34] _Amphora_ is a measure for liquids. It was equal to six gallons seven pints. The _congius_, in the _Tri-congius_, was a measure of one-eighth of an _amphora_.
[35] _I.e._ of the nature of bugs.
[36] _Decoxisse_ from _decoquere_—which means both to cook and to become bankrupt.
[37] Dr. Bröring quotes from Erasmus’s _Adages_, Chil. I. Cent. viii.
Prov. 86, to show that formerly men of obscure birth were termed _terrae filii_.
[38] _Capitulum lepidissimum_—a term of endearment used by Terence.
[39] Freigius notes that Jubellius Taurea was by far the strongest horse of the Campanians, whilst Claudius Asellus was a horseman of equally renowned horsemanship. The steed challenged the rider to a contest. _See_ Livy, Bk. 3, Decad. 3.
[40] Of the town of Tours, in France.
[41] It is explained by Vives, as a note in the margin, that Curio is the priest of the parish, commonly called curate.
[42] As Dr. Bröring remarks, “German” is used in the sense of “brethren.”
[43] With dust in winter and mud in spring, you will reap great grain, [44] Happy is the man in his heart, and approaching to the happiness of the gods themselves, whom glory does not agitate, dazzling with its lying gloss, nor the evil allurements of haughty luxury, but who lets the days pass peacefully by and silently, and with the labour of the poor man wins the peace of the blameless life.
[46] But dispatch now, don’t put off to future hours. Who does not do a thing to-day may be less able to do it to-morrow.
[47] Let words run, the hand is quicker than they; not as yet has the tongue done its work until the right hand has accomplished its task.
[48] Is this always the order of the day, then? Here is full morning coming through the window-shutters, and making the narrow crevices look larger with the light; yet we go on snoring, enough to carry off the fumes of that unmanageable Falernian.—(Conington’s Translation.)
[49] Arise, already the baker sells breakfast to boys. On every side, already, the birds announce the dawn by their chirping.
[50] “Such days, I trow, at the infancy of earth, Shone forth, and kept the tenor of their birth; True spring was that, the world was bent on spring, And eastern breezes check’d their wintry wing: While cattle drank new light, and man was shown, A race of iron from a land of stone; Then savage beasts were launch’d upon the grove, And constellations on the heaven above; Nor could young Nature have achieved the birth, Unless a period of repose so sweet Had come to pass, betwixt the cold and heat, And heaven’s indulgence greeted the new earth.”
[51] As did Columella, _i.e._, _pruna cereola_. Pliny calls them _cerina_.
[52] Freigius’s note: _Insularius_ is equivalent to French _concierge_.
[53] Livy, book i.
[54] Book v. cap. 4, de Cimone; Ovid, _Fasti_, book ii.
[55] _I.e._, the beggar in the house of Ulysses at Ithaca. See Martial, 5, 41, 9.
[56] _Georgics_, i. 392. The oil (of lamps is seen) to sparkle and crumbling fungus to form.
[57] Sleep, the rest of things, sleep, most gracious of the gods, peace of the mind, whom anxiety shuns, thou who soothest the weary bodies from their hard duties and restorest them for their labour.
[58] This is a mark of refinement and seemly in one who is cultured—not to be ignorant of the names of the utensils that are in daily use in the house.
[59] _Athen._ 12. That he was the first to set the Romans the example of luxury in all things.
[60] That Apicius exceeded all men in prodigality.
[61] Cooking vessel with feet for coals.
[62] I am not willing to be Caesar, to march through the Britons and to suffer Scythian frosts.
[63] So says Aelius Spartianus in _Life of Hadrian Florus_ as quoted by Freigius. See _Crinitus_, book 15, cap. 5.
[64] How often the cook seeks pepper and wine for the breakfasts of the Fabii to smack of the simple beet.
[65] And heavily used to hang on his arm a bowl with a worn-out handle.
[66] Tell me why does the lettuce, which used to finish off the meals of our ancestors, now begin _our_ meals?
[67] When I, the Lucanian sausage, come, daughter of the swine of Picenum, then will the crown be given gladly to the snowy pottage.
[68] As he passed by one day, Diogenes, who was washing vegetables, scoffed at him and said: “If you had learnt to live on these, you would not frequent the courts of kings;” and he said: “If you knew how to associate with your fellow men, you would not be washing vegetables.”
[69] _See_ Cicero, _De Oratore_, iii. (near the end); Quintilian, i.
[70] _Graculus_ is a jackdaw. Aesop has a story of the jackdaw with borrowed plumes. Juvenal iii. 78 refers to the _Graeculus_, the Roman attempting to play the Greek.
[71] A red colouring matter.
[72] On what has been set and is set before us, may Christ deign to give his blessing.
[73] Even with three guests, each seems to me to have a different taste, each requiring quite different foods with his quite different [75] We should give little to pleasure, as its due; but all the more to health. CATO, _Disticha de Moribus_, ii. 28.
[77] We render thanks to Thee, Father, who has provided so many things for the enjoyment of men: Grant that, by Thy good-will, we may come to the feast of Thy Blessedness.
[78] For getting well from the bite of dog at night, take from the dog’s hair your remedy.
[79] Boys play, and play, also, youth and age. Play is the wit, seriousness, and wisdom of old age. Also human life, what is it but trifling and empty fable, when virtue is not its sole guiding principle?
[80] Viz., _The Antiochian; or, The Beard-hater_.
[81] _I.e._, the small town of the Parisians.
[82] Vives uses the Roman formula for the passing of laws: “_Velitis, Quirites, jubeatis._” The response of acceptance being: “_Uti rogas._” [83] Dr. Bröring renders _glabella_, “the space between the eyebrows.”
_Glabellus_ is derived from _glaber_, the root of which is γλαφ—cf.
_scalpo_, to hollow out—_i.e._, smooth, without hair (Lewis and Short).
[84] _See_ _Valerius Maximus_, book vi. chap. vi.
INDEX [_Large Roman numerals refer to the number of the Dialogue; small Roman numerals refer to the pages of the Introduction; Arabic numerals refer to the pages of the text._] A B C tablet, 18 Academy, the, xxxix.
Agonotheta, 106 Alarum-clock, 116 Anneus, a teacher, xliii., 204 Apparel, court, 163 Ascham, Roger, xli.
Atlantides, 98 Bacchus, 151, 156 Baldus, 106 Banquet, 126, 132 Bardus, 107 Bartolus, 106 Beer, 92, 141 Beggar, 43 Bird, the teacher, 89 Birds, different kinds of, 144 Blacksmith, 82 Boatmen, the scum of the sea, 59 Boccaccio, 96 Bömer, Dr., xxii.
Book-gluer, 114 Books, 179 Boorish youth, 52 Boulogne, 56 Bread, different kinds of, 134 Breakfast, 8, 27 Bruges, 33, 34 Budaeus (William Budé), vii.
Buffoons, 170 Busts of authors in library, 105 Candles, 110 Card-playing, XXI.
Catharine of Aragon, xv., xvi., xxviii., 96 Cato’s distichs quoted, 137 Caryatides, 98 Cervent, Clara, mother of Vives’ wife, xi.
Chancellor, the, 167 Characteristics of the _Dialogues_, xxxvii.
Charts or maps, 186 Cheese, 12, 145 Cherries, buying of, 17; cherry-stones as stakes, 23 Child, and rattle, 53 Chrysostom, homilies of, 151 _Chytropus_, 120 Cicero, 113; Circe, cup of, 170 Clock, 81; mechanical, 82 Clothes, 84 _sqq._ Comb, 4; ivory, 85 Constable, the, 165 Cook-shop, 118 Copies, writing, 74 Copper-knobs on books, 113 Counsellors of the king, 166 Courtiers of the king, 167 Cuckoo, the, 46 Cups, 31, 51, 128 Dauphin, the, 165 Dead men can speak, 178 Deafness, 42 de Croy, Cardinal, Vives’ pupil, xii.
Dedication of Vives’ _School Dialogues_, xxi.
Delights of Sight, 88; of Hearing, 89; of Smell, 89; of Taste, 89; of Touch, 90 Demosthenes, 113 Dialectic, 102 Dice-player, Curius the, 44 Dignitaries of the court, 165 Dilia, river, 83 Diogenes, 125, 136 Discovery of the New World, 95 Disease of thirst, 161 Disputing, 20 Dog, 7, 15, 41, 44 Door-angels, 94 Drama, and the _Dialogues_, xxxvii.
Drawing lots, 189 Dressing, 2 _sqq._ water, 28, 42; wine, 28, 42; beer, 31 Drivers, the scum of the earth, 59 Drunkenness, xlvi., XVIII.; effects of, 160 Dullard, John, xi.
Dürer, Albrecht, 210 Dury, John, and the Academy, xl.
Earth, the, a fruitful mother, 53 Eating, 27 Education, XXIV.; noble, 233 Elegance of clothes as well as words, 47 Elyot, Sir Thomas, xxxv., xli.
Erasmus, vii., xi.
_Exercitatio_, the Latin title for the _Dialogues_, vii.
Fish, different kinds of, 143 “Flat” wine, 139 Flea, 83, 115 Fleming, 33; without a knife, 33 Florus quoted, 122 Foods, 37, VII., 92, XV.
Freigius, J. T., editor of _Dialogues_, xxxiv., li.
Frenchmen, 104 Friendships arranged for children by parents, 242 Fruits, 135 _sqq._ Games, xli.; ball, 2; nuts, 22; odd and even, 22; draughts, 24; playing-cards, 24; tennis, 202 Genders, number of, 35 German, 120 Geometry, 16 Getting up, 1 Godelina of Flanders, 96 Goldfinch, 127 Good, the real, 228 _sqq._ Governing, art of, 177 Grace before meat, 33, 131; after meat, 38, 148 Grammar, 2, 35, 102 Grammarians, asses, 119, 120 Greek in the _Dialogues_, xxxv.
Greetings, morning, 6 Griselda, 96 Helen, 97 Holiday from school, 56 Holocolax, 165 Home and school life, xxiii.
Homer, 97 Horace quoted, 53, 135 Horses, and their trappings, IX.
Host, a kindly, 153 Hour-bells, 40 Hours of teaching, 103 House, the new, 93; keeper, 32 Housteville, Aegidius de, xxxvi.
Hugutio, 105 Hunter, Mannius the, 44 Ink, 72 Inscriptions in houses, 97 Intemperance, 241 Isocrates quoted, 177 Joannius, Honoratus, learned man of Valencia, 205 Joviality, the gate of drunkenness, 161 Jugglers, 170 Keeper of Archives, the, 167 King, the, 165; the palace of the, 163 Kitchen, the, XV., 31; maid, 31 Ladies’ quarters in the court, 169 Lapinius, Euphrosynus, xxxvi.
Latin speaking, xxx., 34 Laws of play, xliii., 206–9 Lebrija (or Nebrissensis), Antonio de, x., 65 Lecture-room, 65 Letters, 18, 21 Library, school, 105 Licentiates, 103 Lie-telling, 13 Life, a journey, 179 Literature out of the class-room, 188 Litigants of the king’s court, 167 Livy, lost decads, 211 Logic, 2 Louvain, inhabitants of (Lovanians), 47 Lover, the, 48 Lucretia, picture of, 95 _Ludus literarius_, a playing with letters, the Latin for a school, 19 Lunch, 27 Lutetia (Paris), 199 Lying, 241 Lyons, 116 Magistrates, honour due to, 237 Manners, at table, 37 Maps, xlii.
March, family name of Vives’ mother, vii.
Market, the, at Valencia, 205 Master of the feast, the king’s, 168 Master of the horse, 165 Market, 36 Meals, 24 Meats, 137 Mena, Juan de, quoted, xlv., 88 Merchant, the, 49 Miller, the, 134 Milton, John, xxvii., xl.
Mimus quoted, 156 Modesty, real and fictitious, 227 Monastery, Carthusian, 87; Franciscan, 87 Moor, a white, 23 Morning best for learning, 92 Mortar, 122 Mosquito-net, 115 Motta, Peter, xxxv., xxxvi.
Mountebank, 3 Mulcaster, Richard, xxiv., xli.
Muses, number of the, 136 Music of birds, 89 Mysteries, study of, by nobles, 222 Names of Vives’ friends in the _Dialogues_, xxxiii.
Nature, in the _Dialogues_, xliv.
Nazianzenus, 113 Neapolitan horse, 176 Nebrissensis, Antonius, _see_ Lebrija Nightingale, the, 45, 88–88 Noah, 157 Nobility, ignorance of writing, 67; contempt of knowledge, 69 Nobles and education, XXIV.
Nut-shells, used by boys for ants’ houses, 22 Obedience to the laws, 239 Occupation of courtiers, 170 Old men, 180, 228 Opinions of Vives held by Budé, Erasmus, xii.; and Sir Thomas More, xiii.
Oppugnator, 107 Orbilius, the schoolmaster, 91 Painting, XXIII.
Palimpsist, 71 Pantry, 36 Paper, 73 Papias, 105 Paris, 116; University of, 199 Parts of the body, XXIII.
Pastry-cook, 147 Paul, the Apostle, 96 Pauline precept, 141 Persians, 136, 215 Persius quoted, 80 Pestle, 122 Philip, Prince, xxii., xxvii., xxviii., XX.; Philosophers, 46 Physicians and wine, 140 Pictures, 95 _Pietas literata_, ideal of, xlviii.
Piety, 145 Plato, 36, 105; authority of, 239 Plautus quoted, 152, 207 Play of being king, 175 Playing with dog, 7 Points, 2, 23 Polaemon, 232 Pottage, 142 Prayer, 5; the Lord’s, 5; morning, 1, 83, 87; to the saints, 234; to Christ, 237 Preachers in churches, 225 Precepts of education, l., XXV.
Priests and literature, 173 Propugnator, 107 Pythagoras, 116 Quills, 70; quill-sheath, 70; goose-quills, 71; hen’s quills, 71; making of quill-pens, 71 Quintilian quoted, 65 Reading, 18 _sqq._ Recreation, grounds, 87; in bad weather, 185 Reeds (pens), 70, 113 Respect to the old, 237 Reverence of priests, 237 Rhetoric, 102 River, 61, 183 Rome, 118 Rush-mats, 97 Saviour, our, quoted, 141 Scaevola, Mutius, 97 Scaevolae, 217 Scholarship ill-esteemed in Belgium, 154 Vives’ idea of the, xxxix.
School-fees, 10 Scipio Africanus, 210 Seal, of letters, 70 Secretaries to nobles, 70 Silence before elders and superiors, 238 Siliceus, literary tutor of Prince Philip, 173 Sister, Vives’, 201 Sky, the open, 64 Slavery of ignorance, 174 Sluggishness, danger of, 184 Socrates, 105 Sophocles, 114 Spaniards, 92, 104 Spanish cap, 87 Spanish inn, 126 Spanish navigations, 95 Spanish triumph (in cards), 189 Spring, 88 Stakes, 23, 191 Statues in a house, 96 _sqq._ Statutes of schools enjoining Vives’ _Dialogues_, xxxiv.
“Still” wine, 139 Stories, nineteen, told by students, VIII.
Stunica, educator of Prince Philip, 173 Style of _Dialogues_, xxxvi.
Styles (pens), 70 Subject-matter and style of _Dialogues_, xxxii.
Suits in cards, names of, 189 Summer-house, 97 Sun-dial, 82 Syracusans, 111 Tapestry, 97 Teacher, 54, 101; Teachers in Belgium, 154; Pandulfus, 56; the best living, 179; clients of nobles, 223 Tennis in France and Belgium, 202; in Valencia, 203 Thrashing by teachers, 70 Tongs, 119 Trunk, story arising from the, 39 Truth and flattery at court, 170–170 Truth-speaking, 241 Tumbler, the, 51 Turkey-carpets, 130 Twins, 43 Tyrones, 102 Umpire, 25 Urbanity, 233 Valdaura, Margaret, wife of Vives, xi., xxxiii.
Valencia, city of, XXII.
Valerius Maximus, 95 Valla, Laurentius, xx., 47 Vegetables, selling of, 15 Vernacular, in education, xlvi.-xlviii.
Vernacular literature before the Renascence, xviii.
Verse-maker, Mannius the, 44 Verse-making, 123 Vives, J. L., at school at Valencia, ix.; his schoolmasters, x.; one of the Renascence triumvirate, vii.; his parents, vii.-ix.; and scholasticism, ix.; at Paris, xi.; at Bruges, xi.; at Louvain, xi.; at Lyons, xi.; and Princess Mary, xiv.; life in London, xv.; his wife, Margaret Valdaura, xv.; and boys, xxxvii., l.; his _De Tradendis Disciplinis_, vii., x., xvi.; his _De Institutione Feminae Christianae_, viii., xiv.; commentary on St. Augustine’s _Civitas Dei_, xiii.; his _Introductio ad Sapientiam_, xv.; his _De Officio Mariti_, xvi.; his _De Europae Dissidiis et Bello Turico_, xvi.; his _De Veritate Fidei Christianae_, xvi.; his _De Anima_, xvi.
Vives, J. L., references to himself in the _Dialogues_: a sufferer from gout, 34; names wells in the city of Louvain, 92; his father’s house in Valencia, 201 Wainscoting, 97 Wash-basins, 129 Washing, 4, 86 Water, 92, 141 Water-drinking, xlv.
Well, the Latin and the Greek at Louvain, 92 Whist, French and Spanish, 189 Wife of a drunkard, 151 Winding-stairs, 96 Window-panes, 96 Windows, wooden and glass, 1 Wine, 137 Wine-cellar, 98 Wine-drinking, xlv.
Writing, X.; usefulness of, 66; writing-master, 68 Writing-tablet, 21 Xenocrates, 232 Xenophon, 105, 113 Zabatta, Angela, learned lady of Valencia, 201 THE END THE TEMPLE PRESS, PRINTERS, LETCHWORTH