of Kahakami again spake to him, saying:—‘“‘ I am the strongest man in all this land, and therefore none of the men of this time can excel me in might, and none refuses to be my follower.
I have met with many valiant men, but none as yet could match the Prince. Therefore this despicable robber, from his filthy mouth, offers thine Augustness a title. Wilt thou accept it?” He said:—‘‘I will accept it.” So he spake to him, say- ing:—‘‘ Henceforward in speaking of the Imperial Prince, let him be styled the Imperial Prince Yamato-dake.”’ When he had done speaking Yamato-dake pierced his breast through and killed him. Therefore up to the present day he is styled Yamato-dake no Mikoto. This was the origin of it.: ’ The champion of Japan.
AAULS Bile) 202 NIHONGI.
Afterwards he despatched Oto-hiko and the others, who slew all that band, leaving not a chewer,’ and when this was done, he returned by sea to Yamato. Arriving at Kibi, he crossed the Ana Sea. In this place there was a malignant Deity, whom he forthwith slew. Again, turning northwards, he arrived at Naniha,’ where he killed the malignant Deity of the Kashiha ferry.
28th year, Spring, 2nd month, rst day. Yamato-dake no Mikoto reported to the Emperor haw he had subdued the Kumaso, saying:—‘‘ Thy servant, trusting. in the Emperor’s Divine Spirit,? by force of arms, at one blow, suddenly slew the Kumaso chieftain and reduced that whole country to peace. In this way the Western Land is now quiet, and the people are undisturbed. Only the God of the Ferry of Ana in Kibi and the God of the Ferry of Kashiha at Naniha, both, with mischievous intent, sent forth a poisonous vapour, by which travellers were plagued. Both of them formed centres of calamity. Therefore I killed all those evil Deities, and have thrown open the roads by land and water alike.” The Emperor upon this commended the good service done by Yamato-dake no Mikoto, and bestowed extraordinary affection on him.
40th year, Summer, 6th month. There was wide rebellion of the Eastern wilds, and the frontier was in a state of tumult.
Autumn, 7th month, 16th day. The Emperor addressed his Ministers, saying:—‘‘ The Eastern country is now in an un- quiet state, and turbulent Deities have sprung up in numbers. Moreover the Yemishi have rebelled to a man and frequently carry off the people. Whom shall I send to still this disturbance?” But none of the Ministers knew whom to send. Then Yamato-dake no Mikoto addressed the Emperor, say- ing:—‘‘ Thy servant it was who formerly performed the labour of the expedition to the West.. This campaign must be the business of the Imperial Prince Oho-usu.” But the Imperial Prince Oho-usu was afraid, and ran to conceal himself among the grass. Accordingly a messenger was sent to fetch him. Hereupon the Emperor chid him, saying:—‘‘If thou dost not he. a living soul. * The modern Ohosaka. 3 Very nearly the Latin mumen.
KEIKO. 203 wish it, shall We insist on sending thee? Why all this alarm, whilst thou hast not yet confronted the enemy?” Accordingly he eventually granted him Mino as a fief, and so he went to, his government. He was the first ancestor of the two houses of the Kimi of Muketsu and the Kimi of Mori. Upon this Yamato-dake no Mikoto, striking a martial attitude, said:— “‘Not many years have passed since I subdued the Kumaso. Now the Yemishi.of the East have made a fresh rebellion. ‘When shall we arrive at a universal peace? Thy servant, notwithstanding that it is a labour to him, will speedily quell this disturbance.”” So the Emperor took a battle-axe,' and giving it to Yamato-dake no Mikoto, said:—‘‘ We hear that the Eastern savages are of a violent disposition, and are much given to oppression: their hamlets have no chiefs, their villages no leaders, each is greedy of territory, and they plunder one another. Moreover, there are in the mountains malignant Deities, on the moors there are malicious demons, who beset the highways and bar the roads, causing men much annoyance. Amongst these Eastern savages the Yemishi are the most powerful, their men and women live together promiscuously, there is no distinction of father and child. In winter they dwell in holes, in summer they live in nests. Their clothing consists of furs, and they drink blood.’ Brothers are sus- picious of one another. In ascending mountains they are like flying birds; in going through the grass they are like fleet quadrupeds. When they receive a favour, they forget it, but if an injury is done them they never fail to revenge it. There- fore they keep arrows in their’top-knots and carry swords within their clothing. Sometimes they draw together their fellows and make inroads on the frontier. At other times they take the opportunity of the harvest to plunder the people. If attacked, they conceal themselves in the herbage; if pursued, they flee into the mountains. Therefore ever since antiquity they have not been steeped in the kingly civilizing influences.
’ Motoori points out this as an instance where the desire to imitate his Chinese models has caused the author of the “ Nihongi” to introduce Chinese things which have no business in a Japanese narrative. The “ Kojiki” says it was a spear of holly eight fathoms long.
* The “ Liki” speaks of the ancient Chinese living on fruits and the flesh of wild beasts and drinking their blood.
Val 2a Wika nnas 204 NIHONGI.
Now We mark that thou art mighty of stature and thy coun- tenance is of perfect beauty, thou hast strength sufficient to raise tripods, thy fierceness is like thunder and lightning, wherever thou dost turn thy face, there is none to stand before thee; whenever thou dost attack thou dost surely conquer. This we know, that whereas in outward form thou art Our child, in reality thou art a God. Truly Heaven, commiserating Our want of. intelligence and the disturbed condition of the country, has ordained that thou shouldst order the Heavenly institution, and save the monarchy from extinction. Moreover, this Empire is thy Empire, and this Dignity is thy Dignity. I adjure thee to exercise profound policy and far-reaching fore- sight in searching out iniquity and watching against crises. Admonish with majesty; comfort with kindness. | Avoid having recourse to arms, and thou wilt naturally inspire loyal obedience. So by cunning words thou mayst moderate the violent Deities, and by a display of armed force sweep away malignant demons.”!
Then Yamato-dake no Mikoto received the battle-axe, and, bowing twice, addressed the Emperor, saying:—‘ But few years have elapsed since my former expedition to the West, when, trusting in the might of the Imperial spirit, I, with a sword three feet in length, conquered the land of Kumaso, and the rebel chiefs yielded themselves to punishment. Now again, trusting in the spirits? of the Gods of Heaven and Earth, and in reliance on the Imperial might, I am proceeding. to the frontier. I will admonish them by gentle teaching, and if any remain unsubmissive, I will smite them with arms.’ So he again bowed twice. Then the Emperor commanded Kibi no Take-hiko and Ohotomo no Take-hi no Muraji to follow Yamato-dake no Mikoto. He also appointed Nana-tsuka-hagi his steward.
* This speech cannot be received as a document of Japanese history. It is a cento of reminiscences of Chinese literature.
? Numina.
3 Hirata says that Japanese surnames were taken from offices or avoca- tions, names of places, parents’ names, circumstances, or objects. I suppose he would have included under circumstances such personal peculiarities as that which suggested the name Nana-tsuka-hagi, literally ‘ Seven-span- shanks.”
KEIKO. 205 Winter, roth month, 2nd day. Yamato-dake no Mikoto set out on his journey.
7th day. He turned aside from his way to worship at the shrine of Ise. Here he took leave of Yamato-hime! no Mikoto, saying:—‘‘ By order of the Emperor, I am now pro- ceeding on an expedition against the East to put to death the rebels, therefore I am taking leave of thee.” Hereupon Yamato-hime no Mikoto took the sword Kusa-nagi and gave it to Yamato-dake no Mikoto, saying:—‘‘ Be cautious, and yet not remiss.”
This year Yamato-dake no Mikoto first reached Suruga. The brigands of this place made a show of obedience, and said, deceivingly:—‘‘ On this moor there are large deer in very great plenty. Their breath is like the morning mist, their legs are like a dense wood. Do thou go and hunt them.” Yamato- dake no Mikoto believed these words, and, going into the middle of the moor, sought for game. The brigands, desiring to kill the Prince, set fire to the moor. But the Prince, seeing that he had been deceived, produced fire by means of a fire-’ drill,” and, kindling a counter-fire, succeeded in making his escape.
One version says:—‘‘ The sword Mura-kumo,* which the Prince wore, wielded itself, and mowed away the herbage near the Prince, thus enabling him to escape. Therefore that sword was called Kusa-nagi.” 4 The Prince said:—‘‘I was almost betrayed.” So he burnt all that robber-band and exterminated them. Therefore that place was called Yaketsu.’
Next he marched on to Sagami, whence he desired to pro- ceed to Kadzusa. Looking over the sea, he spake with a loud voice, and said:—“‘ This is but a little sea:* one might even ’ She was appointed priestess B.C. 5, and we are now at A.D. 110, by the common chronology.
* The interlinear gloss and the “ Kojiki” (Ch. K., p. 211) have hi-uchi, or fire-striker, by which a flint and steel is doubtless meant. A fire-drill was known to the ancient Japanese, as appears from the “ Kojiki” (Ch. K., p. 104) and other authorities, and it is actually in use at present to produce fire for sacred purposes. See a paper by Satow, in “J.A.S.T.,” VI. 223.
% Assembled-clouds. 4 The herbage mower.
® Port or ferry of burning. 5 The bay of Yedo.
jump over it.’ But when he came to the middle of the sea a storm suddenly arose, and the Prince’s ship was tossed about, so that he could not cross over. At this time there was a con- cubine in the Prince’s suite, named Oto-tachibana-hime. She was the daughter of Oshiyama no Sukune of the Hodzumi House. She addressed the Prince, saying:—‘‘ This present uprising of the winds and rushing of the waves, so that the. Prince’s ship is like to sink, must be due to the wishes of the God of the Sea. I pray thee let me go into the sea, and so let the person of thy mean handmaiden be given to redeem the life of the Prince’s Augustness.” Having finished speaking, she plunged into the billows. The storm forthwith ceased, and the ship was enabled to reach the shore. Therefore the people of that time called that sea Hashiri-midzu.’
Hereupon Yamato-dake no Mikoto, going by way of Kad- zusa, changed his route, and entered the Land of Michi no oku.
At this time a great mirror was hung upon the Prince's ship. Proceeding by the sea route, he went round to Ashi no ura and crossed aslant to Tama no ura.?, When he arrived at the Yemishi frontier, the chiefs of the Yemishi, Shima-tsu-kami and Kuni-tsu-kami,* encamped at the harbour of Take, with the intention of making resistance. But when they saw the Prince’s ship from afar, they feared his majesty and power, and knew in their hearts that they could not gain the victory over him. They all flung away their bows and arrows, bowed down towards him, and said:—‘‘ When we look upon thy face, we see that it is more than human. Art thou per- chance a Deity? We desire to know thy name.” The Prince answered and said:—“I am the son of a Deity of visible men.” Hereupon the Yemishi were all filled with awe. They gathered up their skirts and, plunging into the waves, of their own accord assisted the Prince’s ship to reach the shore. Then, with their hands bound behind them, they submitted themselves for punishment. He therefore pardoned their offence, and having made prisoners their chieftains, caused them to be his personal attendants. The Yemishi having been ’ Running-water.? In Shimosa. 3 Literally, Gods of the Islands and Gods of the Continent.
KEIKO.. 207 subdued, he returned from the country of Hitakami, and pro- ceeding to the south-west, passed through Hitachi, and arrived at the Land of Kahi, where he dwelt in the palace of Sakawori. At this time a light was kindled and he partook of food. On this night he made a song, in which he inquired of those in attendance on him, saying:— Since I passed Tsukuba, And Nihibari, How many nights have I slept?
None of his attendants was able to answer him. Now there was a man who had charge of the lights, who made a song, in continuation of the Prince’s, saying:— Counting the days— Of nights there are nine nights, Of days there are ten days.
Therefore the Prince commended his intelligence and liberally rewarded him.’ oi, Now while he was residing in this palace, he granted to Take-hi, the ancestor of the Ohotomo no Muraji, the Yuki? Be. Thereupon Yamato-dake no Mikoto said:—‘‘ All the wicked chiefs of the Yemishi have submitted to the punishment of their crimes. Only in the Land of Shinano and the Land of Koshi.
there are a considerable number who are not yet obedient to the civilizing influence.” So from Kahi he turned towards the north, and passing through Musashi and Kodzuke, he went westward as far as the Usuhi-saka. Now Yamato-dake no Mikoto always thought with regret of Oto-tachibana-hime. Therefore, when he ascended to the summit of Usuhi and looked down towards the south-east, he sighed three times, and said, ‘‘ Alas! my wife!’’ Therefore the provinces east of the mountains were given the name-of Adzuma.* Here he sent Kibi no Takehiko by a different road to the Land of Koshi, and caused him to examine the character of the country as regards means of access, and also whether the people were tractable or not. So Yamato-dake no Mikoto advanced * Cf Ch. Ka Pp. 214. > Quiver. 3 Now known as the Usuhi Toge (pass) on the Nakasendd road. 4 Aga tsuma means my wife.
Valle so7e Walle 20; 208 NIHONGI.
into the province of Shinano. This isa Land of high moun- tains and profound valleys. Verdant summits are piled up ten thousand fold, so that for men with staff in hand they are hard to ascend. The cliffs are precipitous, and are girt with flying bridges.’ Many thousand are the hill-ranges, where even with slackened reins the horse makes no progress. Yet Yamato-dake no Mikoto, bursting through the smoke, and braving the mists, distantly crossed Mount Oho-yama. He had already reached the summit when he became hungry and had food on the moun- tain. The God of the mountain plagued the Prince. He assumed the form of a white deer and stood before him. The Prince, wondering at this, took a stick of garlic, and jerked it at the white deer, striking it in the eye and killing it.2) Here the Prince suddenly lost his way and could find no issue. Then a white dog came of its own accord, and made a show of guiding the Prince. Following the dog, he proceeded on his way, and succeeded in coming out into Mino. Kibi no Take- hiko, coming out from Koshi, met him. Before this when any one crossed the Shinano pass, he inhaled so much of the breath of the Deity that he became ill and lay down. But after the white deer was killed, the travellers who crossed that moun- tain chewed garlic,®> and smearing with it men, kine, and horses, preserved them from being affected by the Deity’s ‘breath.
‘breath.
Yamato-dake no Mikoto, having returned back again to Ohari, straightway took to wife a daughter of the Ohari House, by name Miyazu-hime, and tarried there until the next month. Here he heard that on Mount Ibuki in Afumi there was asavage Deity. So he took off his sword, and leaving it in the house of Miyazu-hime, went on afoot. When he arrived at Mount Ibuki, the God of the mountain took the shape of a great- serpent, and posted himself on the road. Hereupon 1 Kake-hashi, a bridge supported on poles driven into the side of a cliff. Common in some mountainous parts of Japan.
= Ghi kes 2h 3.“ Another popular device (in Scotland) for frightening away witches and fairies was to hang bunches of garlic about the farms.” “ Auld Licht Idylls,” by J. M. Barrie.
Dennys, in his ‘ Folk-lore of China,” mentions several cases of the use of garlic or onions to keep away evil spirits.
KEIKO. 209 Yamato-dake no Mikoto, not knowing that it was the master God who had become a serpent, said to himself:—‘ This serpent must be the Savage Deity’s messenger. Having already slain a master God, is a messenger worth hunting after?” Accordingly he strode over the serpent and passed on. Then the God of the mountain raised up the clouds, and made an icy rain to fall. The tops ofthe hills became covered with mist, and the valleys involved in gloom. There was no path which he could follow. He was checked and knew not whither to turn his steps. However, braving the mist, he forced his way onwards, and barely succeeded in findingan issue. He was still beside himself like a drunken man. He therefore sat down beside a spring at the foot of the mountain, and, having drunk of the water, recovered his senses. Therefore that spring was called the Wi-same' spring.
It was at this time that Yamato-dake no Mikoto first became ill. The disease gradually increased and he returned to Ohari. Here he did not enter the house of Miyazu-hime, but passed on to Ise and reached Otsu.” Formerly, in the year when Yamato-date no Mikoto was proceeding eastwards, he halted on the shore at Otsu and partook of food. At that time he took off a sword which he laid down at the foot of a fir-tree. Eventually he went away forgetting it. When he now came to this place, the sword was still there. Therefore he made a song, saying:— Ob! thou single pine-tree! That art right opposite To Ohari— Ah me—thou single pine-tree! If thou wert a man, Garments I would clothe thee with, A sword I would gird on thee.
When he came to the moor of Nobo, his sufferings became very severe. So he made an offering of the Yemishi whom he had captured to the Shrine of the God.* He therefore sent Kibi no Take-hiko to report to the Emperor, saying:—‘‘ Thy servant having received the command of the Celestial Court, undertook a distant expedition to the wilds of the East, where 1 Sit-sober. 2 Not Otsu on the southern shore of Lake Biwa, but a place in Ise.
3 As slaves. Pp WAT 305 Willa Bee 210 NIHONGI.
by the favour of the Gods, and trusting in the mighty power of the Emperor, I made the rebellious to submit themselves for punishment, and: the violent deities to become moderate. Therefore I rolled up my armour, laid aside. my weapons, and was returning peacefully. It was my hope on such a day at such an hour to report my mission to the Celestial Court.'. But the life allotted me by Heaven has unexpectedly approached an end. Passing swiftly as a four-horse carriage passes a crack in the road, it may not be stayed. Alone I lay me down on the waste moor with none to say a word tome. But why should I regret the loss of this body? My only grief is that I cannot meet thee.”’
Having said so, he died on the moor of Nobo. He was then thirty years of age. When the Emperor heard it, he could not sleep peacefully on his couch, nor was the taste of food sweet to him. Night and day his voice was choked with grief: with tears and lamentations he beat his breast. Therefore he ex- claimed aloud, saying:—‘‘Oh! Our son, Prince Wo-usu! Formerly when the Kumaso revolted he was still a boy. But for a long time he bore the labour of campaigning. After- wards he was constantly at Our side, supplying Our deficiencies. Then when the troubles with the Eastern savages arose, there was no one else whom We could send to smite them, so in spite of Our affection for him, We sent him into the country of the enemy. No day passed that we did not think of him. Therefore morning and evening We longingly awaited the day ofhisreturn. Oh! what acalamity! Oh! whatacrime! While We least expected it, we suddenly lost Our child. Henceforth with whom to help us shall we manage the vast institution? ” So he commanded his ministers and through them instructed the functionaries? to bury him in the misasagi of Nobo Moor in the Land of Ise.
Now Yamato-dake no Mikoto, taking the shape of a white bird, came forth from the misasagi, and flew towards the Land of Yamato. The Ministers accordingly opened the coffin, and looking in, saw that only the empty clothing remained, and 1 This sentence is in the “ Shukai” edition introduced at the end of this speech. 2 Lit. the hundred bureaus.
. KEIKO. 211 that there was nocorpse. Thereupon messengers were sent to follow in search of the white bird. It stopped on the plain of Kotobiki in Yamato. Accordingly in that place a misasagi was erected. The white bird flew on again until it reached Kahachi, where it rested in the village of Furuchi, and in this place also a misasagi' was erected. Therefore the men of that day called these three misasagi “‘ the white bird misasagi.”? At last it soared aloft to Heaven, and there was nothing buried but his clothing and official cap. The Emperor, wishing to perpetuate the fame of his services, established the Takeru *® Be. This was in the 43rd year of the Emperor’s reign.
5Ist year, Spring, mst month, 7th day. The Emperor summoned his Ministers, and feasted them for several days. Now the Imperial Prince Waka-tarashi-hiko no Mikoto and Takechi no Sukune did not come to the Banqueting Court. The Emperor sent for them and asked the reason., Therefore they represented to the Emperor, saying:—‘‘On a day of festival, the Ministers and functionaries must have their minds bent on jollity, and they do not think of the State. In view of the possibility of there being madmen, who might watch for an unprotected space in the ramparts, we remain on guard beneath the Gate* and provide against emergencies.” Then the Emperor spake and said:—‘“‘ Splendid!’? So he showed them an extraordinary affection.
Autumn, 8th. month, 4th day. Waka-tarashi-hiko no Mikoto was appointed Prince Imperial. On this day Takechi no Sukune was appointed Prime Minister.
The cross-sword Kusanagi, which was at first worn by Yamato-dake no Mikoto, is now in the shrine of Atsuta in the district of Ayuchi, in the province of Ohari. Nowthe Yemishi who had been presented to the shrine brawled day and_ night, and were disrespectful in their goings out and comings in. Then Yamato-hime no Mikoto said:—‘* These Yemishi should not be allowed near the shrine.’’. Accordingly she sent them up ' I have seen this tumulus. It is a very large double mound surrounded by a moat.
? Shira-torino Misasagi. Many of the tumuli are favourite resorts of the white egret, whence doubtless the name.
3 Or Take, brave. * Mikado means “ august gate.”
PZ Valls oe A.D, I2I.
IND Eee 8% 212 NIHONGI.
to the Court, where they were made to settle beside Mount Mimoro. Ere long they cut down all the trees of the sacred’ mountain. They shouted and bawled in the neighbouring villages and threatened the people. The Emperor, hearing this, summoned his Ministers, and said:—‘‘ The Yemishi who were placed beside the sacred mountain have by nature the hearts of beasts. They cannot be allowed to dwell in the inner country.” So he caused them to be stationed without the home provinces, in any places which they pleased. They were the ancestors of the present Saheki’ Be of the five provinces of Harima, Sanuki, Iyo, Aki, and Aha.
In the beginning Yamato-dake no Mikoto took the Imperial Princess Futachi-iri-hime, and made her his consort.” She bore Prince Ineyori-wake, next the Emperor Tarashi-naka-tsu- hiko,* next Nuno oshi-iri-hime no Mikoto, and next Prince Waka-take. The eldest of these, Prince Ineyori-wake, was the first ancestor of the two families of the Kimi of Inu-gami and of the Kimi of Takebe. Another consort, named Kibi no Anato no Take-hime, daughter of Kibi no Take-hiko, bore to him Prince Take-miko and Prince Towoki-wake. The elder of these, Prince Take-miko, was the first ancestor of the Kimi of Aya in Sanuki. Prince Towoki-wake was the first ancestor of the Kimi of Wake in Iyo. His next consort, Oto-tachibana hime, daughter of Oshiyama no Sukune, of the Hodzumi House, bore to him Prince Waka-take-hiko. | s2nd year, Summer, 5th month, 4th day. The Empress Harima no Oho-iratsume died.
Autumn, 7th month, 7th day. Ya-saka-iri-hime no Mikoto was appointed Empress.
33rd year, Autumn, 8th month, 1st day. The Emperor commanded his Ministers, saying:—‘‘ When will Our longing for Our son cease? We desire to make a tour of inspection to the region subdued by Prince Wo-usu.”” In this month he The Chinese characters for Saheki mean “Assistant-Chief.” It is apparently a Chinese word and not Japanese, and therefore it seems out of place in the history of a period long previous to the introduction of Chinese learning. - But, however unhistorical this narrative may be, it goes to prove that there is an Aino element in the Japanese nation.
2 She-was his aunt.. 3 Chiuai Tenné.
-KEIKO. 213 mounted into his carriage and made a progress to Ise; where, turning aside, he entered the East Sea provinces. __ Winter, roth month. He arrived at the province of Kadzusa, whence by the sea-route he crossed over to the harbour of Aha.
At this time the Emperor, hearing the cry of a fish-hawk, wished to see the bird’s form. So he went out upon the sea in search of it, and caught clams. Hereupon the ancestor of the Kashihade no Omi,’ by name Ihaka Mutsukari, made shoulder- straps of bulrushes, and preparing a hash of the clams, put it before the Emperor. Therefore he commended the service rendered by the Omi Ihaka Mutsukari, and granted him the Stewards’ Ohotomo Be.
12th month. The Emperor returned from the Eastern country and dwelt in Ise. This was called the Kambata __ Palace.
54th year, Autumn, gth month, roth day. From Ise the Emperor returned to Yamato, and dwelt in the Palace of Makimuku.
55th year, Spring, 2nd month, 5th day. Prince Hiko-sa- jima was appointed Governor-general' of the fifteen provinces of the Té-san-d6é.2 He was a grandson of Toyoki no Mikoto. But when he arrived at the village of Anashi in Kasuga he fell ill and died. i At this time the people of the Eastern Land, grieved that the Prince did not arrive, secretly purloined his body, and buried it in the land of Kodzuke.’
56th year, Autumn, 8th month. The Emperor commanded Prince Mimoro-wake, saying:—‘‘ Thy father, Prince Hiko- sajima, was unable to proceed to his governorship and died prematurely. Therefore do thou undertake the absolute rule of the Eastern Land.” So Mimoro-wake no Mikoto, having received the Emperor’s commands, and being also desirous of accomplishing his father’s work, straightway proceeded thither, and undertook the government. He had already attained to a 3 Several ancient tumuli near the village of Ohomuro in this province are perhaps the tombs of this dynasty of governors. They are described in a paper by Satow,am “ T.A.S.J.,” Vol. VIII., p. 327.
Walle 3: i) VDI 37, AED Fo K; 214 NIHONGI.
good administration when the Yemishi made a disturbance. So he raised an army and attacked them. Then the Yemishi chieftains, Ashi-furi-he, Oho-ha-furi-he, and Tohotsu Kura-ho- he bowed their heads to the ground and came; they made deep obeisance.and accepted punishment, offering him all their territory without exception. Therefore he pardoned those who surrendered, and put to death those who would not submit. On this account the Eastern Land was for a long time free from trouble. Therefore his descendants are to this day in the Eastern Land.
57th year, Autumn, gth month. The Pool of Sakate was constructed, and the embankment planted with bamboos.
Winter, roth month. It was commanded that every pro- vince should erect granaries of the labourers’ Be.’
58th year, Spring, 2nd month, 11th day. The Emperor made a progress to the Land of Ohomi, and dwelt in Shiga for three years. This was called the Palace of Taka-Anaho.
6oth year, Winter, 11th month, 7th day. The Emperor died in the Palace of Taka-Anaho at the age of 106.
THE EMPEROR WAKA-TARASHI-HIKO. (SEIMU* TENNO.)
The Emperor Waka-tarashi-hiko was the fourth child of the Emperor Oho-tarashi-hiko-oshiro-wake. The name of the Empress his mother was Ya-saka-iri-hime no Mikoto, daughter of the Imperial Prince Ya-saka-iri-hiko.. He was appointed Prince Imperial in the 46th year of the Emperor Oho-tarashi- hiko, being then aged twenty-four years. In the 6oth year of his reign, Winter, the 11th month, the Emperor Oho-tarashi- hiko died.
Ist year, Spring, ist month, 5th day. The Prince Imperial assumed the Imperial Dignity. This year was the year Kanoto Hitsuji (8th) of the Cycle.
2nd year, Winter, 11th month, roth day. The Emperor Tih OR. as. Ty. 205. Accomplish-functions, SEIMU. 215 Oho-tarashi-hiko was buried in the misasagi over the road at Yamanobe in the province of Yamato.
The Empress was honoured with the title of Grand Empress. VI. 38.
3rd year, Spring, ist month, 7th day. Takechi no Sukune a.p. 133. was made Prime Minister. In the beginning the Emperor was born on the same day with Takechi no Sukune, and he there- fore had an extraordinary affection for him.
Ath year, Spring, 2nd month, 1st day. The Emperor com- a.p. 134. manded, saying:—‘‘Our predecessor on the throne, the Emperor Oho-tarashi-hiko, was clear-sighted and of divine valour. When he became subject to the scheme’ and received over the plan he ruled Heaven and was in accordance with Man. He swept away the banditti, and restored right. His virtue was like a canopy, his path harmonized with develop- ment. Therefore in all the land under Universal Heaven there was none who did not recognize him as Sovereign. VII. 39. Of all things endowed with life and possessed of soul were there; any which did not find their place?
We have now succeeded him in the occupation of the precious felicity. Morning and night we tremble and fear. But the people are like wriggling worms, and will not reform the savagery of their hearts. In the provinces and districts there are no Lords, in the villages there are no Chiefs.” Hence- forward let there be established Lords in the provinces, and let there be Chiefs placed in the villages. Accordingly let men of ability ofthe provinces be taken and appointed Chiefs over provinces and districts, so as to form a defence for the Inner Country.” ° 5th year, Autumn, gth month. A decree was issued to all a.p. 135. the provinces establishing Miyakko (governors) in the provinces and districts, and Inaki* in the villages. All were granted 1 The scheme of the permutations of the five elements. “Thus water is said to overcome fire and so forth. Each dynasty is believed to be subject to the influence of the element which overcomes that prevailing with the previous dynasty, and all human affairs are referable to the same occult influence.” Mayers’ Manual, p. 317. This whole speech is intensely Chinese.
2 This cannot be correct. > i.e. the Gokinai.
* Inaki is literally rice-castle, i.e. granary. The office seems to be some- thing like mayor. It subsequently became a mere title, and eventually a surname.
ti) AND 7 os A.D.
216 NIHONGI.
shields and spears as emblems of authority. So the mountains and rivers were made boundaries for the separation of one province and district from another, whilst the bounds of town- ships and villages were established by means of lanes. In this way East and West were reckoned as in a line with the sun, while North and South were reckoned as athwart the sun.’ The sunny side of the mountains was called the light-face and the shady side of the mountains the back-face.?
In this way the people had tranquil possession of their dwellings, and the Empire was at peace.
48th year, Spring, 3rd month, 1st day. The Emperor appointed his nephew Tarashi-naka-tsu-hiko no Mikoto Prince Imperial.’