PAGE 256, lines 17-20. "For since there is an individual diversity," etc. Of. Neio Essay*, Bk. II., chap. 27, § 3, Tli., ante, p. 231), and note 1; Bk. III., chap. 6, § 8, Th., infra, pp. 331, and 332, note 1. All true or actual difference is individual difference, consisting in some internal dif ferentiating principle specifying the existence in this or that definite way, even though it first reveals itself only in " the course of time." With this thought is closely connected that of identity, on which cf. ante, p. 247, and note to lines 7-9, ante, p. 760.
PAGE 257, note 1. After "Erdmann," add: Janet.
PAGE 258, line 10, " Magnitude which I call imperfect.'1'1 An imperfect magnitude is one which, because of its infinite minuteness, admits of no measurement.
PAGE 259, note 1. After "Erdmann," add: Janet. PAGE 259, note 3. After " Erdmann," add: Janet.
PAGE 261, note 1. Add: Piinjer, Gesch. d. christlich. Relirjionsphi- losophie, Braunschweig, 1880, 1, 123, Eng. trans., Edinburgh, 1887, 1, 165, in his account of the controversy of Vedelius and Joh. Musams (cf. ante, p. 587, notes 1, 2), gives, from Musseus, another use of the term. Piinjer says: "1st aber die philosophische Piiiniisse allgemein, die theo- logische partikular, dann muss sorgfiiltig untersucht werden, ob die betreffenden philosophischen Principien nothwendig und allgemein gel- ten (absolute et simpliciter necessaria) oder nur fur ein besonderes Gebiet, bcdinyuncjsiveise (secundum quid et physicey; i.e. "But if the philosophical premiss is universal and the theological premiss is particular, then it must be carefully examined whether the philosophical principle in question is necessarily and universally valid (absolute et simpliciter neces saria), or applies only to a particular sphere and conditionally (secundum quid et physice)." [Italics are mine. — TR.]
PAGE 261, note 2. Add: Cf. New Essays, Bk. II., chap. 21, § 55, ante, p. 208, and note to p. 208, line 25, ante, p. 755.
PAGE 262, note 1. Add: Leibnitz, Observationes de Principio Juris, § 13 (Dutens, Leibnit. op. om., 4, Pt. III., 273), says: " Deum esse omnis naturalis juris auctorem (quod ait § 41) verissimum est, at non voluntate, sed ipsa essentia sua, qua ratione etiam auctor est veritatis," etc.
PAGE 262, note 2. Add: Cf., also, Dr. Robinson's Lecture, "Moral Law in its relations to Physical Science and to Popular Religion," in Boston Monday Lectures — Christ and Modern Thought — 1880-1881, PAGE 263, note 1. Add: Teubner, Leipzig, 1865. Vopiscus says of Bonosus: " Bibit, quantum hominum nemo. De hoc Aurelianus saepe dicebat: 'Non ut vivat natus est, sed ut bibat,' quern quidem diu in honore habuit causa militife. Nam siquando legati barbarorum unde- cumque gentium venissent ipsi propinabantur, ut eos inebriaret atque ab 762 LEIBNITZ'S CRITIQUE OF LOCKE his per vinum cuncta cognosceret. Ipse quantumlibet bibisset, semper securus et sobrius et, ut Onesimus (licit, scriptor vitse Probi, adhuc in vino prudentior."
The reference in the next line, also taken from Vopiscus, ibid., is to Proculus, and not Bonosus, and the text should be corrected accordingly.
PAGE 264, line 10, "Depends upon truth." I.e., as Schaarschmidt says, "upon the ever-equal reality of the ethical world-order."
PAGE 267, note 1. After " Erdmann," add: Janet.
PAGE 270, note 1. After "Erdmann," add: Janet.
PAGE 273, note 1. After "Erdmann," add: Janet.
PAGE 273. note 2. After " Erdmann," add: Janet.
PAGE 274, note 1. After "Erdmann," add: Janet. After "§15," add: So also Eraser's Locke's Essay, 1, 493.
PAGE 275, note 1. After "Erdmann," add: Janet. Eraser's Locke's Essay, I, 494, reads: "betwixt the 100,000th and the 1,000,000th part of it."
PAGE 276, note 1. Add: Cf. Gerhardt, Leibniz, philos. Schrift., 3, 225, where Leibnitz says: " II est encor a propos de considerer qu'il y a deux abus considerables dans les definitions, qu'on peut commettre en voulant former des idees: 1'un est ce que 1'excellent Jungius (<•/. Appendix, infra, p. 636, note 1), appelloit obreption, 1'autre est ce que j'appelle chimerisme, par exemple si quelqu'un raisonnoit ainsi: il m'est permis de combiner les ide'es, et de donner un nom & ce qui en resulte; prenons done l'ide"e d'une substance ou il n'y ait rien que de 1'etendue et appellons cela corps, done les corps qui sont dans la nature n'ont rien que de 1'etendue, il y auroit a la fois ces deux fautes dans ce raisonnement. L1 obreption y seroit en ce qu'ayant donn6 au mot: corps, la definition qui bon me semble (ce qui est en quelque fa^on arbitraire), je veux par apres 1'appliquer ft ce que d'autres homines appellent corps. C'est comme si dans la Geometric quelqu'un donnoit & ce mot: ovale, la definition que d'autres Geometres donnent it 1' Ellipse, et vouloit prouver par apres que les ovales de M. des Cartes sont des sections du cone. Le chimerisme est icy d' avoir fait une combinaison impossible, car on n'accorde point qu'il est possible qu'il y ait une substance qui n'ait que de 1'etendue. Je scais que ces Messieurs veulent se justifier de 1' obreption, en disant qu'on ne sgauroit concevoir autre chose dans les corps qui sont dans la nature, que ce qu'ils ont mis dans leur definition; mais en cela ils commettent une fausse supposition, ou bien ils confondent concevoir et imaginer; car il est bien vray qu'on ne S9auroit imaginer que ce qui est etendu, mais ils reconnoissent eux memes ailleurs qu'on congoit des choses qui ne sont pas imaginables. Ouy, diront ils, mais ce n'est que la pense"e qu'on ne peut point imaginer. Je reponds, qu'en cela ils font encor une autre fausse supposition, en pre- ADDITIONS AND CORRECTIONS 763 tendant quo rien nc sc,auroit estre 0011511 que pense"e et e'tendue, oublians qu'ils parlent souvent eux memes de la force qui n'est pourtant ny Pun ny 1'autre, outre qu'ils n'ont point prouve" qu'il n'y a rien de possible que ce que nous concevons. " PAGE 277, line 8, "Capable of existing together." Leibnitz, in argu ing against Locke's view of the passivity of the mind in relation to its "simple ideas" and its activity in their combination into "complex ideas," affirms that the mind " is active in reference to simple ideas," that the relations are objectively significant and valid through the deter mination of the "supreme intelligence," that the mixed modes "may be real accidents," which do not become merely subjective from the fact that we perceive them by thought. According to Leibnitz, everything really possible is in a certain sense an actual object of intelligence: to the divine intelligence an actual, to the human intelligence a universally possible object. The external existence of this thought-object really adds nothing to the being of this object, and alters nothing in the relation of the thought to it. Cf., also, New Essays, Bk. II., chap. 12, § 3, Ph., ante, p. 147, and note to line 2 from bottom, "modes," ante, p. 748.
PAGE 277, note 2, line 1. After " 345a 25," add: oi 5£ irepi 'Kva&ybpav Kal Arj/A&KpiTov (fiHtJS elvai TO yd\a \tyovcriv HffTpwv TIV&V • rbv yap rj\iov vrrb TTJV yrjv (pfpofjifvov oi/x. dpdv evia TUV acfrptav.
PAGE 281, note 2. Add: The Greek text of the passages referred to in the note is as follows: Ilepi ^ir^s T, 6, 430a 26-30: ij ptv oSv r&v ddiaip^Tuv vorjffis fv TOVTOLS, irepl a OVK e<rn rb t/'eCSos • iv oh dt Kal rb ij/fuSos Kal TO d\r)6ts, (rvvdeats TIS tfSrj vorjfj.aTCjjv uffirep ev &VTIJIV, Ka.6a.irep 'K/j.Tre8oK\T]s fffrrj " rj TTO\\UV /j.ev Koptrai d^ai/xefes f/3\dffTrjffav," tTreira crvvTldfffdai rrj <f>i\ia.
Ilept 'Ep/uTjveias I., 16a 12: cnj/j.eioi' 5" eirrt roOSe* Kai yap 6 rpaytXafios ffrj/jiaivfi /j.tv ri, ovirw 5^ d\Tjt)£s TJ i/'eOSoj, lav fj.r] TO eivai. rj /J.TJ elvai TrpoffTeftrj, r) aVXtos ft Kara XPOVOV- Cf., also, New Essays, Bk. III., chap. 3, infra, pp. 310-318, and the notes, especially pp. 310, note 2, 317, note 3.
PAGE 281, line 17, "Possibility." Schaarschmidt states that Christian Wolf placed this definition of truth here given by Leibnitz at the head of his collected science. According to Wolf, Log. Disc, prcelectt., philoso phy is the science of the possible so far as it can be. Ueberweg, Hist, of Philos., Eng. trans, by Morris, New York, 1871, Vol. 1, p. 4, gives it, Pliilos. Eationalis. Disc. Prcelim., §29: " philosophia est scientia possi- bilium, quatenus esse possunt."
PAGE 281, note 1. After "Essays," add: Bk. III., chap. 3, § 15, Th., infra, pp. 315 sq., especially p. 317, note 3; after " chap. 5," add: ad fin., infra, p. 452, and note 1.
PAGE 282, note 1. After " Erdmann," add: Janet. PAGE 282, note 2. After " lirdmann," add: Janet.
7G4 LEIBNITZ'S CRITIQUE OF LOCKE PAGE 283, line 17, " Ottavio Pisani." An Italian jurist, who published in Italian his Lycuryus seu leges promptam justitiam promoventes; trans lated into German, and published, Sulzbach, 1GG6, 12mo. Leibnitz men tions him in his Bedenken ivelchergestalt den Mangeln des Justiz-Wesens IN TIIEORIA abzuhelfen, cf. Guhrauer, Leibnitz's deutsche /Schrift., 1, 257, also Beilagen, ibid., 42; Dutens, Leibnit. op. am., 4, Pt. 3, 230-234 (Latin trans, of the same, regarding which, cf. Guhrauer, op. Git., 1, 41 sq. — On p. 41, op. cit., line 9 from bottom, "220-24" should read: 230-234, as above cited, the present reading being a typographical error).
PAGE 283, note 1. After " Erdmann," add: Janet.
PAGE 284, line 17, "Inclinations." Schaarschmidt says that "in these remarks lies the germ of the recognition of the law of association, which " Johann Gebhard Ehrenreich Christian Maass, 1766-1823, Professor of Philosophy at Halle University, " further elaborated in his Versuch iiber die Einbildunyskraft, Halle and Leipzig, 1797; afterwards J. F. Fries, 1773-1843, in his Neue Kritik der Vernunft, 2d ed., 1828-1831, p. 148 sq., and which finally J. F. llerbart, 1776-1841, and his school have attempted more closely to investigate and establish." F. H. Bradley, The Princi ples of Logic, pp. 279, 297, 312, 313, refers to a portion of Maass' discus sion. Cf., also, Hamilton's Beid, Notes D** and D***, 2, 882-917, espe cially 890, 899, 913 sq. Maass followed Wolff's Psych. Emp., Frankfort and Leipzig, 1732, ed. Nova, 1738; but he may also have been influenced somewhat by Leibnitz, as the New Essays were published in 1705 by Raspe, and therefore accessible for nearly thirty years before his own work appeared.
PAGE 284, note 1. After "Erdmann," add: Janet.
PAGE 284, note 2. After "Erdmann," add: Janet.
PAGE 284, note 3. After "Erdmann," add: Janet.
PAGE 284, note 4. After "Erdmann," add: Janet.
PAGE 286, note 1. Add: Recently Mr. R. L. Garner has been investi gating the language of monkeys, with the aid of the phonograph, and published an account of his investigations in an interesting book entitled The Speech of Monkeys, New York, Chas. L. Webster & Co., 1892. An unfavorable notice of the book appeared in "The Nation," October 6, 1892, p. 267 b, the gist of which appears in the following sentence: " As a scientific record of original discoveries, it has little value."
PAGE 288, note 1. Add: Cf. New Essays, Bk. III., chap. 3, § 5, Th., infra, pp. 307, 308. Also, Hamilton, Metaphysics, Lect. XXXVI., pp.
PAGE 297, line 11, " Hypothesis," etc. Leibnitz's hypothesis has been wholly verified by modern philology.
PAGE 297, note 1. Add: For an interesting account of Leibnitz's services to comparative philology, cf. Max Miiller, Lccts. on the Science ADDITIONS AND CORRECTIONS 705 of Lanr/nagc, 2cl ed., London, 1862, Lect. 4, pp. 131-135; New York, Chas. Scribner, 1802, pp. 135-139. Cf., also, Guhrauer, Leibnitz, Eine Biographie, 2, 120 sq.; Voucher de Careil, (Eitvres de Leibniz, 7, 519 sq., a rough draft of a memorial of Leibnitz concerning the study of lan guages...in the Russian Empire.
PAGE 298, note 1, line 3 from end. After "p. 409," insert: "Lites de Boehmianis sententiis inanes esse censeo, et Boehmium nee sibi, nedum aliis intellectum," i.e. etc.
PAGE 300, note 3. After " Erdmann," add: Janet. PAGE 300, note 4. After " Erdmann," add: Janet. PAGE 300, note 5. After "Erdmann," add: Janet.
PAGE 304, note 1, line 8. After "Dutens, op. cit., Vols.," add: 4, Pt. II., p. 50: Ab insigni apud Bremenses Theologo Gerhardo Meiero, qui (ut hoc obiter dicam) hortatu meo prteclarum opus aggressus est Glossarii Saxonici titulo, in quo origines Germanicarum vocum multas eruet illus- trabitque, nee pauca non pervulgata proferet in lucem." At end of note, add: Janet, (Euvres philos. de Leibniz, 1, 274, note 3, gives the dates of Meier's birth and death, 1040-1080, and titles of his "principal philo sophical works ": Compendium logicce divince; Aranearum telas divincv existential testes; De dubitatione sceptica et cartcsiana.
PAGE 304, note 2. Add: The date of Schilter's death being 1705, and the mention of the same in the text as having "just" occurred, is evi dence that Leibnitz at least briefly touched up this part of the New Essays as late as 1705.
PAGE 308, line 10 from bottom. Read: Greathead, instead of '•'•large head; " and line 8 from bottom, read: great, instead of " large."
PAGE 308, line 3 from bottom. After "wormwood," insert: (absin thium).
PAGE 313, line 8, " Living rational being." Cf. Trendelenburg, Histor.
PAGE 310, note 1. After "(Bonn's ed.)." add: Eraser's Locke's Essay, PAGE 317, note 1. Add: cf. New Essays, Bk. IV., chap. 4, § 5, Th., PAGE 317, note 2. Add: Cf., also, Neio Essays, Bk. II., chap. 21, § 3, Th., ante, p. 175, and note to p. 175, line 18, ante, p. 751.
PAGE 317, note 3. Add: Cf., also, Prantl, Gesch. d. Logik, Bd. 1, p. 510, note 33, where he refers to Cicero, Off., I., 2, 7; Fin., II., 2, 5; D. orat., I., 42, 189: " est enim definitio earum rerum, quse sunt eius rei proprise quam definire volumus, brevis et circumscripta qusedam explica- 706 LEIBNITZ'S CRITIQUE OF LOCKE PAGE 321, note 4. After "chap. 9, ad med.," add: " 'How can that be? ' cried Don Quixote; ' didst thou not tell me that thou sawest her winnowing wheat? ' ' Take no heed of that, sir,' replied the squire; ' for the fact is, her message, and the sight of her too, were both by hearsay, and I can no more tell who the lady Dulcinea is than I can bullet the moon.' " PAGE 322, note 1. Add: Aldrich, Artis loyicce. rudimenta, ed. H. L. Mansel, 3d ed., Oxford, 1850, pp. 30, 31 (diagram on p. 31).
PAGE 323, note 1, line 3. After "Erdmann," add: Janet.
PAGE 324, note 2. Add: Hypotli. phys. nova, § 57; Gerhardt, 4, 208. Cf., also, New Essays, note to p. 47, lines 18, 19, ante, p. 720.
PAGE 320, note 1. Add: Cf. note to p. 43, line 14, ante, p. 724. " Leibnitz," says Schaarschmidt, "makes here a weighty remark. All demonstration appeals only to the (real) possible and to that which in a logical way inferred from the same is so far thought-wise necessary; reality or the actual, on the other hand, can be known only historically or empirically, not, however, philosophically."
PAGE 320, note 2. Add: Janet, (Euvres philos. de Leibniz, 1, 293, agrees with the reading of Jacques.
PAGE 329, note 1, line 2. After " 1888," add: Paris Academy ed., by C. M. Galisset, 7th ed., 1802, p. 140; Corpus Juris Civilis, Berlin, Wt-id- mann, 1893 (Inst. of Justinian, ed. by Paul Krueger), Vol. 1, p. 131>; .line 3, after " 1890," add: Collectio Librorum Juris Antejustiniani, cd. Krueger, Mommsen, and Studemund, Vol. 1, pp. 50, 51, 3d ed., Berlin, Weidmann, 1891; line 4, after "1870," add: Corpus Juris Civi/is (Digest, ed. by Mommsen, and paged separately). Vol. 1, p. 112. At end of note, add: Rudolph Sohm, Institutes of Roman Law, trans, from 4th German ed., by Jas. Cranford Ledlie, Oxford, Clarendon Press, 1892, PAGE 332, note 1. Add: For Hegel's interpretation of Leibnitz's prin ciple of individuation, — • principium individnationis, — (cf..Ncw Essays, ante, p. 239, note 1) cf. Wallace, The Logic of Hegel, 2d ed., Oxford, Clarendon Press, 1892, pp. 217, 218.
PAGE 334, note 1. Add: On the natural order in the vegetable king dom, Schaarschmidt cites,1. II. Burekhardi, Epist. ad Leihnitium, Wolffen- biittel, 1703. Cf., also, Epist. G-. G. Leibnitii ad A. C. Gac.kenholtzium, M.D.. de methodo Uotanica, § 10; Dutens, Leibnit. op. om., 2, Pt. II., 173.
ADDITIONS AND CORRECTIONS 767 PAGE 337, note 3. Add: A 5th ed., Hamburg, 1887.
PAGE 343, note 1. Add: Also Gerhardt, Leibniz, math. Schrift., I., 2 [Vol.2], 1-208, Briefwechscl zwischen Leibniz und Hugens van Zulichem. Also an earlier ed. in Pt. II. of Christ. Hugenii aliorumque seculi XVII. vironnn cclebrium exercitationes mathematicce et philosophical. Ex manu- scriptis in bibliotheca Lugduno-Batavce servatis cdidit. P. I. Uylenbroek, Ilagre Comitum, 1833. On the relation of Gerhardt's ed. to that of Uylen broek, c/'. Gerhardt, op. cit., II., 2 [Vol. 2J, 9, 10. Gerhardt says, p. 10: " Es hatte mithin in jedem Falle auf die Sammlung Uylenbroek's Rttck- sicht genoinmen werden miissen, der die Leibnizischen Originale vor sich hatte." Cf., also, New Essays, note to p. 16, line 22, ante, p. 723.
PAGE 344, note 4. Add: Professor Schaarschmidt having kindly sent me Ulrich's note, and Ulrica's translation being rare and generally inac cessible, it is here given: " Dieser Knabe ward 1001 in einem Alter von neun Jahren in einem Walde von Litthauen von den Jaegern unter den Biiren get'unden. Es war noch ein anderer Knabe bei ihm, der aber den Jaegern entwischte. Dieser wehrte sich als man ihn fangen wollte anfang- lich mit seinen Niigeln und Zahnen ungemein tapfer, musste aber zuletzt der Gewalt nachgeben. Er war iibrigens wohl proportionirt, weiss, hatte blonde Haare und eine angenehme Gesichtsbildung; man kommte ihn aber durch nichts bandigen, vielweniger zu Kleidung und menschlicher Nahr- ung gewohnen. Er erhielt in der Taufe den Namen Joseph Ursinus."
The story is of course fabulous, it being impossible during the winter to live in Poland without clothes, even were it anywise probable that bears would live with children without eating them."
PAGE 349, note 1, line 3 from bottom. Dele "2d ed." — since, accord ing to the author's " Avertissement," the work "is not a 2d ed." of his earlier work, entitled De la philosophic scholastique, 2 vols., Paris. 1850, but an entirely new and independent work.
PAGE 353, line 5, " Prophetic vision." Leibnitz wrote a critical essay on the Story of Balaam, which is found in Dutens, Leibnit. op. om., 4, I't. II., 275-278. Wilhelm Brambach has published a monograph, en titled Gottfried Wilhelm Leibniz Verfasser der Ifistoire de Bileam, Leipzig, 1887, in which he gives an account of the various arguments for and against its Leibnitzian authorship, maintains that Leibnitz was the author, and gives Leibnitz's approved text of the piece.
PAGE 380, note 1. Add: On More, cf. Tullooh, national Theology and Christian Philosophy in England in the 17th Century, Edinburgh, 768 LEIBNITZ'S CRITIQUE OF LOCKE Wm. Blackwoocl & Sons, 1872, 2, 303-409, the "ethereal vehicles," 3PG, the "spirit of nature," 397.
PAGE 382, note 1. Add: Of. New Essays, 13k. I., chap. 1, ante. p. 67, and note to p. 67, lines 3, 4, ante, p. 732.
PAGE 382, note 2. Add: Cf. also, Dutens, Leibnit. op. om., 6, Pt. I., 315, Leibnitiana, No. C., where Leibnitz says: " Henricus Morus statuit prseexistentiam animarum, sive quod animse creatse fuerint cum mundo, quain seiitentiain Plato, Origmes, aliique jampridem foverunt. Mea opinio est, omnia, ut sic dicam, plena esse animarum vel analogarum naturarum, et ne brutorum quidem animas interire."
PAGE 386, note 1. Instead of "Jacques reads," read: Jacques and Janet read, etc.
PAGE 387, note 1. Add: In the "Bulletin des Sciences Mathema- tiques, 2d Series, Vol. 16, 1892, Pt. I., p. 18, in a review of C. Iluygens, (Euvres completes, La Haye, 1888 sg., the following statement occurs: " La courbe a'2y — x'2(a — x) rentre dans la categoric ge'ne'rale des courbes ap+q-ryr — xp^a_x^qii qU'On appelle les perles de de Sluse. Elle est une cubique a centre (au point d' inflexion x=$a,?/=o)." Cf., also, the letters in this ed. of Huygens, Nos. 401, 403, 408, 419, 434, 436, referred to in this review. In letter 461, the review goes on to say: " il est question d'un rapport remarquable entre les deux perles d-y- = xj(a — x) et y4 = xA(a — x)." Cf., also, letter 435.
PAGE 392, lines 6, 7. "The majority of the mixed modes nowhere exist together." The French text of all the editions is: "La pluspart des modes composes n'existent nulle part ensemble." The grammatical con fusion of a singular subject and plural verb is probably occasioned by the too condensed summary of Locke's statement, i.e. "Another reason that makes the defining of mixed modes so necessary, especially of moral words, is what I mentioned a little before, viz. that it is the only way whereby the signification of the most of them can be known with cer tainty. For the ideas they stand for, being for the most part such whose component parts nowhere exist together," etc. (Fraser's Locke's Essay, 2, 158; Locke, Philos. Works, Bohn's ed., 2, 122); in Coste's trans., ed. 1742, p. 421, ed. 4 vols., 1774, 3, 276: " Une autre raison qui rend la definition des Modes mixtes si ne"cessaire, et sur-tout celle des mots qui appartiennent a la Morale, c'est ce que je viens de dire en pas sant, que c'est la seule voie par oil Von puisse avoir certainement la sig nification de la plnpart de ces mots. Car la plus grande partie des ide'es qu'ils signifient, etant de telle nature qu'elles n'existent nulle part ensem ble," etc.
ADDITIONS AND CORRECTIONS 769 PAGE 404, note 1. Add: For a specimen of Euclid reduced to syllo gisms, extracted from the very curious and rare Analyses G-eometrictK of Herlimis and Dasypodius, cf. Aldrich, Art-is Loyicce lludimenta, ed. Mansel, Oxford, 1856, 3d ed., Appendix, note L, ad fin., pp. 264-266. Sir William Hamilton calls Herlinus and Dasypodius " zealous but thick headed logicians," Aldrich, op. cit., p. 248, note r (Mansel). The 5th proposition of the 1st Bk. is also analyzed by Mill, Logic, Bk. II., chap. 4, pp. 162, 1C:], 8th ed., New York, Harper and Bros., 1881.
PAGE 405, note 1. After " Erdmann," add: Janet. PAGE 405, note 2. After " Erdmann," add: Janet.
PAGE 408, note 1. Add: For a brief account of the Ramist- Aristotelian controversy, cf. Punjer, (-fesch. d. Christlich. Religionsphilos., 1, 89-92; Eng. trans., Hist, of the Christian Philos. of Religion, 1, 118-123.
PAGE 412, note 1. After "Erdmann," add: Janet. PAGE 414, note 1. After "Erdmann," add: Janet. PAGE 414, note 2. Add: Eraser, Locke's Essay, 2, 185.
PAGE 42G. At end of first paragraph of note continued from p. 424, after " 1, 187," add: letter to Conring, March 19, 1678, ibid., 1, 199; also the writing with "neither superscription nor place nor date," ibid., 4, PAGES 428, 429. " Certain theologians claim that the fire of hell burns up separated souls." Cf. New Essays, Preface, ante, p. 62, and note to line 10 from bottom, ante, p. 729, 730.
PAGE 431, line 10 from bottom. " Et quidquid Schola finxit otiosa." I have not been able to find the author or source of the Latin line.
PAGE 432, line 11, "Lignum nephriticnm." A term used by the old pharmacologists, signifying a wood, supposed to be that of the horse radish tree, which has been used in decoction for affections of the kid neys, — Nephritic woo'd, from the Greek vetypfa, a kidney.
PAGE 434, note 1. Line 2, after "1890)," add: Collectio Librorum Juris Ante just iniani, ed. Krueger, Mommsen and Studemuml, Berlin, Weidmann, 1891, 1, 86; and line 6, after "1888)," add: Corpus Juris Civilis, Berlin, Weidmann, 1893, 1, 23 b.
PAGE 445, note 1. Add: On the history and significance of the terms rf>a.v- raffia, 4>di'Taa-fj.a, "phantasma," cf. Siebeck, ffesch. d. Psychologic, Gotha, 1880, 1884, passim. Leibnitz in his letter to Thomasius, Feb. 16, 1666, Gerhardt, Leibniz, philos. Schrift., 1,8, says: " Omnis color est impressio in sensorium, non qualitas quiedam in rebus, sed extrinseca denominatio, seuutTh. Hobbes appellat, phantasma.." On Hobbes' use of the term. cf. his Works, and Lange, Hist, of Materialism, 2d ed.. 1, 288-289. For Thomas Aquinas' use of the term, cf. Ueberweg, Hist, of Philos., New 3D 770 LEIBNITZ'S CRITIQUE OF LOCKE PAGE 447, note 1. Add: Eraser, Locke's Exsay, 2, '237-239, and cf. ibid.,2, 73, note 3: "An idiot, 'Such men do chaungejings call, so chaunged by faries' theft.' Spenser, Faerie Queen, 13k. I., canto X.; also Shakespeare, Midsummer Night's Dream, ii., I., 21."
PAGE 450, note 1, line 4 from bottom. After " pp. 312-314," add: also, G. Groom Robertson, Philos. Remains, Williams & Norgate, 1894, pp.
PAGE 462, note 1. Add: Cf. "Leibnitz and Protestant Theology," by Professor John Watson, of Queen's University, Kingston, Canada, in "The New World," March, 189(5, Vol. 5, pp. 112-122. Cf., also, New Essays, Bk. IV., chap. 7, § 11, Th. (2), infra, p. 474, and note 1; chap. 17, § 23, Th. (2), infra, p. 579, and note 1.
PAGE 4(54, line (5, " The number of the axioms." Mansel, in the Appen dix to his ed. of Aldrich, Artis Loyicce Rudimenta, 3d ed., Oxford, 185(5, p. 258, says: "The numerous attempts of Geometers to diminish or get rid of their axioms have been steps in a wrong direction. The number of axioms, instead of being diminished, should be very considerably in creased; and the errors that have hitherto prevailed on the nature and foundation of Geometrical reasoning have been mainly owing to the man ner in which many indispensable assumptions have been either omitted altogether, or concealed among the definitions."
PAGE 4(55, note 1. Add: Cf. also addition to this note, ante, p. 708.
PAGE 474, note 1. Add: Cf. New Essays, Bk. IV., chap. 6, ad fin., ante, p. 4(52, note 1, and addition thereto above; chap. 17, § 23, Th. (2), infra, p. 579, and note 1, and addition thereto, infra, p. 773. Dieckhoff, Leibnitz Stellung zur Offenbarung, Rostock, 1888.
PAGE 481, note 1. Add: For Aristotle on the "middle term," cf. Wallace, Outlines of the Philos. of Aristotle, 3d ed., 1883, §§ 23, 24, especially the latter, and the passage of Aristotle there quoted. For the history of the term, cf. Prantl, Gesch. d. Logik.
PAGE 482, lines 1-3. The text should read: "Made him reject alto gether their use in the establishment of the truth, and goes as far as to make them a party to confusion [of ideas] in conversation."
PAGE 483, note 1. After "Princlp. Philos., II., §§ 1, 4, 11," add: PAGE 484, note 1, line 2. After " §§ 10 sg.," add: ed. Cousin, 3, 133 sq.
PAGE 480, note 1. Add: Corpus Juris Civilis {Digest ed. Mommsen, and paged separately), Berlin, 1893, 1, 718 b.