Again,.S&riputra, at a future period, after innu¬ merable, inconceivable, immeasurable Aions, when thou shalt have learnt the true law of hundred thousand myriads of ko/is of Tathagatas, showed devotion in various ways, and achieved the present Bodhisattva-course, thou shalt become in the world a Tath&gata, &c., named Padmaprabha 1, endowed with science and conduct, a Sugata, a knower of the world, an unsurpassed tamer of men, a master of gods and men 2, a Lord Buddha.
1 Padma, Nelumbium Speciosum, having a rosy hue, we must infer that Sariputra will be reborn at twilight.
2 The supreme tamer of men is, in reality, Yama, personified Twilight, and as evening twilight the god of death and the ruler of the infernal regions. The word yama itself means both ‘twin’ (cf. twi-light) and ‘tamer.’ Owing to the fact that in mythology many beings are denoted by the name of ‘ the twins,’ e. g. morning and evening, the Ajvins, Castor and Pollux, it is often 66 III.
At that time then,.Sariputra, the Buddha-field of that Lord, the Tathagata Padmaprabha, to be called Virata, will be level, pleasant, delightful, extremely beautiful to see, pure, prosperous, rich, quiet, abound¬ ing with food, replete with many races of men 1; it will consist of lapis lazuli, and contain a checker-board of eight compartments distinguished by gold threads, each compartment having its jewel tree always and perpetually filled with blossoms and fruits of seven precious substances.
Now that Tathagata Padmaprabha, &c.,.Sariputra, will preach the law by the instrumentality of three vehicles 2. Further,.Sariputra, that Tathagata will not appear at the decay of the JEo n, but preach the law by virtue of a vow.
That ^Eon,.Sariputra, will be named Maharatna- pratima^ita (i. e. ornamented with magnificent jewels). Knowest thou,.Slriputra, why that JEon is named Mahiratnapratima/ztfita? The Bodhisat- tvas of a Buddha-field, Sariputra, are called ratnas (jewels), and at that time there will be many Bodhi- sattvas in that sphere (called) Virata; innumerable, incalculable, beyond computation, abstraction made from their being computed by the Tathigatas. On that account is that JE on called Maharatnaprati- ma«afita.
Now, to proceed, Sariputra, at that period the difficult to make out which pair of twins is meant in any particular case. The sun himself appears in the function of Yama, because it is he who makes twilight.
2 Cf. the threefold vehicle, trivrz't ratha, of the Arvins, Rig- III.
A PARABLE.
67 Bodhisattvas of that field will in walking step on jewel lotuses 1. And these Bodhisattvas will not be plying their work for the first time, they having accumulated roots of goodness and observed the course of duty under many hundred thousand Buddhas; they are praised by the Tathagatas for their zealous application to Buddha-knowledge; are perfectioned in the rites preparatory to transcendent knowledge; accomplished in the direction of all true laws; mild, thoughtful. Generally, Sariputra, will that Buddha-region teem with such Bodhisattvas.
As to the lifetime, Sariputra, of that Tathagata Padmaprabha, it will last twelve intermediate kalpas, if we leave out of account the time of his being a young prince. And the lifetime of the creatures then living will measure eight intermediate kalpas. At the expiration of twelve intermediate kalpas, .Sariputra, the Tathagata Padmaprabha, after an¬ nouncing the future destiny of the Bodhisattva called Dlmtiparipfirzza 2 to superior perfect enlightenment, is to enter complete Nirvi/za. ‘This Bodhisattva Mahasattva Dhmiparipuraa, O monks, shall imme¬ diately after me come to supreme, perfect enlighten¬ ment. He shall become in the world a Tathagata named Padmavrfshabhavikramin, an Arhat, &c., endowed with science and conduct, &c. &c.’
Now the Tathagata Padmavrz'shabhavikramin, Sariputra, will have a Buddha-field of quite the same description. The true law, Sariputra, of that Tathagata Padmavnshabhavikramin will, after his 1 We may express the same idea thus: roses are springing up under their feet at every step.
2 Dhrz’ti, perseverance, endurance. Dhrz'tiparipurwa is, full of perseverance or endurance.
68 III.
extinction, last thirty-two intermediate kalpas, and the counterfeit of his true law will last as many intermediate kalpas 1.
And on that occasion the Lord uttered the follow¬ ing stanzas: 23. Thou also, son of.S&ri, shalt in future be a 6rina, a Tathclgata named Padmaprabha, of illimited sight; thou shalt educate thousands of ko/is of living beings 2.
24. After paying honour to many ko/is of Buddhas, making 3 strenuous efforts in the course of duty, and after having produced in thyself the ten powers, thou shalt reach supreme, perfect enlightenment.
25. Within a period inconceivable and immense there shall be an JEon rich in jewels (or, the Aion jewel-rich), and a sphere named Virata, the pure field of the highest of men; 26. And its ground will consist of lapis lazuli, and be set off with gold threads; it will have hundreds of jewel trees, very beautiful, and covered with blossoms and fruits.
27. Bodhisattvas of good memory, able in showing 1 This counterfeit, pratirupaka, of the true law, reminds one of the counterfeit, paitiyaro, produced by Ariman in opposition to the creation of Ormazd; mythologically it is the dark side of nature. That there is some connection between the Buddhistical pratirftpaka and the Iranian paitiyaro can hardly be doubted.
2 A striking example of how the original Prakrit of the verse has been adulterated in order to give it a more Sanskrit colouring is afforded by this stanza. One MS. has bhavishyasi Sdrisutd tuhawpi; another bhavishyase Sdrisutdnukampt, with mar¬ ginal correction tvayampi.
3 Upadayitva, i.e. Pdli upadiyitva, synonymous with ara- bhy a (viryam); the var. lect. upar^ayitva, having acquired, is an innovation, at first sight specious enough.
HI.
A PARABLE.
69 the course of duty which they have been taught under hundreds of Buddhas, will come to be born in that field.
28. And the afore-mentioned Gina, then in his last bodily existence, shall, after passing the state of prince royal, renounce sensual pleasures, leave home (to become a wandering ascetic), and thereafter reach the supreme and the highest enlightenment.
29. The lifetime of that Gina will be precisely twelve intermediate kalpas, and the life of men will then last eight intermediate kalpas.
30. After the extinction of the Tathagata the true law will continue thirty-two /Eons in full, for the benefit of the world, including the gods.
31. When the true law shall have come to an end, its counterfeit will stand for thirty-two intermediate kalpas. The dispersed relics of the holy one will always be honoured by men and gods.
32. Such will be the fate of that Lord. Rejoice, O son of.SSri, for it is thou who shalt be that most excellent of men, so unsurpassed.
The four classes of the audience, monks, nuns, lay devotees male and female, gods, Nagas, goblins, Gandharvas, demons, Gariu/as, Kinnaras, great ser¬ pents, men and beings not human, on hearing the announcement of the venerable Gariputra’s destiny to supreme, perfect enlightenment, were so pleased, glad, charmed, thrilling with delight and joy, that they covered the Lord severally with their own robes, while Indra the chief of gods, Brahma Saham- pati, besides hundred thousands of ko/is of other divine beings, covered him with heavenly garments and bestrewed him with flowers of heaven, Mandi- ravas and great Mandaravas. High aloft they III.
whirled celestial clothes and struck hundred thou¬ sands of celestial musical instruments and cymbals, high in the sky; and after pouring a great rain of flowers they uttered these words: The wheel of the law has been put in motion by the Lord, the first time at Benares at i?fshipatana in the Deer-park; to-day has the Lord again put in motion the supreme wheel of the law.
And on that occasion those divine beings uttered the following stanzas: 33. The wheel of the law was put in motion by thee, O thou that art unrivalled in the world, at Benares, O great hero! (that wheel which is the rotation of) the rise and decay of all aggregates.
34. There it was put in motion for the first time; now, a second time, is it turned here, O Lord. To¬ day, O Master, thou hast preached this law, which is hard to be received with faith 1.
35. Many laws have we heard near the Lord of the world, but never before did we hear a law like this.
36. We receive with gratitude, O great hero, the mysterious speech of the great Sages, such as this prediction regarding the self-possessed Arya Sari- putra.
37. May we also become such incomparable Buddhas in the world, who by mysterious speech announce supreme Buddha-enlightenment.
38. May we also, by the good we have done in this world and in the next, and by our having 1 Du^-rraddheyo yas te 'ya.ni, var. lect. du^jraddheyo ’y an teshaw. It may be remarked that rraddhS not only means faith, belief, but also liking, approval. Cf. the passage in Mahavagga I, 5, 2 sq.; the verses in Lalita-vistara, p. 515.
III. A PARABLE. 7 1 propitiated the Buddha, be allowed to make a vow for Buddhaship.
Thereupon the venerable 6ariputra thus spoke to the Lord: My doubt is gone, O Lord, my un¬ certainty is at an end on hearing from the mouth of the Lord my destiny to supreme enlightenment. But these twelve hundred self-controlled (disciples), O Lord, who have been placed by thee on the stage of iSaikshas 1, have been thus admonished and in¬ structed: ‘ My preaching of the law, O monks, comes to this, that deliverance from birth, decrepitude, dis¬ ease, and death is inseparably connected with Nir¬ vana;’ and these two thousand monks, O Lord, thy disciples, both those who are still under training and adepts, who all of them are free from false views about the soul, false views about existence,false views about cessation of existence, free, in short, from all false views, who are fancying themselves to have reached the stage of Nirvana, these have fallen into uncertainty by hearing from the mouth of the Lord this law which they had not heard before. There¬ fore, O Lord, please speak to these monks, to dispel their uneasiness, so that the four classes of the audi¬ ence, O Lord, may be relieved from their doubt and perplexity.
On this speech of the venerable.Sariputra the Lord 1 I. e. of those who are under training, Pfili sekho. The term is applied to the first seven degrees of persons striving for sancti¬ fication, the eighth, or Arhat, being Asaiksha (Asekha). It implies that they still have a remainder of human passion to eradicate, still duties to perform, still a probation to be passed through; see Childers, Pali Diet. p. 472. The seven degrees of.Saiksha answer to the sevenfold preparatory wisdom in the Yoga system; see Yoga- jfistra 2, 27.
III.
said to him the following: Have I not told thee before, Aariputra, that the Tathagata, &c., preaches the law by able devices, varying directions and indi¬ cations, fundamental ideas, interpretations, with due regard to the different dispositions and inclinations of creatures whose temperaments 1 are so various? All his preachings of the law have no other end but supreme and perfect enlightenment, for which he is rousing beings to the Bodhisattva-course. But, vSlriputra, to elucidate this matter more at large, I will tell thee a parable, for men of good under¬ standing will generally readily enough catch the meaning of what is taught under the shape of a parable.
Let us suppose the following case, Aariputra. In a certain village, town, borough, province, kingdom, or capital, there was a certain housekeeper, old, aged, decrepit, very advanced in years, rich, wealthy, opulent; he had a great house, high, spacious, built a long time ago and old, inhabited by some two, three, four, or five hundred living beings. The house had but one door, and a thatch; its terraces were totter¬ ing, the bases of its pillars rotten, the coverings 2 and plaster of the walls loose. On a sudden the whole house was from every side put in conflagration by a mass of fire. Let us suppose that the man had many little boys, say five, or ten, or even twenty, and that he himself had come out of the house.
Now,.Sariputra, that man, on seeing the house from every side wrapt in a blaze by a great mass of 1 Dhatvajaya, properly the disposition of the constitutive ele¬ ments of the body.
2 Or, boards.
III.
A PARABI.E.
73 fire, got afraid, frightened, anxious in his mind, and made the following reflection: I myself am able to come out from the burning house through the door, quickly and safely, without being touched or scorched by that great mass of fire; but my children, those young boys, are staying in the burning house, playing, amusing, and diverting themselves with all sorts of sports. They do not perceive, nor know, nor understand, nor mind that the house is on fire, and do not get afraid. Though scorched by that great mass of fire, and affected with such a mass of pain, they do not mind the pain, nor do they conceive the idea of escaping.
The man, riariputra, is strong, has powerful arms, and (so) he makes this reflection: I am strong,and have powerful arms; why, let me gather all my little boys and take them to my breast to effect their escape from the house. A second reflection then presented itself to his mind: This house has but one opening; the door is shut; and those boys, fickle, unsteady, and childlike as they are, will, it is to be feared, run hither and thither, and come to grief and disaster in this mass of fire. Therefore I will warn them. So resolved, he calls to the boys: Come, my children; the house is burning with a mass of fire; come, lest ye be burnt in that mass of fire, and come to grief and disaster. But the ignorant boys do not heed the words of him who is their well-wisher; they are not afraid, not alarmed, and feel no misgiving; they do not care, nor fly, nor even know nor understand the purport of the word ‘burning;’ on the contrary, they run hither and thither, walk about, and repeatedly look at their father; all, because they are so ignorant.
74 III.
Then the man is going to reflect thus: The house is burning, is blazing by a mass of fire. It is to be feared that myself as well as my children will come to grief and disaster. Let me therefore by some skilful means get the boys out of the house. The man knows the disposition of the boys, and has a clear perception of their inclinations. Now these boys happen to have many and manifold toys to play with, pretty, nice, pleasant, dear, amusing, and precious. The man, knowing the disposition of the boys, says to them: My children, your toys, which are so pretty, precious, and admirable, which you are so loth to miss, which are so various and multi¬ farious, (such as) bullock-carts, goat-carts, deer-carts, which are so pretty, nice, dear, and precious to you, have all been put by me outside the house-door for you to play with. Come, run out, leave the house; to each of you I shall give what he wants. Come soon; come out for the sake of these toys. And the boys, on hearing the names mentioned of such playthings as they like and desire, so agreeable to their taste, so pretty, dear, and delightful, quickly rush out from the burning house, with eager effort and great alacrity, one having no time to wait for the other, and pushing each other on with the cry of ‘ Who shall arrive first, the very first? ’ The man, seeing that his children have safely and happily escaped, and knowing that they are free from danger, goes and sits down in the open air on the square of the village, his heart filled with joy and delight, released from trouble and hindrance, quite at ease. The boys go up to the place where their father is sitting, and say: ‘Father, give us those toys to play with, those bullock-carts, goat-carts, and III.
A PARABLE.
75 deer-carts.’ Then,.Sariputra, the man gives to his sons, who run swift as the wind, bullock-carts only, made of seven precious substances, provided with benches, hung with a multitude of small bells, lofty, adorned with rare and wonderful jewels, embellished with jewel wreaths, decorated with garlands of flowers, carpeted with cotton mattresses and woollen coverlets, covered with white cloth and silk, having on both sides rosy cushions, yoked with white, very fair and fleet bullocks, led by a multitude of men. To each of his children he gives several bullock- carts of one appearance and one kind, provided with flags, and swift as the wind. That man does so, .Sariputra, because being rich, wealthy, and in posses¬ sion of many treasures and granaries, he rightly thinks: Why should I give these boys inferior carts, all these boys being my own children, dear and precious? I have got such great vehicles, and ought to treat all the boys equally and without partiality. As I own many treasures and granaries, I could give such great vehicles to all beings, how much more then to my own children. Meanwhile the boys are mounting the vehicles with feelings of astonishment and wonder. Now,.Sariputra, what is thy opinion? Has that man made himself guilty of a falsehood by first holding out to his children the prospect of three vehicles and after¬ wards giving to each of them the greatest vehicles only, the most magnificent vehicles?
.Sariputra answered: By no means, Lord; by no means, Sugata. That is not sufficient, O Lord, to qualify the man as a speaker of falsehood, since it only was a skilful device to persuade his children to go out of the burning house and save their 76 III.
lives. Nay, besides recovering their very body, O Lord, they have received all those toys. If that man, O Lord, had given no single cart, even then he would not have been a speaker of falsehood, for he had previously been meditating on saving the little boys from a great mass of pain by some able device. Even in this case, O Lord, the man would not have been guilty of falsehood, and far less now that he, considering his having plenty of treasures and prompted by no other motive but the love of his children, gives to all, to coax 1 them, vehicles of one kind, and those the greatest vehicles. That man, Lord, is not guilty of false¬ hood.
The venerable Variputra having thus spoken, the Lord said to him: Very well, very well, Variputra, quite so; it is even as thou sayest. So, too,.Sari- putra, the Tathagata, &c., is free from all dangers, wholly exempt from all misfortune, despondency, calamity, pain, grief, the thick enveloping dark mists of ignorance. He, the Tathagata, endowed with Buddha-knowledge, forces, absence of hesitation, uncommon properties, and mighty by magical power, is the father of the world 2, who has reached the highest perfection in the knowledge of skilful means, who is most merciful, long-suffering, bene¬ volent, compassionate. He appears in this triple 1 Aldghamdna.
2 Here the Buddha is represented as a wise and benevolent father; he is the heavenly father, Brahma. As such he was repre¬ sented as sitting on a ‘ lotus seat.’ How common this representa¬ tion was in India, at least in the sixth century of our era, appears from Varaha-Mihira’s Brfhat-Sawhitd, chap. 58, 44, where the fol¬ lowing rule is laid down for the Buddha idols: ‘ Buddha shall be (represented) sitting on a lotus seat, like the father of the world.’
III.
A PARABLE.
77 world, which is like a house the roof 1 and shelter whereof are decayed, (a house) burning by a mass of misery, in order to deliver from affection, hatred, and delusion the beings subject to birth, old age, disease, death, grief, wailing, pain, melancholy, de¬ spondency, the dark enveloping mists of ignorance, in order to rouse them to supreme and perfect enlighten¬ ment. Once born, he sees how the creatures are burnt, tormented, vexed, distressed by birth, old age, disease, death, grief, wailing, pain, melancholy, despondency; how for the sake of enjoyments, and prompted by sensual desires, they severally suffer various pains. In consequence both of what in this world they are seeking and what they have acquired, they will in a future state suffer various pains, in hell, in the brute creation, in the realm of Yama; suffer such pains as poverty in the world of gods or men, union with hateful persons or th ing s, and separation from the beloved ones. And whilst in¬ cessantly whirling in that mass of evils they are sporting, playing, diverting themselves; they do not fear, nor dread, nor are they seized with terror; they do not know, nor mind; they are not startled, do not try to escape, but are enjoying themselves in that triple world which is like unto a burning house, and run hither and thither. Though overwhelmed by that mass of evil, they do not conceive the idea that they must beware of it.
Under such circumstances, Yariputra, the Tatha- gata reflects thus: Verily, I am the father of these beings; I must save them from this mass of evil, and bestow on them the immense, inconceivable bliss of 1 Or, coping.
III.
Buddha-knowledge, wherewith they shall sport, play, and divert themselves, wherein they shall find their rest.
Then, Aariputra, the Tathagata reflects thus: If, in the conviction of my possessing the power of knowledge and magical faculties, I manifest to these beings the knowledge, forces, and absence of hesita¬ tion of the Tath&gata, without availing myself of some device, these beings will not escape. For they are attached to the pleasures of the five senses, to worldly pleasures; they will not be freed from birth, old age, disease, deatK, grief, wailing, pain, melan¬ choly, despondency, by which they are burnt, tor¬ mented, vexed, distressed. Unless they are forced to leave the triple world which is like a house the shelter and roof whereof is in a blaze, how are they to get acquainted with 1 Buddha-knowledge?
Now,.Sciriputra, even as that man with powerful arms, without using the strength of his arms, attracts his children out of the burning house by an able device, and afterwards gives them magnificent, great carts, so,.Shriputra, the Tathagata, the Arhat, &c., possessed of knowledge and freedom from all hesita¬ tion, without using them, in order to attract the creatures out of the triple world which is like a burning house with decayed roof and shelter, shows, by his knowledge of able devices, three vehicles, viz. the vehicle of the disciples, the vehicle of the Pratyekabuddhas, and the vehicle of the Bodhisat- tvas. By means of these three vehicles he attracts the creatures and speaks to them thus: Do not 1 Paribhotsyante; Burnoufs rendering,‘pourront jouir,’points to a reading paribhokshyante.
III.
A PARABLE.
79 delight in this triple world, which is like a burning house, in these miserable forms, sounds, odours, fla¬ vours, and contacts \ For in delighting in this triple world ye are burnt, heated, inflamed with the thirst inseparable from the pleasures of the five senses. Fly from this triple world; betake yourselves to the three vehicles: the vehicle of the disciples, the vehicle of the Pratyekabuddhas, the vehicle of the Bodhisattvas. I give you my pledge for it, that I shall give you these three vehicles; make an effort to run out of this triple world. And to attract them I say: These vehicles are grand, praised by the Aryas, and provided with most pleasant things; with such you are to sport, play, and divert your¬ selves in a noble 1 2 manner. Ye will feel the great delight of the faculties 3, powers 4, constituents of Bodhi, meditations, the (eight) degrees of emancipa¬ tion, self-concentration, and the results of self-con¬ centration, and ye will become greatly happy and cheerful.
1 The same idea and the same moral form the warp and woof of the sermon on the hill of GaySfirsha, the Aditta-pariyaya, Maha- vagga I, 21. This sermon was the second in course of time, if we leave out of account the repetitions of the first, preached near Benares. The parable also is propounded at the time when the Master moves the wheel of the law for the second time; see above, st. 34. Hence we may conclude that the sermon and parable are variations of one and the same monkish moralization on the base of a more primitive cosmological legend.
2 Akrz'pazzam, properly, not miserably.
3 Indriya; here apparently the five moral faculties of faith, energy, recollection, contemplation, and wisdom or prescience; cf. Spence Hardy, Manual, p. 498; Lalita-vistara, p. 37.
* Bala, the same as the indriya, with this difference, it would seem, that the balas are the faculties in action or more developed; cf. Spence Hardy, 1. c., and Lalita-vistara, 1. c.
8o III.
Now,.Sariputra, the beings who have become wise have faith in the Tathagata, the father of the world, and consequently apply themselves to his command¬ ments. Amongst them there are some who, wishing to follow the dictate of an authoritative voice, apply themselves to the commandment of the Tathfigata to acquire the knowledge of the four great truths, for the sake of their own complete Nirvawa. These one may say to be those who, coveting the vehicle of the disciples, fly from the triple world, just as some of the boys will fly from that burning house, prompted by a desire of getting a cart yoked with deer. Other beings desirous of the science without a master, of self-restraint and tranquillity, apply themselves to the commandment of the Tathagata to learn to understand causes and effects, for the sake of their own complete N irva^a. These one may say to be those who, coveting the vehicle of the Pratyekabuddhas, fly from the triple world, just as some of the boys fly from the burning house, prompted by the desire of getting a cart yoked with goats. Others again desirous of the knowledge of the all-knowing, the knowledge of Buddha, the knowledge of the self-born one, the science without a master, apply themselves to the commandment of the Tatha¬ gata to learn to understand the knowledge, powers, and freedom from hesitation of the Tathigata, for the sake of the common weal and happiness, out of compassion to the world, for the benefit, weal, and happiness of the world at large, both gods and men, for the sake of the complete Nirvana of all beings. These one may say to be those who, coveting the great vehicle, fly from the triple world. Therefore they are called Bodhisattvas Mahasattvas. They III.
A PARABLE.
81 may be likened to those among the boys who have fled from the burning house prompted by the desire of getting a cart yoked with bullocks.
In the same manner,.Sariputra, as that man, on seeing his children escaped from the burning house and knowing them safely and happily rescued and out of danger, in the consciousness of his great wealth, gives the boys one single grand cart; so, too, 6ariputra, the Tathagata, the Arhat, &c., on seeing many koris of beings recovered 1 from the triple world, released from sorrow, fear, terror, and calamity, having escaped owing to the command of the Tathcigata, delivered from all fears, calamities, and difficulties, and having reached the bliss of Nirvfbza, so, too,.Sariputra, the Tathagata, the Arhat, &c., considering that he possesses great wealth of knowledge, power, and absence of hesitation, and that all beings are his children, leads them by no other vehicle but the Buddha-vehicle to full de¬ velopment 2. But he does not teach a particular Nirvi»a for each being; he causes all beings to reach complete Nirvana by means of the complete Nirv&Tza of the Tathigata. And those beings,.Slri- putra, who are delivered from the triple world, to them the Tathagata gives as toys to amuse themselves with the lofty pleasures of the Aryas, the pleasures 1 Paripfirwan; in one MS. there is a second-hand reading, parimuktan. I suppose that paripurwa is the original reading, but that we have to take it in the sense of ‘ recovered, healed.’
8 Time, 6iva orVishmi ekapad, the One-footed, who at the same time is tripad, three-footed, leads all living beings to final rest. The Buddha-vehicle is the ratha eka/fakra, the one-wheeled carriage, each wheel being trinabhi, three-naved, as in Rig-veda 82 III.
of meditation, emancipation, self-concentration, and its results; (toys) all of the same kind. Even as that man,.Sariputra, cannot be said to have told a falsehood for having held out to those boys the prospect of three vehicles and given to all of them but one great vehicle, a magnificent vehicle made of seven precious substances, decorated with all sorts of ornaments, a vehicle of one kind, the most egre¬ gious of all, so, too,.Sariputra, the Tathagata, the Arhat, &c., tells no falsehood when by an able device he first holds forth three vehicles and after¬ wards leads all to complete Nirvana by the one great vehicle. For the Tathagata,.S&riputra, who is rich in treasures and storehouses of abundant knowledge, powers, and absence of hesitation, is able to teach all beings the law which is connected with the knowledge of the all-knowing. In this way,.Sariputra, one has to understand how the Tathagata by an able device and direction shows but one vehicle, the great vehicle.
And on that occasion the Lord uttered the fol¬ lowing stanzas: 39. A man has 1 an old house, large, but very infirm; its terraces are decaying and the columns rotten at their bases.
40. The windows and balconies are partly ruined, the wall as well as its coverings and plaster decaying; the coping shows rents from age; the thatch is every¬ where pierced with holes.
41. It is inhabited by no less than five hundred beings; containing many cells and closets filled with excrements and disgusting.
1 The original has ‘ as if a man had,’ &c. I have changed the construction to render it less wearisome.
III.
A PARABLE.
83 42. Its roof-rafters are wholly ruined; the walls and partitions crumbling away; ko/is of vultures nestle in it, as well as doves, owls, and other birds.
43. There are in every corner dreadful snakes, most venomous and horrible; scorpions and mice of all sorts; it is the abode of very wicked creatures of every description.
44. Further, one may meet in it here and there beings not belonging to the human race. It is defiled with excrement and urine, and teeming with worms, insects, and fire-flies; it resounds from the howling of dogs and jackals.
45. In it are horrible hyenas that are wont to devour human carcasses; many dogs and jackals greedily seeking the matter of corpses.
46. Those animals weak from perpetual hunger go about in several places to feed upon their prey, and quarrelling fill the spot with their cries. Such is that most horrible house.
47. There are also very malign goblins, who violate human corpses; in several spots there are centipedes, huge snakes, and vipers.
48. Those animals creep into all corners, where they make nests to deposit their brood, which is often devoured by the goblins.
49. And when those cruel-minded goblins are satiated with feeding upon the flesh of other crea¬ tures, so that their bodies are big, then they com¬ mence sharply fighting on the spot.
50. In the wasted retreats are dreadful, malign urchins, some of them measuring one span, others one cubit or two cubits, all nimble in their move¬ ments.
51. They are in the habit of seizing dogs by the III.
feet, throwing them upside down upon the floor, pinching their necks and using them ill.
52. There also live yelling ghosts naked, black, wan, tall, and high, who, hungry and in quest of food, are here and there emitting cries of distress.
53. Some have a mouth like a needle, others have a face like a cow’s; they are of the size of men or dogs, go with entangled hair, and utter plaintive cries from want of food.
54. Those goblins, ghosts, imps, like vultures, are always looking out through the windows and loop¬ holes, in all directions in search of food.
55. Such is that dreadful house, spacious and high, but very infirm, full of holes, frail and dreary. (Let us suppose that) it is the property of a certain man, 56. And that while he is out of doors the house is reached by a conflagration, so that on a sudden it is wrapt in a blazing mass of fire on every side.
57. The beams and rafters consumed by the fire, the columns and partitions in flame are crackling most dreadfully, whilst goblins and ghosts are yelling.
58. Vultures are driven out by hundreds; urchins withdraw with parched faces; hundreds of mis¬ chievous beasts of prey 1 run, scorched, on every side, crying and shouting 2.
59. Many poor devils move about, burnt by the fire; while burning they tear one another with the teeth, and bespatter each other with their blood.
1 Vyi^a.
2 Krosanti, var. lect. kroshanti. Burnoufs version, ‘sont en fureur,’ points to a reading roshanti, which, however, is not appro¬ priate, for the would-be conflagration is a description of the time of twilight.
III.
A PARABLE.
85 60. Hyenas also perish there, in the act of eating one another. The excrements burn, and a loath¬ some stench spreads in all directions.
61. The centipedes, trying to fly, are devoured by the urchins. The ghosts, with burning hair, hover about, equally vexed with hunger and heat.