Human Saceifige: among Eomans, Greeks, Gauls, Gei-mans, Britons, 340; annual sacrifice of boys and old men in early Eoman times, 341; human saerifices made by the Eomans after the battle of Cannae, 342; others made as late as 45 b.o., ibid.; sacrifice of boys in connec- tion with the rites of magic in the time of Horace, ibid.; sacrifice of men by Sextus Pompey and Oota- vius, ibid.; high representative value of this practice as Indicating the mental status of the masses of the Eoman people, 340; human sacrifices made by Aristomenes, 340, 341; by the Grecks^before the battle of Salamis, 341; girls beaten to death on the altai- of the Aroadi- .in Bacchus, ibid.; human sacri- fice assumes its most revolting form among the Carthaginians and Phos- nioians, 103-105.
HmiK: his idea that the worst mod- em state of Europe is more favor- able to human liberty in genejCl than were the best ancient ones.
205; his idea that all governments are founded on opinion, 464, 465; this idea considered and qualified, 465, 466. HuNs: their Asiatic seat and manner of life, 363, and 365, note 27; their movement into Europe and its im- mediate effects, 364, 365; their character, 396, 397; their custom of life, 395; their race affinity with the Parthians, 415; they become auxiliaries Of the Eomans, 415, 416; question of their race identity with the Turks, 480, and note 19.
I Ibeeians: their excellent character as mercenaries, 101.
Iconoclasts: their war upon the worship of images, 450, 453; dura- tion and result of the conflict, 453, note 20; monks, clergy, patiiarohs, and popes oppose the abolition of this worship, 463, 464; movement of the iconoclasts a precursor of Eeformation of 16th century, 450, 464; it is crushed by Byzantine monks, 464.
Image Worship, among the Greeks of the Eastern empire, and the quari'el respecting it, 449, 450; cause of the violence of this quar- rel, 451; it terminates in the tri- umph of the image worshipers, 452, 453, and note 20.
Indians, Amebican: analogy of the Eoman policy respecting the bar- barians to that of the United States in relation to the Indian tribes, 367, 401, and note 27.
Indo-European or Aryan Stock: its Asiatic source, and the sphere of its diSusion, 40; Eomans and Greeks ofishoots of, in prehistoric times, ibid.; great influence of this ANALYTICAL INDEX.
507 stock on the world's oivfliaation, 150, 151.
Intahtioide, custom of, in ancient times, 313, 315.
luTEROOMMmnoATioN, limited extent of, between nations at the time of , the second Punic war, 109, and notes 2 and (a) • at the time of Herodotus and Thucydides, Hid.; idea of the progressive develop- ment of, in antiquity, 2T3; Egyp- tians, Phosnioians, Babylonians, Assyrians, Greeks, Eomans, in re- lation to, Hid.; intercommunica- tion of Eoman empire the most perfect in ancient times, ibid., and 308, 309; comparison of the physi- cal and mental interoommmiication of the Eoman world with the like in modern times, 278-277.
Iphigesia, story of, in haimony with the probabilities of early Greek life, 340.
Ibon, idea of the progressive diffu- ^ sion of the use of, in ancient times, from the Mediterranean to the northern limits of Europe, 34i- 84S; limited use of, among the early Greeks and Eomans, 344; dififusion of, in the north, gradu- ally increased the force of the bar- barous nations, 346.
IiAiT, AifoiEHT, prehistoric stone period of, 44-47; numerous muni- cipal states of, 124, 125; difference in the military character of its peo- ples, 28; idea of treaties among the early republics of, 21; idea of their method of warfare, 26, 27.
iTAiT, MoDEBN, Unity of, referred to, 486.
Jews: duration of their nation and several forms of government ac- cording to Quetelet, referred to, 409; persecution of, by Justinian, 424.
Jones, Sib Williaji: his knowledge of languages as compared with that of Mithridates, 156, note 2.
JoENAifDES: his account ot the differ- ent arms and styles of fighting among the barbarous nations, 416, and note 7; fabulous account given by, of the origia of the Huns, 480, note 17.
JosEPHos: his notice of the Eoman soldiers, 48, note 2; and of the silence of Herodotus and Thucydi- des respecting the Eomans, 109, notes 2 and (o).
JoTiEiirAi.s, Political, a feature of modem civilisation, 441; they ren- der secret state enterprises more difficult, ihid.
JuauRTHA, bad faith of the Eomans in dealing with, 138, 139.
JuuAS: his accomplished character, 862; the republican 'simplicity of his life, 357, 358.
JupiTEK, temple of, under the kings, 36; fable in relation to, and other gods, at the founding of the Capitol, 306, 307.
Jus PAPiKiANtnu:; the most ancient written collection of Eoman law for which there is any claim, 429 j its alleged date and doubtful authen- ticity, 430.
Justinian: his rcconquest of Africa and Italy referred to, 414r-418; his bad administration, and the futility of his military successes, 419; his marriage with Theodora, ibid. • his relation to the factions of the circus, 420, 421; his tyranny and his perse- cutions, 422-424; the great number of fortifications which he built, 425, 426; his service in embodying and perpetuating the Eoman law, 427.
Juvenal, reference to, 143, note 30.
508 ANALYTICAL INDEX.
K Kings (Eomait), ability of, 21; com- parative greatness of the works eonstruoted under, 20, 35-37; oom- parative extent of walla of city under, 35; magnitude of their mon- archy, 35, 36; their expulsion nec- essary to the greatness of the state, 22, and note 1.
Labob: Bomans regarded commerce and the arts as servile occupations, 200; low estimation in which the industries were held in ancient times, 201; reason of this, ibid.; slavery the basis of the industrial system of the Eomans and of the ancient nations generally, 201, 202; progressive emancipation of the in- dustrial classes, 205, 207; rationale of the present spirit of imreat among these classes, 206, 207.
Laced^moihab's: their motive for observing the law sprang from pas- sion and not from reason or fear, 80; lost their power and resumed it, how, 64; their condition at the time Greece was attacked by the Eomans, 111.
La Haepe: hia idea of the Grand- eur and Decadence of the Bomans^ 15-17.
Lake ViirAQEs of ancient Switzer- land, referred to, 125.
Lamaetote: his remark on Charlotte Corday, referred to, 242.
Lands: portion of lands of conquered peoples distributed to Eoman citi- zens, 25; when this ceased to be done, 29; the original division of lands in the ancient republics gen- erally, 62, 71; the advantages thenoe resulting, 62; subsequent massing of the lands in few hands, and the evils thenoe resulting, ibid.; attempt of Agis and Cleo- menes to restore the ancient system to Lacedsemon, 64; it was the equal ' division of lands that gave force to the early Eoman state, 64, 65.
Laees, sacrifices to, a species of an- cestral worship among the Eomans, 248, and note 4.
Latins: their warlike character, 28; their common origin with the Eo- mans, ibid.; the municipal compo- sition of their confederacy, 125; they were probably included with- in the monarchy of the Eoman kings, 36; and were subsequently beaten and reduced to an alliance with republican Eome, 28.
Law: the genius of the Eomans in tlie sphere of law superior to that of any other ancient nation, why? 428; great influence which their jural system has thence exerted upon modem societies, 428, 429; idea of the Eoman law during the fowe periods of its growth and de- cline, 429-431; its two fundamental characters, 432; its low elements connect it with the barbarism in which it took its origin, 432; its high theoretical relation to Natural Law and to Liberty, 432, 433; its place in the world's jural history, 432, 434.
Legioit, the Eoman, 48, 49; Polybi- us's comparison of the legion and the phalanx, 114; the same by Bossuet, ibid., note 10; legions of Europe superior to those of Asia, 820, and note 6; the reverse true as to cavalry, 446, 447.
Leo, suooessoe or Basil: how he employed his fleet — in illustration of the superstitious spirit of the declining empire of the East, 454.
ANALYTICAL INDEX 509 Lepidcs seizes the forum with ai'ined men the day after Csesar's assassi- nation, 245; becomes one of the triumvirs, 251; is despoiled of his power hy Octavius, 258; is the most wicked citizen of the republic, 259; but is pronounced an honest man by Anthony, ittid.
Lepsius, referred to, 409.
LmEKTY, Persona!,, relation of Eo- man polity to, 202-205; same as to ancient states generally, 202, 203; great superiority of modem socie- ties in this respect, 205; theoret- ical relation of Boman law to, 432, 433.
liEEETY, PoLiTicAi, relation of Eo- mau polity to, 174r-179; same as to the anoi ent republics generally, 177; how these republics compare with the United States in this respect, 178, 179; Uberty everywhere condi- tioned upon sharp self-assertion on the part of the people, 163, note 1; progressive growth of, in the course of the world's histoiy, 205-207.
LicTOEs, EoMAir, derived from the Etrurians, 41.
LmooLif: his assassination alluded to, 243; comparative effect of this act upon popular feeling, 286, 288- 292.
LioTPBAifD, illustration from, of the contempt into which the Eoman name sunk in the estimation of the barbaric nations, 484, 485.
livr, M.: his capricious action as Censor, in illustration of the arbi- trary powers of the censorate, 170.
LivT, T.: place of hia birth referred to, 143, note 30; his just view in regard to the defects of the consu- lar system, 39; and in regard to early Eoman history, 42; his de- scription of the Gallic and Spanish swords, 55, note 22; his idea of the Gallic character, 92; his ac- count of the battle of Trasymcnus, 95; his description of the field of Canna3 on the morning succeeding the battle, 98.
Louis XIV: his sudden building of a great navy referred to as an ex- ceptional feat, 87; some semi-he- roic incidents in the life of, which are referred to by Montesquieu as completely heroic, 120, and note 16; idea that he erred in not imi- tating the Eoman policy in his manner of succoring James II, 136, 137, and note 15.
Louis XV, emotional extravagance of the French people on occasion of the illness of, compared with that of the Eomans on the occasion of the death of Germanicus, 285, 286, 288-292.
LuojlS, referred to, 143, note 30.
LuoKETiA, rape of, 21; why such offences beget a revolutionary spirit, 22, and note 6.
LroEETiHS, alluded to, 143, note 30.
M Maoedon, relation of, to the Greek republics. 111, 112; character of its people, ancient and modem, sup- posed to result from its climate, " 112; idea of the policy of its kings, 112, 113; conduct of Philip V, king of, 113; he is defeated and humbled by the Eomans, 114; great importance of this achieve- ment to the latter, 115, 116, and note 11; Macedon becomes a Eo- man province, 130, note 1; iniiu- ence of the spoils of, on the Eoman revenue, 388.
Machiavelli: his idea of the pas- sage of civilization from country to country, and its stationariness for 510 ANALYTICAL INDEX.
the world entire, 12; hia idea of the cause of the expulsion of the kings, 22, note 6; and of the ne- cessity of that event, 22, note 1; and of the consular system, 39; and of the character of the Gauls and the French, 91, 92; his idea that Koman liberty sprang from the struggle of the two parties that divided the state, 163, note 1; his "two diverse humors," ibid.; his idea of the succession of Eoman wars, and their relation to fortune and to policy, 404, 406.
Macintosh: his idea of the cause of the prostration of the Koman pa- triciate at the close of the republic, 235, 236; this idea drawn in ques- tion, 236, 237; his just estimate of the stoical philosophy, 334, 335.
M.s:oEB"AS: his patronage of poets and literary men referred to, 276.
Maine, Mr.: his idea that the Eo- man proscription arose from the want of power in the criminal tri- bunals to inflict the penalty of death, 227; this conception drawn in question, 227, 228.
Malte-Beun: his analysis of mod- em France into its principal race elements, 93; his idea of the promi- nent influence of race upon na- tional character, ifid.; his descrip- tion of the deserts which separated the Parthians from the Eomans, 304, note 21.
Manlius: his execution of his son referred to, 52.
Mahoeli.inus, AMMiAirns: hia state- ment of the social condition of the Huns in their original seats, 865, note 27.
Makiette, reference to, 409.
Makihs: his conduct in the war against the Cimbrians and the Teu- tons referred to, 52; he is leader of the democratic, Sylla of the aris- tocratic faction, 226, 227; is less extreme than his rival, ibid.; he is the party prototype of Cffisar, Sylla of Pompey, 228, 229; he is more excelled by Cffisar than Sylla by Pompey, 239; rationale of his wars with Sylla, 191-193, 237, 238.
Maks: superetitious opinion in rela- tion to his patronage of Some, 306, 307; field of, 174; human victims sacrificed by the priests of, 342.
Maetiax, referred to, 143, note 30.
Mabtina, widow of Eeraolius, pun- ishment inflicted on, in illustration of the Byzantine method, 439, note 10.
Maxims: societies first molded by in- dividuals— afterwards the reverse, 21; a people can endure oppression more readily than iosult, 22; the occasions of great social changes vary, the causes are constant, 23; the reputations of men are blasted when the prejudice or superstition which they attack survives them, 24; it is generally the imaginary, not the actual loss, that makes de- cisive battles, 89; there are things which everybody says for the rea- , sou that they have once been said, ibid.; few are equally capable of availing themselves of fortune and of waiting for it, 1 21; there are bad examples which are worse than crimes, 169; more states have per- ished by reason of departure from wholesome manners than from vio- lation of the laws, ibid.; religion is the best guarantee we can have of the morals of mankind, 198; men are the more greedy for the acquisi- tion of power in proportion as the amount which they already pos- sess is great — they desire all for the reason that they have much, 219, ANALYTICAL INDEX.
511 220; most affairs are marred by seeking to add to the principle ob- ject certain small advantages whicb ■will flatter the self-love of those ■who manage them, 249; cover a man ■with benefits, and you at once inspire him with the idea of look- ing about for the means of preserv- ing them — they are ne^w interests ■which you have given him to de- fend, 260; there is no tyranny more cruel than that "which is perpe- trated under color of the la^ws and in the name of justice, 279; the en- tire body of the people never in- dulge in affectation, flattery, or dis- simulation, 286; no class of people have so great a dread of misfor- tunes as those ■who should be reas- sured by the ■wretchedness of their condition, 286. Messaitce, M. de: his determina- tions for the city of Paris used by Gibbon in approximating the popu- lation of ancient Rome, 371, 372; Gibbon's result questioned, 371- 373. Mezzofakti: his prodigious kno^wl- edge of languages referred to, 156, note 2. MiDDLETON, Dr.: his idea of the influences ■which precipitated the ruin of Pompey, 231, 232. Mill: his inadequate idea of the in- fluence of race on the phenomena of history, 92, 93. Mikes; reference to the mines of an- cient Europe, 360, 361, and notes. MiTHEiDATEs: his heroic character and resistance of the Eomans, 155- 158; his great linguistic accom- plishments, 156, note 2; he is joined by many Eomans who fly from the proscription, 155; he is defeated by Pompey, 158; he con- ceives the same movement against Italy which was afterwards exe- cuted by the barbarians of the North, 158; further notice of, 160- 162.
Mohammed II, theological rancor among the Greeks not arrested dur- ing siege of Constantinople by, 457; his capture of this city, 488.
MoLOOH, or Baal, worship of, by the Phoenicians and Carthaginians, 103-105; description of the Phoe- nician Moloch and his worship, 104; description of the Carthaginian Mo- loch by Diodorus Siculus, 105; Dr. Da^vis's excavation on the site of the temple of the Carthaginian Baal Hammon, ibid.; this ■worship the most revolting of ancient times, 103; it was an outbirth of the Se- mitic genius, 104; and followed the expansion of the Semitic race westward, ibid.
MoMMSEN: his eri'or in respect to the prehistoric stone epoch of Italy, 45, 46.
MoKET, variation in the purchasing power of, at Eome, 199, note 5, 360, and note 8; alternate abundance and scarcity of, in Eoman Europe, 260, 261.
Monks, Gbeek: they espouse the cause of the images, 449-451; they are required by Valens to serve in war under penalty of death, 451, note 16; they plunge the laity in profound ignorance, 452; illustra- tion of the foUy of their discussions, ibid.; their professed withdrawal from, and incessant meddling in, the affairs of the world, 4S^-iSii; evils which resulted from their as- cendency, 455; their disputes char- acterized, 457-460.
"MoNEOE DocTErsE," curious an- ticipation of the, by the Eomans, 135, and note 9.
512 ANALYTICAL INDEX.
Moifs Saoee; withdrawal of the Plebs to, 165, and note 4.
MoFTESQUEETj: his position as a thinker, 10-12; his limitation, 10, 11; La Harpe's idea of his Grande eur aThd Decadence of the Somans^ 15-17; his genius iniluenoed by the spirit of antiquity — instance of, 186, note 9; further instance of, 240, 241; still fui-ther instance of, 254; the same again, 330, and note 29; instance of questionable sentiment by, in reference to great men, 283, and note 5; like in- stance in reference to classes of men, 326, and note 21.
MooBs: idea that their expansion into southern Europe is similar to that of the Turks into the eastern part of the same continent, 486.
Muoius, QniMTOs: his place as a Ro- man lawyer, 431.
MuNiciPAi. States: municipal char- acter of the states of ancient Eu- rope, 124^126; those of Italy, 125; of Gaul, 125; of Spain, 126; of Greece, 125; this was the necessary type of all early societies, why, 126; service of the Eomans in bringing these detached societies together, 127, 128; they were thus rendered less military and more industrial, 128; and their aggre- gation served as a timely bulwark against the barbarism of the North, 128; see also 151, 154.
N N.EVins, the poet, referred to, 143, note 30.
Naples, the lazzaroni of — their wretched condition and absm-d fear of misfortunes, 286, 287.
Nations, nature prescribes territo- rial limits to, 117, 118; their main functions to be studied in order to comprehend history rationally, 149, 150; their influence upon the world's civilization the true crite- rion of their value, 150; eminent distinction of the Aryan, and the Judaic section of the Semitic, na- tions in this respect, 150, 339, 340, 482, 488; the duration of nations, 408-412; the modern promise to be longer lived than the ancient, 410, 411; the two principal causes of this difference, 411; nations more durable than governments, 409; illustrations of this from the Greeks, Eomans, Jews, and other peoples, 409, Navies: how ancient navies were composed and operated, 84, 85; inverse relation of ancient and modem times in respect to the composition of navies and the fa- cility of their construction, 86.
Natioation and Naval Battles: general limitation of navigation in ancient times, 84, 85; effect of the discovery of the mariner's compass on, 85, 86; great difference be- tween ancient and modem navi- gation, 85, 86; how the naval bat- tles of the ancients were fought, 80; naval battles between the Eomans and Carthaginians, 86; the battle of Actium, 85; inverse relation of ancients and moderns in respect to art in handling armed navies, 86; idea of Eoman navigation, 268, 269; limited extent of, when com- pared with that of modem nations, 273, 274; disadvantages attending great fleets, 417.
Nebo, the family of Ctesar runs out in the person of, after having ex- terminated the other gi'eat families of Eome, 300.
NiooLLDOoi: bearing of his archseo- ANALYTICAL INDEX.
513 logical collection on the preMstorio epocli of Italy, 45-47.
NiEBDHR: Ms distinguished connec- tion with the modem reform of early Eoman history, 43; his cor- rection of the erroneous opinion respecting the Agrarian Laws, 72, 73.
NoRMAirs: similarity of their estab- lishment in France to that of the Barbarians in the Eoman empire, 398.
NcMAHTiAifs, bad faith of the Eo- mans in dealing with, 139, and note 22.
NmimiA, superiority of cavalry of, 84; high character of Numidian mercenaries, 101.
Oath, difference between Eomans and Greeks in observance of, 197, and note 2.
Odoaoee: his army appropriates one third of the lands of Italy, 401, 402; other references to, 347, 370, 397, note 18.
Ososnis: object of his book in reply to Symmachus, 394.
Ovid, reference to, 143, note 30.
Paganism: its want of the virtue of humanity, 339, 340; controversy between Pagans and Christians re- specting the decay of the empire, 892-394; as Christianity advanced the country districts remained the strongholds of Paganism, 424; mix- ture of, with Christianity, 463, 464.
Pal^ologus, AiriiBONioTrs, abandons his navy and relies on the protec- tion of God, 454.
Pai^ologus, Michael, condition of the Eastern empire during the reign of, 455.
Pahio, similarity of, among ancient and modem soldiers, 96.
Paktheon, of Agrippa, reference to, 37.
Papiniait: his place as a Eoman ju- rist, 431.
Paethiajns: physical situation of their dominions in reference to tho Eoman empire, 303, 304, and note 21; their method of fighting as compared with that of the Eomans, 305; why they were not subdued by the latter, 806.
Parties: factious character of those that divided Carthage, 78, 79; dif- ferent character of the early Eoman parties in this respect, 79, and note 7; idea of the two political parties that existed in Eome, 163- 168; Machiavelli's idea of the same, 163, note 1; the aristocratic party in complete ascendency at the be- ginning of the republic, 164; thenceforward the popular party becomes stronger until the republic is overthrown, 164r-168, 178; seces- sion of the people to Mens Saeer, 165, and note 4; origin of the Tri- bunate— it is a measure of the popu- lar party, 165, 166, and note 7; origin of the Dictatorship — it is a measure of the aristocratic party, 167, and note 10; means of influ- ence resorted to by the two parties, 166-168; steadiness of the one, fit- ful character of the other, 181; self-restraint of the two parties for more than four centuries, 192; they then become factions^ inconsistent with the continuance of the repub- lic, 192, 193; the two great causes of this fatal change, 194; Marius and Caesar leaders of the popular faction, Sylla and Pompey of the 514 ANALYTICAL INDEX.
aristocratic, 226, 227; in the first great armed struggle the popular faction badly worsted, 238; in the next it triumphed, 239; the empire to be regarded as the continuation of this triumph, 297, and note 7; parties necessary in a republic, 184, 421.
Pascal, referred to, 446, and note 1.
Patbiakohs, of Constantinople: their great powers, 456; their extrava- gant pretensions, 456, 457; their policy as compared with that of the popes, 453, 463, 464.
Patkiaeoht, the primitive fonn of civil government — why, 126.
Pateonage, of Eoman patricians ex- tended not only to individuals but to cities and countries, 281, and note 3; imperfect state of society and government indicated by, ibid.
Paulus: his place as a jurist indi- cated, 430, 431.
Peace: the Eomans only made peace as conquerors, 26; their uuiform want of good faith iu making, 131.
Perizokitjs: his relation to the re- form of early Eoman history, 43.
Peeseus, King of Macedon: his over- throw by the Eomans, 130, and note 1.
Peesia: depressing effect of the Per- sian rule upon Egypt, 83; destruc- tive character of the wars between the Persians and the Eomans, 419, and note 12; natural defense of Persia against the barbarous' na- tions of the North, 435; the Per- sians superior to the later Eomans in the military art, 436, and note 6; they impose tribute upon the latter, 436; Persia conquered by the Arabs, 470; and by the Turks, 474, 475.
Peesids, the poet, reference to, 143, note 30.
Petee the Gebat, reference to, 449.
Phalanx, Greek, comparison of, with the Eoman legion, 114, and note 10.
Phaesalia, battle of, action of Pom- pey in relation to, 217, 218, 229-234.
Philip V, King of Macedon: his pol- icy, 113, 114; he is defeated by the Eomans, 114; and aids them in their further conquests, 119.
Philippi, battle of, referred to, 251, and note 11.
Philippious, general ol the Em- peror Maurice, incident in connec- tion with, illustrative of the spirit of the Greeks of the Eastern empire, 448.
Philippious, an emperor of the East- em empire: his treatment as an illustration of the degenerate Greek method, 439, and note 10.
Philosophy: the Cliristian doctrine of charity more nearly anticipated by the Greek pliilosophy than by the religion of polytheism, 340; bad influence of the school of Epi- curus upon the Eomans, 197; good influence of the stoical school, 317; idea of the fundamental principle of the stoical system of phHosophy, 384-337.
PHfEN loiANS: letters of European na- tions derived from, 102; their wor- ship of Moloch, 103; the Cartha- ginians an offshoot of, 102.
PicTOE, Eabius, the first Eoman his- torian, 43.
Plato: hLs idea of human liberty as compared with the theoretical con- ception of the Eoman lawyers on same subject, 433.
Plautps, allusion to, 143, note 30.
Plujt the Eldee, reference to, 143, note 30; his description of the sew- ers of Eomo, 36.
Pliny the Youngee, referred to.
ANALYTICAL INDEX.
515 lis, note 30; his observation upon the crime of treason under the em perors, 284, and note 6. Policy, Eoman: Eoman policy of conquest analyzed and particularly stated, 129-145; this policy "best adapted to empire in the circum- stances of ancient times, 146; it was a principle of Eoman policy to renounce their own methods when- ever they found better among for- eigners, 20; to provide for aU dan- gers and to remedy all disasters by strengthening their military dis- cipline, 62; to attack with smaller forces and defend with larger, 81; to treat with no enemy who occu- pied Eoman territory, 87; to re- strain kings from levying troops among the allies of Eome, 123; to dissemble all injuries when hard pressed, and to exact a severe reck- oning afterwards, 130; to allow no Asiatic king to extend hjs conquests into Europe, 135, and note 9; to lay by till a conquest was effected, and then pluck it from the ex- hausted conqueror, 134, 135; to deny the war-making power to their own allies, and to reserve it wholly to themselves, 134; to first destroy the armies of princes and then ruin them in the estimation of their subjects by the imposition of onerous tributes upon their states, 131, 132; to immediately extend the title and protection of Eoman allies to such states and princes as withdrew their allegi- ance from their own sovereigns, 132; to interfere on the weaker side in foreign wars, 135; to work divisions in foreign states, 136; to create two parties in cities which they affected to leave free — ^the stronger under their own control,