and receivers and thieves, ii. 162 the first race of kings, ii. 93 the second race, ii. 241 the mayor of the palace, ii. 218 MONTESQUIEU France, the crown transferred to the Capets, ii. 261 Franks, the change in their customs in favor of daughters, i. 282 regal ornaments among the, i. 286 marriages of the kings, i. 286 when they became of age, i. 287 their sanguinary temper, i. 290 national assemblies, 1. 290 their treatment of the subject Ro- mans, ii. 96 the feudal laws, ii. 171 conquests of the, ii. 174 taxes paid by the Romans and an ancient usage, ii. 196 Fredegonda, regency of, ii. 221 Fredum defined, ii. 199 in favor of the judge, ii. 201 a price for his protection, ii. 201 not levied everywhere, ii. 206 Freemen, military, service of, ii. 191 rendered capable of holding fiefs, ii.
Free nations, their characteristics, i. 315 Free ports, where to be established, i.
Freedmen and eunuchs, i. 249 French, the, why often driven out of origin and revolutions of the civil laws among them, ii. 92 Frisians, a law of the, li. 196 Frugality sometimes mistaken for ava- rice, i. 21 Funerals, expensive, to be discouraged, Gabinian law, the, _ i. 400 its provisions, i. 401 Gage, Thomas, on the Spaniards in the West Indies, ii. 5 Gallantry, spirit of, little known to the ancients, ii. 120 Ganges, sanctifying __the virtue of the waters of the, ii. 36 Gaul invaded by German nations, ii. 174 the Romans there not reduced to slavery, ii. 178 Gaul, South, independent of the Visi- goths, ii. 100 and note Gaurs, laws of the, ii. 43 Gelon, King of Syracuse, his treaty with the Carthaginians, i. 137 Geneva, admirable law of, i. 325 Genoa, Bank of St. George at, i. 13 act of indemnity, i. 139 Germans, the different character of their laws, ii. 92 single combat among them, ii. 109 Caesar's account of them, ii. 172 account of Tacitus, i. 161, 163, 281, Globe, depopulation of the, ii. 11 means to remedy the, ii. 24 Gold Coast, not visited by the Cartha- ginians, i. 351 Gold and silver, quantity of, i. 377 relative to scarcity, 1. 380 Good subjects not necessarily good men, Gothic government the best species of constitution, i. 163 Goths in Spain, their laws regarding slaves, i. 243 See also Visigoths Government, the kind of, most con- formable to nature, i. 6 difference between the nature and principle of, i. 19 domestic, i. 300 Governments, three species of, i. 8 See Despotic Government, Monar- chical Government, Republican Government Gracchi, the, change the Roman consti- tution, i. 172 Grand Seignior, why held by the cadis not obliged to keep his word, i. 26 Grecian kings, commerce of the, i. 344 Greece, and the number of its inhabi- tants, ii. 10 kings of the heroic times of, i. 164 Greek colonies not molested by Alex- ander, i. 356 magistrates, embarrassment of the, Greeks, reflections on some institutions in what cases of service, i. 37 commerce of the, i. 339 contrast of the ancient and the mod- Gregory III, his embassy to Charles Martel, ii. 235 Guardianship, right of, i. 305 Gundebald, King, of Burgundy, unwise law of, ii. 60 other laws of, ii. 99, no Gymnic art, its relation to military af- fairs, i. 117 and note its effect on the manners, i. 39, 117 Hannibal, complaints of the Cartha- ginians against, i. 22 his opponents, i. 138 Hanno, the opponent of Hannibal, i.
Harrington, his defective idea of lib- Habo, a slave, made Archbishop of Rheims, ii. 215 Helotes, wretched condition of the, i.
Henry II, of France, unreasonable law Henry VIII, his physicians in danger from his law of high treason, i. 192 peers, how condemned by, i. 202 hospitals destroyed, ii. 25 laws of his contrary to the laws of nature, ii. 59 Hereditary aristocracy leads to oli- garchy, i. 112 High treason, trivial acts treated as, in China, i. 190 and under the Roman emperors, i. Himilco sent to make a settlement in the Cassiterides,_ i. 354 Hobbes not correct in his idea of the natural state of mankind, i. 4 Holland, the republic of, i. 127 its commerce, i. 320 course of exchange, i. 381, note Homage of vassals, ii. 265, 266 Honest men not favored by Cardinal Richelieu, i. 24 Honorary rights of churches, ii. 241 Honor the spring of monarchical gov- ernment, i. 24 INDEX Honor, not the principle of a despotic its supreme law, i. 32 point of, ii. 117 among the Germans, ii. 118 Hospitality among the Germans, i. 317 law of the Burgundians, i. 317 Hospitals, ii. 25 Hundreds, establishment of, ii. 191 Hungarian nobility, conduct of the, to the House of Austria, i. 115 Ichthyophagi, the, i. 343 Immortality of the soul, the doctrine of Immunities, ii. 207 Incest, ii. 70 Indians, confidence in the people shown in the laws of the, i. 234 ignorance of the women, i. 296 their abstinence from flesh not un- reasonable, ii. 42 Indies, commerce of the, i. 331 navigation of the, i. 347 Roman trade with, i. 359 Egyptian trade, i. 361 Individual, property of the, not to suf- fer for the public good, ii. 73 Industry, encouragement of, i. 227, 274 Informers, honors paid to, under Ti- berius, their ill effect, i. 114 and note Inhabitants, laws in relation to the num- .Inheritance, custom of despotic govern- ments, i. 59 French law of, ii. 267 Inquisition, the, insupportable under all governments, li. 67 had Its origin in the laws of the Visigoths, ii. 93 Inquisitors, a Jew's remonstrance with Interest and usury confounded, i. 364 interest, how lowered, i. 378 lending on, i. 396 various rates of, among the Ro- Irish linen manufacture, the, i. 227 Iroquois, law of nations among the, i. 5 Isaac Angelus, his clemency a mistake, Islanders, fondness of, for liberty, i. 273 Italian republics, no real liberty in, i.
Italy, bad laws in some parts of, i. 393 James I, of Aragon, sumptuary laws of, Japan, insufficiency of the laws of the, their crueltjr, i. 86 their execution hindered thereby, i.
87 indecency of their punishments, i. 195 the laws repose no confidence in the people, i. 233 tlie Christian religion, why so odious Jaxartes, course of the, changed, i. 335 Jealousy, two kinds of, i. 239 Jenghiz Khan^ his contempt for mosques, li. <j6 Jesuits, their rule in Paraguay, i. 35 Jew, a, his remonstrance with the in- quisitors, ii. 54 Jews, the, under Ahasuerus, i. 28 superstition of the, ii. 64 persecution of the, i. 364, 365 and note invent letters of exchange, i. 365 banished from Russia, i. 392 John, King, his tyranny to the Jews, i.
Judge, the prince may be a, in despotic countries, but not in monarchies, Judges, when they ought to determine according to the express letter of the law, i. 75 how chosen at Rome, i. 117 Judgment, different modes of passing, Judicial combats, how the custom gained ground, ii. in Judiciary powers, by whom to be ex- ercised, i. 152 Julian, ill-judged edict of, i. 379 commendation of, ii. 33 law, the, its purpose, i. 104, 105, 106 other laws of the same name, ii. 13 Jurisdiction, how exercised by the feu- dal chiefs, ii. 195, 199 the fredum, ii. 201 patrimonial, in France, its origin, of the churches, ii. 203 Jurisdictions, the various, when estab- lished, ii. 205 Justice, antecedent to positive law, i. 2 ustinian abrogates the marriage law of Constantine, ii. 18, 20 his law of divorce, ii. 66 establishes a new right of succes- sion, ii. 91 discovery of his Digest, ii. 149 King's court in France, why no appeal from, ii. 129 vassals, privileges of the, ii. 231 Kings of the heroic times of Greece, i. of Rome, their government, i. 166 their laws cruel, i. 87 Knights, the Roman, a middle order uniting the people to the senate, i.
Lacedaemonians, their public assemblies, their laws, i. 34 obliged to submit to the Macedo- nians, i. 35. See Sparta Land, different ways of dividing the, application of the Visigoth laws, Law in general definsd, i. 6 Law, civil, defined, i. 6 among the Tartars and German nation, i. 281 Law, politic, defined, i. 6 this not applicable to the civil law, may become destructive to a state, Law, proceedings at, how they became secret, ii. 138 Law, Mr., a promoter of arbitrary power, i. 17 Laws, definition of, i. i MONTESQUIEU Laws, their relation to different beings, i. I positive, i. 5 of nations, i. 5 criminal, i. 73 in relation to manners and customs, their effect on national character, i.
should be concise, ii. i6§ ought not to be subtle, ii. 166 should not be needlessly altered, ii.
useless laws, ii. 168 bad method of giving, ii. 169 idea of uniformity, ii. 169 apparently contradictory, ii. 75 divine and human, ii. 58 fall into disuse for want of writing, customs take their place, ii. 104 of nomadic nations, i. 276 their political state, i. 277 the sacred, at Rome, i. 169 Legal, duels, reasons for, ii. no used in case of debt, ii. 116 code of laws, ii. 120 established rules, ii. 121 bounds prescribed to the custom, combat of one of the parties of a witness, ii. 124 combat of one of the parties and one of the lords peers, li. 125 Legislative body should assemble fre- quently, i. 156 its powers, i. 157 power at Rome, i. 1^2 Legislator, spirit of a, ii. 156 laws apparently contrary to his views, li. 157 laws really so, ii. 157 fancies of imaginary legislators, ii. Lending by contract, i. 397 Leprosy, laws in relation to, i. 229 Leudes, or vassals, ii. 190 Levita, Benedicta, censured, ii. loi Libanius on a law of the Athenians, i. 9 Libellers and poets, capital punishment denounced against, i. 87 Liberty, different significations of the in what it consists, i. 150 how weakened in monarchies, i. 201 Lidus, what, ii. 95 Lombards, law of the, concerning slaves, the Roman law also keeps its ground, ii. 100 Long robe, dignity of the, in France, i.
Lot, suffrage by, i. 11 Louis the Debonnaire, his treatment of the Saxons, i. 136 his barbarity to his nephew, ii. 247 his weakness regarding his family, alienates the crown demesnes, ii. 249 Louis, St., his excess of zeal as a law- giver, i. 185, note abolishes judicial combats, ii. 133 _ his institutions fall into oblivion, ii.
Louis XIII, anecdote of, i. 78 consents to the slavery of the ne- groes in the hope of their conver- Louis XIV, grandeur of France under, gives rewards for large families, ii. 24 Love of country peculiar to democra- cies, i. 34 Lucca, brief tenure of office at, i. 13 Luxury, in proportion to the inequality of fortunes, i. 94 in towns, i. 95 and note in China, its fatal effects, i. 99 Roman laws against, i. 106 Lycian republic, the, i. 128 Lycurgus, remarks on the laws of, i. 34, Mr. Penn compared with him, i. 35 his senators, i. 48, note Lydians, the, conquered by Cyrus, i.
Lysander, anecdote of, i. 84 Machiavel on the loss of liberty of Flor- remark on, ii. 170 Machinery, to abridge labor not always _ useful, ii. 9 Magic, charge of, i. 187 Magistrate, a single, only suited to a despotic monarchy, 1. 80 Mahommedans, the facility of their con- quests explained, i. 217 Mahomet, his prohibition 01 wine, i. 228 his direction as to wives, i. 259 the son of Miriveis, j. 27 Malacca, fury of the people of, ii. 38 Malea, Cape, danger of its navigation, Males and females, number of, in differ- ent countries, ii. 7 Man as a physical and as an intelligent in a state of nature, i. 3 Mankind, general spirit of, i. 293 should be observed by legislators, Manners and customs of a nation, natu- ral means of changing, i. 2p8 mistakes of some legislators, 1. 300 Marculfus, his date, ii. 229 his formularies, ii. 230 Marriage, ii. 2 several orders of lawful wives, ii. 3 father's consent to, ii. 5 the Roman laws, ii. 12 to be regulated by the civil law, ii.
the Papian law, 11. 68 marriap;es between relatives, ii. 68 I)rohibitions, ii. 70 aws at Athens and at Sparta, i. 43, t Kc restrictions, 1. 91 Married men, privileges of, among the Romans, li. 15 Marseilles, amount of dowries fixed at, its commerce, i. 319 rivalry with Carthage, 1. 35s Marsyas put to death for a dream, t.
INDEX Maurice, the emperor, his clemency a mistake, i. 93 Maximinus, cruelty of, i. 89 Mayors of the palace, ii. 218 their authority, ii. 224 the idea of, derived from the Ger- mans, ii. 226 obtain the command of armies, ii.
their original functions, ii. 227 great offices and fiefs under them, seize the throne, ii. 261. See France Meaco, atrocities committed at, i. 86 considered a holy city, ii. 37 Merchandise, taxes on, i. 215 Metals, discovery of, i. 278, note Metempsychosis, the doctrine of, ii. 40 Metius Suffetius, punishment of, i. 88 Military not to be joined with civil em- ployment, i. 68 service, three sorts of, ii. 193 double service, ii. 193 Ministers not to sit as judges in mon- archies, i. 79 of religion to be honored, ii. 47 Minority, long, among the Romans, i.
49 Minos, laws of, i. 37 Mithridates, his accusation of the Ro- man proconsuls, i. 181 his riches, i. 356 Modesty, natural, i. 258 not to be shocked in punishment, i. Monarchical government, relation of laws to the nature 01, i. 15 a depositary of the laws necessary, no great share of probity required, its want, how supplied, i. 2^ the principle of monarchy, i. 25 laws in relation to the principle, i. 53 the executive power, i. 54 corruption of its principle, i. 113 its distihctive properties, i. 120 how it provides for its security, i.
the ancients had no clear idea of _ monarchy, i. 162 liberty, how weakened, i. 201 spies, i. 201 anonymous letters, i. 202 manner of governing, i. 203 the prince should be easy of access, his manners, 1. 205 Monarchy, restoration of, in England, Monasteries, ii. 50 Money should be banished from small states, i. 37 its use a proof of civilization, i. 277 laws among people who know not, and others who know its use, i. laws in relation to the use of, i. 374 nature of, i. 37s goods or chattels used instead of, ideal: exchange, 1. 381 proceedings of the Romans, i. 389 Monsoons, their use in ancient times, into, ii. 181 Moses, laws of, regarding asylums, ii. 47 Movable effects, the real riches, i. 328 Murder, composition for, in the Salic law, ii. 9s among other nations, ii. 197 Music, the manners softened by, i. 39 Naires, a custom of the, i. 2S3 Natches, despotism of the chief of the, Nations, law of, i. 5, 6 effect of Christianity on, ii. 29 civil law not applicable, ii. 76 Nature, laws of, i. 3 the crime against, i. 188 the charge often a calumny, i. 189 Navigation, some effects of an extenfurther remarks on, i. 337 Negroes. See Slavery, Negro Nero, impracticable project of, i. 219 New worlds, effect of their discovery on Europe, i. 366 Nobility essential to a monarchy, i. i6 ready to defend the throne, i. 115 should not engage in commerce, i.
the French, ii. 212 Normans, ravages of the, ii. 234, 237, 261 Oath, effect of an, among the Romans, only regarded by a religious people, regarded as sacrilegious by the Bur- gundians, ii. no Obedience, difference of, in moderate and despotic governments, i. 27 of the young to the old, i. 48 Offensive force, i. 133 Office, forced acceptance of, i. 67 Offices, great changes in the holding of, Old a§e, reverence of the Romans for, ii. IS Oppian law, the, i. 106 revoked, at the clamor of the wom- Orchomenus, commerce of, i. 340, 341 Ordeal, or trial by boiling water, ii. 109 Order of things, laws in relation to the, Ostracism distinguished from banish- ment, ii. ^s how it fell into disuse, ii. 75 where used, ii. 158 Oxus, course of, changed, i. 334 Palace, mayors of the, ii. 217 usurp the throne, ii. 261 Paper money, i. 374 Papian laws, the, ii. 68, 89 Papirius, the usurer, i. 201 Paraguay under the Jesuits, 1. 35 Parliament, the French, ii. 147 becomes a fixed body, ii. 148 Parthian empire, the, i. 362 MONTESQUIEU Paternal authority at Rome, i. 48 instance of, i. 48, note consent to marriage, ii. 5 Patricians, their privileges under the kings of Rome, i. 166 humbled by Servius Tullius, i. 166 Pegu, religion of, ii. 32 Penal laws respecting religion to be avoided, ii. 53 Penances, ii. 34 Penn, Mr., a real Lycurgus, i. 35 People, the sovereign in a democracy, well qualified to choose their min- isters, i. 10 but not to exercise authority them- selves, i. 10 should act only by their representa- tives, i. 154 not always prepared for the recep- tion of the best laws, i. 292 Pepin, his constitution regarding delays of justice, ii. 206 favors the clergy, ii. 233, 236 divides his kingdom between his sons, ii. 243 Perfection, philosophic idea of, ii. 19 Christianity gives force to it, ii. 20 Perpetuity of fiefs, some consequences Persia, orders of its kings irrevocable, its vast extent a source of weakness, an excellent custom in, i. 206 sophi of, dethroned because he had been too sparing of blood, i. 27 Persians, the, averse to navigation, i.
a false but useful doctrine of the, Peter the Czar, his mode of dealing with petitions, i. 204 his levy of taxes, i. 209 his sumptuary laws, i. 298 Phaleas of Chalcedon, his plan to ren- der all fortunes equal, i. 44 Philip II, his proscription of the Prince of Orange, ii. 168 Philopoemen obliges the Lacedaemon- ians to change their institutions, Phoenicians, commerce of the, i. 336 circumnavigate Africa, i. 349 Phylocles reproached for his cruelty, Physicians, Roman, law respecting, ii. not suitable to modern times, ii. 164 Pistes, edict of, its purpose, ii. 99 Plague, the, how regarded by the Turks, Plato on music, i. 37 on presents, i. 65 on public employment, i. 69 on accusations, i. 80 on suicide, ii. 159 remark, ii. 170 Plebeians capable of office at Rome, i. 10 their power augmented by Servius Tullius, i. 167 obtain the power of trying the patri- Plebiscita, i. 172 Pliny on the navigation of the Indies, Plutarch, his definition of law, i. i his opinion of women, i. 102 on the Cilonian sedition, i. 271 Poland, the aristocracy of, i. 15 the insurrection in, i. 116 would be better off without com- merce, i. 329 Police, regulations of the, ii. 79 Politeness, its real origin, i. 30 Roman, associated with arbitrary power, ii. 231 Political liberty in relation to the liberty of the subject, i. 183 Polygamy considered in itself, i. 254 equality of treatment in case of many wives, i. 255 separation of women from men, i. Pontificate, the, in despotic govern- ments, ii. 51 Pope, anecdote of a, i.__i8 Popes, election of the, ii. 240 Population in relation to the means of subsistence, i. 275 Porcian law, its purport, i. 88 Pork, unfit food in hot countries, ii.
42 Portuguese, their discoveries in the their restrictions on trade continued by the Dutch, i. 366 Poverty, two kinds of, i. 317 idleness its real cause, ii. 24 Praetors, the Roman, i. 76, 168 Precepts of the Frank kings, ii. 222 Presents, Plato on, i._ 65 the Roman law, i. 306 Price of things, how fixed, i. 378 Pride the source of politeness, i. 30 Primogeniture, right of, baneful to an aristocracy, i. 52 Prince, clemency in the, i. 92 should not engage in commerce, i. Problem, i. 373 Procopius, his account of the court of Justinian, i. 79 Productions of the earth in relation to population, ii. 8 Prohibition of marriage between cousins-german, ii. 70 Proof by witnesses, ii. 152 Propagation of the species, concern of the legislature in the, ii. 9 limitation of the number of children, ii. II the Roman laws encourage popula- French laws, ii. 24 Proscription, under the triumvirs, i. 108 Prosecutor, public, not known in early his advocate, ii. 141 Prostitution contrary to propagation, Protestant religion, the, most agr«^eable to a republic, ii. 30 Public credit, necessary to be supported, debts, i. 394 their inconveniences, i. 394 payment of, i. 395 advantages of a sinking fund, i. 395 revenues, the, i. 207 INDEX Publicans, the, of the Roman empire, Publius Rutlius, noble conduct of, i. 179 Puffendorf, on the population of France, Punishments, question of their severity in different governments, i. 81 under the ancient French laws, i. 82 few punishments necessary where the people are virtuous, i. 82 power of punishments, i. 83 the Roman laws, i. 87, 88 division of punishments into classes, just proportion between punish- ments and crimes, i. 89, 90 pecuniary and corporal punishments, law of retaliation, i. 92 parents punished for the crimes of their children, i. 92 Pyrenees, ancient gold and silver mines, Quaestors at Rome, i. 168 Rack, the, not a necessity, i. 91 restrictions on its employment, i. 91 and note used in France, but not in England, Ragusa, brief tenure of office at, i. 15 Rear-fiefs, ii. 255, 258 Rear-vassals, ii. ip2 Receiver and thief, punishment of, ii. the French law, ii. 161 views of the civilians, ii. 162 Recessuinthus, iniquitous law of, ii. 60 proscribes the Roman law, ii. loo Red Sea, the, of the ancients, i. 349 not the same as ours, i. 349 Regal laws of Rome, their cruelty, i. 87 Registers, public, their origin, ii. 152 Rejection, power of, should belong to the people, and not the power of resolving, i. 155 Religion, its influence on despotic gov- ernments, i. 59 the laws in relation to, ii. 27 the Christian and the Mohammedan, what governments most agreeable laws of perfection, ii. 32 moral laws, ii. 32 its influence on civil laws, ii. 35 its support to the state, ii. 36 immortality of the soul, ii. 39 should not inspire aversion to any- thing but vice, ii. 41 local laws, ii. 42 external polity, ii. 43 religious sentiments, ii. 43 the pontificate, ii. 51 toleration, ii. 51 changing a religion, ii. 52 propagation of religion, ii. 157 Its laws cannot regulate the civil Representatives of the people, i. 153 Republican government divided _ into democratic and aristocratic, i. 8 education in a, i. 33 ifs distinctive properties, i. 120 how it provides for its safety, i. 125 Republican government, confederate republics, i. 128 too severe in punishing high trea- suspension of liberty, i. 199 laws favorable to the liberty of the subject, i. 199 cruelty to debtors, i. 200 Republics, Greek, two sorts of, i. 46 Repudiation, i. 260 later legislation, i. 306 Rescripts of the Roman emperors, ii. i6c Retaliation, law of, i. 92 among the Arabs, and the Germans, Rhodes, law of, respecting debtors, i. Marquis of, proposes to open the Pyrenean mines, i. 354 Richelieu, Cardinal, on honest men, i.24 his advice to kings, i. 55 requires too much for them and their ministers, i. 56 regards an offence against himself as high treason, i. 191 on complaints against ministers, ii.
Ripuanan Franks preserve their own customs, ii. 92 simplicity of their laws, ii. 93 Robbery. See Theft Roman law, how lost in some countries and preserved in others, ii. 96 keeps Its ground in the demesne of the Lombards, ii. 100 how lost in Spain, ii. 101 why it fell into disuse, ii. 115 its revival, ii. 149 Romans, the, their views of maritime affairs and of commerce, i. 357 their proceedings with respect to money, i. 389 change the value of their specie, i.
proceedings in the time of the em- perors, i. 391 usury, i. 396 marriage laws, ii. 13, 15 laws of succession, ii. 81 not in a state of servitude among the conquerors of Gaul, ii. 177 Rome^ one principal cause of her fall, division of the people by Servius Tullius, i._ 10 the senate, i. 12, 13 project of Sylla, i. 20 paternal authority, 1. 49 and note Its state as an aristocratic republic, i. SI the tribunes, i. S5 set form of actions at, i. 76 the kings, i. 166 new distribution of power on their government of the provinces, 1. 180 government of the kings of, i. 165 Romulus, his laws regarding children, Roricon, his works, ii. 175 and note Rotharis, his law concerning lepers, i.
increase the compositions for wounds, ii. 197 Russian government, its endeavors to temper its arbitrary power, i. 59 MONTESQUIEU Sabbaco, history of, ii. 30 Sacrilege, impolicy of punishments for, instance of misguided zeal, i. 185 Sailors, civil obligations among, ii. 80 Salians, the, simplicity of their laws, ii.
do not tolerate corporal punish- ments, ii. 94 difference between them and the laws of the Visigoths and Bur- gundians, ii. g^ and the Ripuarian Franks, ii. 106, Salic law, its purpose, i. 281, 282 Salic lands, not fiefs, i. 28s laws, different from those of other barbarians, ii. 106, 108 why they fell into disuse, ii. 116 Salt used in Abyssinia as money, i. 374, nole Sammites, their origin, i. io8 excellent custom of the, i. 107 Sardinia, conduct of the Carthaginians, Satisfaction, refusal of, ii. 198 and note Savage and barbarous nations, differ- ence between, i. 276 Savages, natural timidity of, i. 4 Saxons, their treatment by Charle- magne, and by Louis the Debon- Seamen, little esteemed by the Romans, Seaport towns, populousness of, 11. 8 Second race of French kings, ii. 241 confusion of the royalty and mayor- alty, ii. 241 election of the kings, ii. 243 their humiliation, its principal cause, their fall, ii. 261 Seignior, Grand. See Sultan _ SeleucusNicator, projectof, i. 335 Semiramis, treasures of, i. 334 Senate, power of the, at Athens, i. 13 elected for life, i. 48 its spirit, i. 87 at Carthage, 1. 177 Servitude, domestic, 1. 251 political, i. 264 Servitudes, ii. 177' Servius Tullius, his division of the peo- ple, i. II alters the constitution of Rome, 1.
his land laws, ii. 82 Sexes, difference of, leads mankind to associate, i. 4. inequality in various climates, i. 255 Sextilius keeps possession of Fadia's estate, under the Voconian law, Sextus Peduccus, liberal conduct of, ii.
88 Shah Nadir, his conquest of the Mogul, Shipping of the ancients, i. 337 Siamese, their idea of happiness, i._ 225 Silanus, his marriage to his sister, i. 44 Silver, its proportionate value to cop- Sinking fund, advantages of, i. 39s Sixtus Quintus desired to revive the public accusation of adultery, i. 104 Slavery, most tolerable in despotic countries, i. 235 origin of the right of slavery among the Roman civilians, i. 236 other origins, i. 237, 239 negro slaves, i. 238 true origin of the right, i. 238 useless in Europe, i. 240 several kinds of slavery, i. 241 regulations and abuses, i. 241 danger from the multitude of slaves, armed slaves, i. 243 precautions used m moderate gov- ernments, i. 244 practice of the Romans, i. 245 regulations between masters and slaves, i. 246 enfranchisements, i. 247 domestic slavery independently of polygamy, i. 258 negro question of its lawfulness, i.
arguments for the practice, i. 239 Slaves, enfranchisement of, i. 247 enfranchised to accuse their masters, war of the, one of its causes, i. 179 Sobriety, laws relating to, i. 228 Sociable temper, effect of a, i. 295 Soil, nature of the, its relation to the Soldiers, Roman, their privileges, ii. 19 Solomon, the fleets of, 1. 336 their tedious voyage, i. 337 Solon, his division of the people, i. 11, 45, note his amendment of the suffrage, i. 12 his law of inheritance, i. 43 his rules for the Court of Areopagus, his law for the debtors, i. 200 Soul, immortality of the, the doctrine falsely understood, ii. 39 South and north, difference of their wants, i. 332 Southern nations, contradiction in the tempers of some, i. 224 Spain, riches of, in ancient times, i. nches drawn from America, i. 369 Spaniards, their character, i. 296 their argument for enslaving the Indians, i. 238 not really enriched by discovery of their conduct in the West Indies, and Chinese, character of the, i. 296 Spanish monarchy, particular case of barbarous law of the, i. 324 Sparta, the public assemblies of, i. 9 laws of, I. 34 abrogated by Philopoemen, i. 35, note marriage law at^ i. 43 Speeches, indiscreet, punishment of, i.
State inquisitors at Venice, 1. 14, 52, Stoics, sect of the, 11. 33 Subordination of the citizen to the mag- istrate, i. 48 Subsidies, Sec Taxes INDEX Substitution, the Roman and the French Successions, origin and revolutions of the Roman laws on, ii. 81, pi female succession in France, ii. 264 Suffrage, two kinds of, i. 11 open suffrage preferred, i. 12 often given for money, i. 12 Suicide said to be the consequence of a distemper, in England, i. 231 ancient laws against, ii. 159 Sultan, why held not bound by his his claim on inheritance, i. 60 cruelty in the administration of jus- tice, i. 82 Sumptuary laws in a democracy, i. 96 in an aristocracy, i. 97 in what cases useful there, i. 99 among the Romans, i. 104 Superstition, power of, i. 279 luxury of, ii. 50 Sweden, sumptuary laws of, i. 99 their object, i. 99 Sylla, project of restoring Roman liberty ascribed to, i. 20 makes the Cornelian laws, i. 88 Syracuse, its corruption and misery, i.
ostracism at, ii. 158 Syrian kings, commerce of the, i. 345 Tacitus, on the manners of the Ger- mans, i. 161, 163, 281, 284, 316; ii. Tarquin, rule of, i. 167 Tartars, effect of their conquests, i. 268 their servitude, i. 267, 279 law of nations among them, i. 280 civil law, i. 281 strange laws of the, ii. 35 Taxes in various governments, i. 207, on merchandise, i. 211 a bad impost, i. 212 ought to be light, i. 213 relation between the weight of taxes and liberty, i. 214 increase of taxes, i. 214, 215 oppressive taxes of the Greek em- perors, i. 217 exemptives, i. 218 question of levying taxes, i. 219 none levied on the lands of the bar- barians in Gaul, ii. 181 transient tax on the Romans there, taxes paid by the Romans and Gauls in the monarchy of the Franks, Temples, ii. 46 become sanctuaries, ii. 47 Testament. See Will Thebans, their horrible device to soften the manners of their youth, i. 39 Theft, various laws against, ii. 162 the law of the Twelve Tables, ii. 164 Theobald, King of the Franks, his weakness, ii. 227 Theodoric, King of Italy, his spirit and policy, ii. 179 Theoaosian code, the, its nature, ii. 19 Theophilus, anecdote of, i. 326 Theophrastus on music, i. 37, 38 Thoughts, punishment, i. 193 Tiberius, tyrannical proceedings of, i.
Tithes, establishment of, ii. 237 Toleration in point of religion, ii. 51 Tournaments, li. 120 Trade. See Commerce Treasure, the king's, ii. i7<i Trials. See Judgment Ordeal Tribunals, change of, on the revival of the Roman law, ii. 149 Tribunes, the preservers of the Roman republic, i. 55 Tribute, exemptions from, in China, i.
Triumvirs, the Roman, their barbarous proscriptions, i. 198 Troops, augmentation of, in Europe, its evil effects, i. 217 Truth in conversation not valued for its own sake, i. 30 Turkey, lawsuits speedily decided in, i.
74 danger of a litigious disposition in, Tutelage. See Guardianship Twelve Tables, law as to capital cases, as to succession, ii. 81 as to heirship, ii. 82 as to thieves, ii. 164 Tyranny, i. 293 Tyre, commerce of, i. 318 its settlements, i. 335 Usury forbidden by the laws of Ma- maritime, i. 396 among the Romans, i. 396 Valerian law, its purport, i. 83 Valette, the Duke de la, trial of, i.
78 Vamba, a king of the Visigoths, ii. loi and note Vanity and pride of nations, i. 295 Vassalage, the origin of, ii. 172 Vassals, variously named in the bar- barian laws, ii. 190 privileges of the king, ii. 230 Venetians, their parsimony, i. 97