In the writing of Hakatoko, Yuki no Muraji, it is stated: —‘On the 25th day of the rst month of the year Kanoto Tori (A.D. 661), we arrived at Yueh-chow on our return journey. On the ist day of the 4th month, leaving Yueh- chow, we proceeded homewards in an easterly direction, and on the 7th arrived south of Mount Ch‘éng-an-shan. On the 8th day at cock-crow we put out to sea with a south-west wind in our favour, but in mid-ocean we lost our way and tossed about, undergoing much suffering. On the gth day at nightfall we reached the island of Tamna with great difficulty. There we induced Prince A-pha-ki and eight other natives of the island to embark with us in the Guest-ship® to the end that we See above, XXVI. 18.
* Thought to be in Chikuzen. Tachibana no Hironiha (the wide court of the orange-blossom) is probably an ornamental epithet.
* Shrine is used for a Shinto place of worship; temple means a Buddhist temple.
4 By a curse from the deities.
° Another reading is Chief Chamberlain.
§ Quelpaert. 7 See above, XXVI. 109.
8 The ship in which they had gone as visitors to China.
XXVI. 25.
XX VI. 26.
272 NIHONGI.
might present them to the Imperial Court. On the 23rd day of the 5th month, we presented them to the Imperial Court at Asakura. This was the first time that Tamna was received at Court. Moreover, the Envoys, who had been slandered by Tarushima, Yamato no Aya no Atahe, a follower of Chihung, received no gracious command.’ These Envoys were wroth, and their anger penetrated to the Gods of High Heaven, who with a thunderbolt killed Tarushima.” * The men of that day said of this:—‘‘ The divine vengeance of Yamato is near.” 6th month. Prince Ise died. Autumn, 7th month, 24th day. The Empress died in the Palace of Asakura. 8th month, rst day. The Prince Imperial, in attendance on the Empress’s remains, returned as far as the Palace of Ihase. That evening, on the top of Mount Asakura, there was a demon’* wearing a great hat, who looked down on the funeral proceedings. All the people uttered exclamations of wonder. Winter, roth month, 7th day. The Empress’s funeral train returning, put to sea. Hereupon the Prince Imperial, having come to an anchor in the same place, was filled with grief and longing for the Empress. So he sung to himself, saying:— Longing as I do For a sight of thee, Now that I have arrived here, Even thus do I long Desirous of a sight of thee!
23rd day. The funeral of the Empress, returning, anchored at Naniha. 11th month, 7th day. The Empress’s remains were temporarily interred at Asuka-gahara. Mourning began on this day, and lasted for nine days.
1 It is not clear whether the “ gracious command ” was that of the Emperor of China or the Empress of Japan. It appears to me that the writer is here going back to the slander of the Envoys, while in China, by another follower | of Chihung (XXVI. 14), and that the gracious command, the want of which enraged them, was a-courteous message from the Chinese Emperor to the Empress of Japan.
2 Or spirit.
SAIMEI. 273 The ‘Record of the reigns of Japan” says:—“ The men of Thang, Hsii Shou-yen and others, who were taken prisoners by Pok-sin, arrived in Tsukushi.” One book says:—‘‘ In the year Kanoto Tori (A.D. 661), the one hun- dred and six Thang prisoners presented by Pok-sin, Minister of Pékché, took up their abode at Harita in the province of Afumi. Under the year Kanoye Saru (A.D. 660), it is already stated that Pok-sin presented Thang prisoners. Therefore it is now explained what was done with them.”
VOL. Ti. Ji XXVII.
BOOK XXVII.
THE EMPEROR AME MIKOTO HIRAKASU WAKE,! (TENCHI? TENNO.)
THE Emperor Ame mikoto hirakasu wake was the eldest son of the Emperor Okinaga tarashi-hi hiro-nuka.* His mother was called the Empress Ame toyo-takara ikashi-hi tarashi-hime.* In the fourth year of her reign, the Empress Ame toyo-takara ikashi-hi tarashi-hime resigned the Dignity to the Emperor Ame-yorodzu toyo-hi,’ and established the Emperor ® as Prince Imperial. The Emperor Ame-yorodzu toyo-hi died in the tenth month of his later fifth year.” In the following year the Em- press Dowager assumed the Imperial Dignity. She died in the seventh year of her reign, on the 24th day of the 7th month. The Prince Imperial, clad in white garments,* discharged the functions of government.’
In this month General Su, the Turkic Prince Ch‘ipichiali ” and others proceeded by two routes—land and sea—as far as the Koryo walled city.”
The Prince Imperial removed his residence to the Palace ot.
1 Ame, heaven; mikoto, behest; hirakasu, throw open. Wake is con- nected with wakaki, young. It is nearly equal to our word prince.
2 Heavenly intelligence. 3 Jomei Tenno, 4 Kogioku Tenno.
5 Kotoku Tenno, 6 i.e. the present Emperor Tenchi.
* i.e. of the period Hakuchi, the second of the two year-periods into which his reign was divided.
%’ Mourning. Giles says ® half-mourning;” but the phrase has‘here a more general application. Unbleached hempen cloth was probably the material.
9 The phrase A ‘fill is rendered in the interlinear gloss by matsurigoto kikoshimesu, i.e. ‘attended to the Government.” Giles and Williams give another explanation, which does not suit the present passage, But are not the ‘ij here the mourning regulations? and does not the phrase mean ‘announced the mourning for the Empress”?
10 Chinese pronunciation. 4 Now Phyéng-syang.
TENCHI. 275 Nagatsu, where by degrees he attended to the organization of the foreign war.
In the 8th month he sent the generals of the Front Division, Adzumi no Hirafu no Muraji, of Lower Daikwa rank, and _ Kahabe no Momoye no Omi, of Lower Shékwa rank, and the generals of the Rear Division, Abe no Hikeda no Hirafu no Omi, of Lower Daikwa rank, Kuma, Mononobe no Muraji, of Upper Daisen rank, and Oho-ishi, Mori no Kimi, of Upper Daisen rank, to the assistance of Pékché. He alsosent arms and grain.
Another book adds here:—‘ He sent separately Ajimasa, Sawi no Muraji, of Lower Daisen rank, and Takutsu, Hada no Miyakko, of Lower Shésen rank, for the protec- tion of Pékché.”
gth month. The Prince Imperial, while having his Court at the Palace of Nagatsu, conferred a cap of woven stuff! on Phung-chhyang, the Pekché Prince. Moreover he gave him to wife the younger sister of Komoshiki, Oho no Omi. He accordingly sent Ajimasa, Sawi no Muraji, of Lower Daisen rank, and Takutsu, Hada no Miyakko, in command of a force of more than five thousand men to escort him to his own country. Now when Phung-chhyang arrived in his country, Pok-sin came to meet him, and bowing his head to the ground, delivered to him the government of the land, entrusting to him everything without excep- tion.
12th month. Informa- tion was received from Koryé that in this 12th month the cold in that Cloud-chariot. country -was so _ intense that the River Phé-kang’ was frozen. Therefore the Thang army made an uproar with drums and gongs, cloud-chariots * and 1 See above, XXV. 41.
? Probably the river now known as the Thé-tong-kang.
* [de illustration. The cloud-chariots were movable erections. for overlooking the enemy’s defensive works, ‘They correspond to the zurrts of Roman warfare.; 276 NIHONGI.
battering-engines. The Koryé troops were brave and stalwart, and therefore re-took two of the Thang forts. There were only two left, which they prepared to take by a night attack. The Thang soldiers, nursing their knees, wept aloud. But their (the Koryo men’s?) arms were blunted and their strength exhausted, so that they were unable to take them.’ If this is not a case of navel-biting* disgrace, what is? The priest To-hy6n says:—‘ To describe the intentions of Chhyun-chhyu*—He was really about to begin with Battering-engine.
Koryé, and he first made it known to Pekché. The close attack of Pékché was exceedingly urgent and distressing, therefore it is so stated.” * In this year Maro, Kishida no Omi, Governor of the province of Harima, and others, presented a precious sword, saying:-— “Tt was found in a hole in the millet-field of a man of the district of Saya.”
Moreover, when the generals for assisting Koryo cast anchor at the beach of Kaphari in Pékché, they lit a fire. The ashes became changed and formed a hole, from which there issued a The two forts above mentioned. > i.e. helpless disgrace. To bite one’s navel is impossible. * King of Silla. 4 All this is most unclear.
TENCHI, 277 thin noise like that of a sounding arrow.' Some said that this was an omen of the ultimate downfall of Kory6 and Pékché.
Ist year, Spring, ist month, 27th day. A grant was made to the Kwisil Pok-sin, Minister of Pékché, of 100,000 arrows, 500 kin of raw silk, rooo kin of floss silk, rooo tan of cloth, 1000 hides of leather, and 3000 koku ® of seed-rice.
3rd month, 4th day. The Emperor presented to the King of Pékché 300 tan of cloth.
In this month the men of Thang and the men of Silla invaded Kory6. Koryé asked aid from our Government, and generals were sent, who occupied the walled city of Sonyu. Owing to this, the men of Thang were unable to conquer the southern territory, while Silla was. prevented from overthrowing the fortresses to the west.
Summer, 4th month. A rat brought forth young in a horse’s tail, The Buddhist priest Tohy6n divined, saying:—‘‘ The men of the North are about to attach themselves to the Southern Country.” Perhaps (he meant) that Kory6, being beaten, would become a vassal of Japan.
5th month. The General-in-Chief, Adzumi no Hirafu no Muraji, of Lower Daikin rank, and others, in command of a fleet of 170 ships, escorted Phung-chhyang and his people to the Land of Pékché, where, by an Imperial edict, he was made to take up the succession to the (royal) Dignity. Moreover a golden tablet was conferred on Pok-sin, his back was stroked, and he was praised and an honorary grant made to.
him. At this time Phung-chhyang and his people, and also Pok-sin, received the Imperial decree with their heads bowed to the ground, so that everybody shed tears.
6th month, 28th day. Pékché sent the Talsol, Manchi, and others to offer tribute and bring presents.
Winter, 12th month, 1st day. Phung-chhyang of Peékché, his Minister Pok-sin, and others held counsel with Sawi no Muraji and Yechi no Takutsu, saying:—‘‘ This Chyu-yu® is far away from cultivated lands. The soil is unfertile, and there is no land suitable for agriculture or for the mulberry tree. It is simply a stronghold for defensive warfare. If we were to Nari-kabura. See above, Vol I. p. 87. A measure now equal to 5°13 bushels.
1 * No doubt the same place as the Sonyu above mentioned.
XXVII. 4.
XXVII.
XXVII. 6.
278 NIHONGI.
‘remain here long, the people would starve. _We should remove to Phi-syéng. Phi-syong is girt on the north and west by the ‘Rivers Ko-nyén and Tan-kyong, while on the south and east it is protected by deep mud and high’earthworks. It is encom- passed on all sides by rice-fields, to which the rain-water is drawn down by cutting canals. Its produce of flowers and fruit is the fairest of all the three Kingdoms of Corea. A source of food and clothing, it is a choice situation favoured by the two first principles.’ It may be said that it lies low, but why should this prevent us from removing thither?”’ Upon this Yechi no Takutsu alone stood forward and objected, saying:—‘“‘ The distance between Phi-syéng and the position occupied by the enemy can be covered in one night’s march. This is extremely near. Should a surprise take place, regrets would be useless. Now starvation is a secondary matter; destruction demands our first attention. The reason why the enemy do not now rashly approach is that Chyu-yu has taken advantage of a scarped hill by which it is thoroughly well fortified. The cliffs are high and the ravines narrow. This makes it easy to defend and difficult to attack. But if we occupied the low ground, how should the country have remained undisturbed up to this day?” In the end, they refused to listen to his remonstrances and made Phi-syong the capital.
This year, in order to assist Pékché, arms were put in order, ships fitted out, and stores of army provisions prepared.
This year was the year Midzunoye Inu (59th) of the Cycle.
and year, Spring, 2nd month, 2nd day. Pekché sent the Talsol, Kim-syu, and others to offer tribute. Silla men wasted by fire four districts of the southern border of Pekché. They also captured Antok and other strong positions. This being so, the enemy were not far from Phi-syéng,® and this position became therefore untenable, so they came back again and occupied Chyu-yu, in accordance with Takutsu’s policy.
In this month, the Minister Pok-sin sent up (to the Emperor) Hsii Shou-yen and other Thang prisoners.
3rd month. Wakugo, Kamitsukenu no Kimi, and Ohobuta, 1 The Yin and Yang.
* I cannot identify Phi-syéng or Antok, but they must have been in the southern part of the present province of Kyéngsyangdo. The Coreans were fond of changing the names of their cities.
TENCHI. 279 Hashibito no Muraji, Generals of the Front Division, Wosa, Kose no Kamusaki no Omi, and Nemaro, Miwa no Kimi, generals of the Middle Division, and Hirafu, Abe no Hikeda no Omi, and Kamatsuka,' Ohoyake no Omi, Generals of the Rear Division, were sent in command of 27,000 men to invade Silla.
Summer, 5th month, 1st day. Inugami no Kimi, who had hurried to Kory6 to give information of warlike matters, on his way back saw Kyu-hé’ at the walled city of Sydk-syéng. Kyu-hé accordingly told him of Pok-sin’s guilt.
6th month. Wakugo, Kamitsukenu no Kimi, General of the Front Division, and the others, took two cities of Silla named Sapi and Kinokang. Phung-chhyang, King of Pékché, suspecting Pok-sin of harbouring treasonous intentions, bound him with a leathern strap passed through his palms. But he was unable to come to a decision of himself, and did not know what to do. So he inquired of his Ministers, saying:—‘‘ Pok- sin’s guilt has been soand so. Shall he be beheaded, or not? ”’ Upon this, the Talsol, Tok Chip-tok, said:—‘‘ This traitor ought not to be let off.” Pok-sin forthwith spat upon Chip-tok and said:—‘* Thou worthless dog! Thou idiotic slave!’’ The King compelled his stout fellows to execute him and to put his head in pickle. | Autumn, 8th month, 13th day. Silla, taking advantage of the King of Pékché having put to death his own good general, laid plans to enter that country direct, and first of all to capture Chyu-yu. Now Pékché learnt the enemy’s plan, and addressed his generals, saying:—‘‘I now hear that Omi, Ihohara no Kimi, the auxiliary general of the Land of Great * Japan, in command of more than 10,000 stout fellows, is on the point of arriving hither by sea. I hope that you, my generals, will take such measures as are suitable in advance. I intend myself to proceed to Pekchon and give him seasonable entertainment.” | 17th day. The hostile generals arrived before Chyu-yu and encompassed the Royal city. The Thang generals, in command of 170 fighting ships, drew up in line of battle in the 1 Sickle-handle. 2 A Pékché Prince. See above, XXVI. 24. * Dai Nippon. The first instance of the use of dai, great, in this con- nection, XXVII.
XXVII. 8.
280 NIHONGI.
Pékchon river." The Japanese warships which first arrived engaged the Thang fleet, but had not the advantage, and therefore retired. Great Thang stood on its guard in strict order of battle.
27th day. The Japanese generals and the Pékché King, regardless of the aspect of affairs, said to one another:—“ If we struggle which shall get first, they will naturally retire of themselves.” So they again led forward the routed Japanese ranks, and the troops of the Middle Division of their force, to attack the Great Thang fleet. But Thang closed upon their vessels from right and left, and engaged them from all sides. In a short space of time the Imperial force was defeated, and many fell into the water and were drowned. The ships were unable to manceuvre either astern or ahead. Yechi no Takutsu looked up to heaven and made oaths; he gnashed his teeth, and in his rage slew severaltensofmen. He then fell fighting. At this time King Phung-chhyang of Pékché with a number of others, embarked in a ship and fled to Koryé.
gth month, 7th day. Not until now did the Pékché city of Chyu-yu surrender to Thang. Then the people of that _ country said to one another:—‘‘ Chyu-yu has fallen; there is XXVII.
9.
nothing more to be done; this day the name of Pékché has become extinct. Shall we ever visit again the place where the tombs (of our ancestors) are? Let us, however, repair to the city of Ho-nyé, and meet there with the Japanese generals, so as to concert with them the measures required by the circumstances.” Inthe end the wives and children, who had from the first remained in the walled town of Chhim-pok-ki, were informed of their intention to quit the country.
11th day.. They set out for Muho.
13th day. They arrived at Ho-nyé.?
24th day. The Japanese fleet, with the (Pékché) Minister Y6 Cha-sin, and the Talsol, Mok-so Kwi-chi, Kong-na Chin- syu, and Ong-nyé Pong-nyu, along with the people of the country, arrived at the city of Ho-nyé. The next day they set sail, and at length bent their course towards Japan.
3rd year, Spring, 2nd month, 9th day. The Emperor,’ by ' I take this to be the river now called Naktong, in the south of Corea.
2 The Interlinear Kana has Tere. 3 He is called Prince Imperial both above and below.
TENCHI. 281 orders to the Prince Imperial, his younger brother, announced an augmentation and revision of the caps denoting official rank, and also an increase in the designations of the grades, as well as matters relating to the senior members of families, their vassals and domestic retainers.
There were twenty-six grades of caps, viz.:—- | Upper Dai-kin Middle Dai-kin Lower Dai-kin Upper Sho-kin Middle Sho-kin Lower Sho-kin. Upper Dai-sen ’ Middle Dai-sen (greater woven stuff) (lesser eC (greater embroidery) (lesser doy (greater purple) . (lesser do. ) (greater brocade) (lesser brocade) ( Bioeet i" 4) (greater mountain) (greater kingfisher’) (lesser kingfisher) (greater ken) (lesser ken) ” These made in all twenty-six grades. The former kwa (flower) was changed to kin (brocade), and six grades were added, beginning with Kin and ending with Otsu. There was also an augmentation and alteration by which the single grade of initial rank was changed to the two grades of Daiken and Shoken. These were made different, but in all other respects the former rule was followed.
To the senior members of the great families long swords 1 See above, XXV. 4I. 2 Ken means to set up, to establish. These two grades correspond to the Risshin or Kembu named above, XXV., 41.
XXVII.
282 NIHONGI.
were granted, and to the senior members of lesser families short swords were granted, while to the senior members of the Tomo no Miyakko, etc., shields and bows and arrows were given. Moreover, their vassals and domestic retainers were settled.
3rd month. Prince Syén-kwang’ of Pékché and his people were given a residence at Naniha.
There was a star which fell north of the capital.
This spring there was an earthquake.
Summer, 5th month, 17th day. Liu Jén-yiian, the (Chinese) general for Pékché, sent the Chao-san-ta-fu? Kuo Wu-ts‘ung to present a letter-box * and gifts.
In this month the Oho-omi, Soga no Muraji, of Tai-shi rank, died. One book says:—‘‘ The Oho-omi died in the intercalary fifth month.”
6th month. The Empress Dowager’ Shima died.
Winter, roth month, 4th day. Kuo Wu-ts‘ung and his companions were dismissed home. On this day the Emperor ordered Nakatomi no Naijin® to send the Buddhist priest Chi-sho with presents for Kuo Wu-ts‘ung.
4th day.° An entertainment was given to Kuo Wu-ts‘ung and his suite.
In this month Ké-kim, Prime Minister of Koryé, died in that country. He left dying injunctions to his children, saying:—‘‘ Ye brethren, live together in harmony, as a fish and water, and do not compete with one another for rank. If you do not so, you will surely become a laughing-stock to your neighbours.”
12th month, 12th day. Kuo Wu-ts‘ung and his suite took their departure.
1 The history of Pékché in the “ Tongkam” ends with the previous King Wicha. Syén-kwang was his son.
? Lower fifth rank under the Thang dynasty.
’ Of course, a box containing a letter is meant.
* The original might be more literally translated Empress grandmother,, and this Empress was really Tenchi’s grandmother, but as this term is used elsewhere simply as an honorary appellation, I prefer to render it by Empress Dowager.
®> Viz. Kamatari Ko.
5 This is the same date as the last. There is something wrong here.
TENCHI. 283 In this month it was reported from the province of Ahaji, saying:—‘‘In the water of a pig-trough belonging to Mu, Shinuta no Fumibito, a man of the district of Sakata, rice grew all of a sudden. Mu gathered it and put it by. Every day his wealth increased. There isa mancalled Oho, Ihaki no Sukuri, of the district of Kurimoto, at the head of whose bride’s mattress rice grew up during her first night’s stay with him and formed an ear. In the morning it bent down and ripened. The following night another ear was formed. She went out into the courtyard, when two keys fell down from heaven before her. She took them up and gave them to Oho, who from this time began to be a wealthy man.”
In this year guards and beacon-fires were placed in the islands of Tsushima and Iki and in the Land of Tsukushi. Moreover in Tsukushi a great embankment was constructed, and water collected. This was called a minoki or water- castle.’
4th year, Spring, 2nd month, 25th day. The Empress Dowager Hashibito * died.
In this month, after a comparison of the Pekché degrees of official rank, there was granted to the Kwi-sil, Chips, in con- sideration of the eminent services of the Minister Pok-sin, the rank of Lower Shokin. [His original rank was that of Talsol.*5] Moreover Pekché common people, men and women to the number of more than 400, were given residences in the ‘district of Kanzaki, in the province of Afumi.
3rd month, 1st day. For the sake of the Bene Dowager Hashibito, 330 persons entered religion.
In this month rice-lands were granted to Be. Pékché people of Kanzaki.
Autumn, 8th month. The Talsol, Tap Pon-chhyun, was sent to build a castle in the province of Nagato.
The Talsol, Ong-nyé Pong-nyu, and the Talsol, Sa-pi Pok-pu, 1 A native authority quoted in the “Shikai” edition says:—“ The embank- ment of the water-castle in the district of Mikasa is four ken (twenty-four feet) in height, fifteen ken in width of base, and 400 ken from east to west. The space within the embankment has been made into rice-fields.”
2 Kotoku Tenno’s wife. Empress Dowager is literally Great Consort.
3 The Chinese characters used for this in the “ Nihongi” are = 2S But, as Dr. Florenz points out, the proper characters are 4 AS, which in Corean are read Tésol.
XXVII. II XXVII.
XXVIII.
284 NIHONGI, were sent to the Land of Tsukushi, where they built the two castles of Ohono and Woyogi.
Tamna sent ambassadors to the Court.
gth month, 23rd day. The Land of Thang sent Liu Té-kao Chao-san-ta-fu,’ Sub-prefect? of Ichou, and Shang-chu-kuo * and others.
By others is meant a General of the Right Division of the Guards, of the rank of Shang-chu-kuo, a General for Peékché, who was a Chao-ta-fu of Chu-kuo rank, by name Kuo Wu-Ts‘ung, and others, 254 persons in all. 7th month, 28th day. They arrived at Tsushima. gth month, 2oth day. They arrived at Tsukushi. 22nd day. They forwarded a letter-case.
Winter, roth month, 11th day. A great review was held at Uji.
t1th month, 13th day. A banquet was given to Liu Té-kao and the others.
12th month, 14th day. Presents were made to Liu Té-kao and the rest.
In this month Liu Té-kao and his people took their departure.
In this year Oho-ishi, Mori no Kimi, of Shokin rank, and others were sent to Great Thang, etc., etc.
By others is meant Ihashiki, Sakahibe no Muraji, of Shosen rank, and Harima, Kimi no Kishi, of Daiotsu rank. They no,doubt went to escort the Thang Envoys. — 5th year, Spring, Ist month, 11th day. Koryé sent Neung- nu, of the Former Division,’ and others to offer tribute.
On this day Tamna sent Prince Si-yé and others to offer presents.
3rd month. The Prince Imperial went in person to the house of Saheki no Komaro no Muraji to inquire of his illness. He lamented him on account of his loyal service from the beginning.
1 See above, XXVII. Io. 2 Sze-ma.
* There were in Koryé five Divisions. The first was the Inner or Yellow Division; the second was the Northern or After Division; the third was the Eastern or Left Division; the Fourth was the Southern or Former Division; the fifth was the Western or Right Division.
nn ae TENCHI. 285.
Summer, 6th month, 4th day. Neung-nu of Koryé, of the Former Division, and his people took their departure.
Autumn, 7th month. There were great floods.
This autumn the land-tax and commuted taxes were remitted.
Winter, roth month, 26th day. Koryo sent the Minister Eul-syang! Om-chhu and others to offer tribute.
The Chief Envoy, the Minister Eulsyang Om-chhu, the Associate Envoy Tun, of the rank of Talsyang, Ya-kwang Hyon-mu, of the Second Rank, and others.
This winter the rats of the capital migrated towards Afumi. Over 2000 Pekché people, men and women, were settled in the East country. Without distinction of black and white,’ they were all maintained at Government expense for three © years beginning with the year Midzunoto I.’
Chiyu, a Buddhist priest of the Yamato no Aya, presented to the Emperor a south-pointing chariot.* 6th Year, Spring, 2nd month, 27th day. The Empress Ame toyo-takara ikashi-hi tarashi-hime* and the Imperial Princess Hashibito® were buried together in the misasagi on the Hill of Wochi. On this day the Imperial granddaughter the Imperial Princess Ohota was buried in a tomb’ in front of the misasagi.
Koryé, Pékché and Silla all made mourning along the Imperial highway.® The Prince Imperial addressed the Ministers, saying:—-‘‘ In obedience to the commands of the Empress Dowager and the Empress, I have compassion on the myriad people, and therefore have not undertaken the work of constructing a stone sarcophagus.’ I trust that this may be taken as a mirror and a lesson for all time.”
3rd month, r9th day. The capital was removed to Afumi.
1 An official rank. > i.e. of priests and laymen. 7 A.D, 663. 4 A compass, See above, XXVI. Io. ra > Saimei Tenno.. § Kotoku Tenno’s Consort.
7 Several of the misasagi have just outside the moat circular mounds of much smaller size. These have a small moat and one or two rows of clay cylinders round them. The tomb in question is still pointed out and known as the Ishidzuka or stone mound.
8 By which the Imperial funeral procession passed. » This is the literal translation, and it is true that stone sarcophagi were used in burial. But I am disposed to think that the vault is intended. Not XXVII.
XXVII.
286 NIHONGI, At this time the common people of the Empire did not desire the removal of the capital. Many made satirical remonstrance, and there were also many popular songs. Every day and every night there were numerous conflagrations.
6th month. The district of Kadono' presented to the Emperor a white swallow.”
Autumn, 7th month, 11th day. Tamna sent the Minister Choén-ma and others to offer presents.
8th month. The Prince Imperial proceeded to the Yamato capital. ' Winter, roth month. Namséng,’ of Koryé, the elder brother, left the city* for a tour in the provinces. Upon this, his two younger brothers, who remained in the city, listening to the evil speeches of the gentry and nobles associated with. them, opposed him and would not allow him to enter. Hereupon Namséng ran away to Great Thang and laid plans for the destruction of his country.
11th month, gth day. Liu Jén-yiian, the (Chinese) General for Pékché, sent the Prefect of Ungsan,’ in the Governorship of Ungchin,’ Szema Fats‘ung, of Shang-chu-kuo rank, and others to escort Ihashiki, Sakahibe no Muraji, of Lower Daisen rank, and his companions to the Governor-General’s residence in Tsukushi.’
13th day. Szema Fats‘ung and his companions took their departure homewards. Hakatoko, Yuki no Muraji, of Lower Shédsen rank, and Moroshi, Kasa no Omi, of Lower Daiotsu rank, were made Escort Envoys.
In this month there were built the castle of Takayasu in the province of Yamato, the castle of Yashima in the district of Yamada in the province of Sanuki, and the castle * of Kanada in the province of Tsushima.
to make a sarcophagus would afford a very trifling relief to the people. The vault on the other hand was a very considerable work, owing to the enormous stones of which it was built.
1 In Yamashiro. 2 A good omen. 3’ He was Chief Minister.
4 Phyéngyang, the capital, is meant. » Bear-hill. Bear-port.
6 The “Tongkam” says:—“‘In the year 660, Thang divided the former territory of Pékché into five provinces, viz., Ungchin, Mahan, Tongmyong, Keumny6n and Tokan.
7 The Dazaifu or Viceroyalty.
8 We hear in this reign for the first time of the building of castles TENCHI. 287 Intercalary 11th month, 11th day.
Chonma and his companions received presents of 14 hiki of brocade, 19 hiki of yuhada,’ 24 hiki of dark red stuff, 24 tan of violet cloth, 58 tan of peach-dyed stuff, 26 axes, 64 sickles, and 61 swords.
7th year, Spring, 1st month, 3rd day. The Prince Imperial assumed the Imperial Dignity.
One book says that he assumed the Dignity in the 3rd month of the 6th year—the year Hinoto U of the Cycle.’
7th day. A banquet was given to the Ministers within the Palace.
23rd day. The Escort Envoys Hakatoko and his colleagues reported their mission.
2nd month, 23rd day. Princess Yamato bime, daughter of the Imperial Prince Furubito no Ohoye, was appointed Empress-consort. In the end four concubines were provided. One was the daughter of the Oho-omi, Soga no Yamada no Ishikaha Maro, by name Wochi no Iratsume. [Some books call her Minodzuko hime.} She bore one son and two daughters. The first was called the Imperial Princess Ohota; the second was called the Imperial Princess Uno.* When she possessed the Empire she dwelt in the Palace of Kiyomibara in Asuka. She afterwards removed the Palace to Fujihara. The third was called the Imperial Prince Takeru. He was dumb and could not speak.
One book says:—‘‘ Wochi no Iratsume had one son and two daughters. The first was called the Imperial Prince Takeru; the second was called the Imperial Princess Ohota; the third was called the Imperial Princess Uno.” One book says:—‘‘ The daughter of the Oho-omi, Soga no . Yamada no Maro, was named Chinu no Iratsume. She bore the Imperial Princess Ohota and the Imperial Princess Sarara.”’.
Next there was the younger sister of Wochi no Iratsume, named Mehi no Iratsume. She gave birth to the Imperial Princess Minabe and the Imperial Princess Abe.‘ When the (th ian This character, which in China and Corea means a walled city, is in Japan used in a sense nearly the same as our word “ castle.”
1 Silk stuff tied and then dyed, so that a pattern is produced.
XXVILI.
NOX Lite, 288 NIHONGI.
Imperial Princess Abe possessed the Empire, she dwelt in the Palace of Fujihara. She afterwards removed the capital to Nara. One book says:—‘‘ The name Sakurawi no Iratsume was given to Mehi no Iratsume.”
Next there was the daughter of the Oho-omi, Abe no Kurahashi Maro, named Tachibana no Iratsume. She gave birth to the Imperial Princess Asuka, and the Imperial Princess Nittabe.
Next there was the daughter of the Oho-omi, Soga no Akaye, named Hitachi no Iratsume. She gave birth to the Imperial Princess Yamabe.
There were also four Palace women die bore (to the Emperor) sons and daughters. One was the daughter of Wotatsu, Woshiumi no Miyakko, named Shikobuko no Irat- sume. She had one son and two daughters. The first was called the Imperial Princess Ohoye; the second was called the Imperial Prince. Kahajima; _ third was called the Imperial Princess Idzumi.
Further there was the daughter of Tokoma, Kurikuma no Obito, named Kurohime no Iratsume. She gave birth to the Imperial Princess Momutori.
Further there was Michi no Kimi Iratsume, who was the mother of the Imperial Prince Shiki.
Further there was Yakako, Iga no Uneme, who was the mother of the Imperial Prince Iga. He subsequently received the cognomen of the Imperial Prince Ohotomo.
Summer, 4th month, 6th day. Pékché' sent Mi-to-sa-pu and others to offer tribute.
16th day. Mi-to-sa-pu and his companions took their de- parture.
5th month, 5th day. The Emperor hunted? on the Moor of Kamafu. At this time the Prince Imperial, being the Emperor’s younger brother, all the Princes, the Inner Minister* andthe other Ministers were all without exception in his train.
1 There was no Kingdom of Pékché at this time.
2 Any excursion of the Emperor’s was called hunting. The hunt on this occasion was no doubt for medicinal herbs Hipcrlebic a for which this was the appointed day.
% Naijin.
TENCHI. 289 6th month. The Prince of Ise and the Prince his younger brother died on consecutive days. Their official rank is not clear.’.
Autumn, 7th month. Koryéd sent Envoys by way of Koshi to offer tribute. The winds and waves were high, and they were therefore unable to return.
Prince Kurikuma was appointed Governor of Tsukushi.
At this time the province of Afumi practised military exercises.
Again, pasture farms were largely provided, and horses were let loose there.