this, secretly practised bribery with Ihawi, and encouraged him to oppose the passage of Kena no Omi’s army. Hereupon Thawi occupied the two provinces of Hi* and Toyo,‘ and would not allow the taxes to be paid. Abroad he intercepted the route by sea, and led astray the yearly tribute ships from the countries of Koryo, Pékché, Silla, and Imna, while at home he blocked the way for Kena no Omi’s army which was being sent to Imna. He lifted up his voice in abusive language, saying:—‘“ Thou who hast now become an envoy wast for- merly my companion. We rubbed shoulders and touched elbows; we ate the same food from the same vessels. How ‘canst thou lightly be made an envoy, and make me come freely and prostrate myself before thee?” He at length fought and would not receive him; he was haughty and self-conceited.
For this reason Kena no Omi was prevented midways from proceeding on his journey, and was detained. The Emperor addressed Kanamura, Ohotomo no Ohomuraji, Arakahi, Mono- nobe no Ohomuraji, and Wobito, Kose no Oho-omi, saying:— ““Thawi of Tsukushi has rebelled, and has occupied the terri- ‘tory of the western wilds. Whom shall we now make general? ” ‘Ohotomo no Ohomuraji and the others all said:—* For uprightness, humane bravery, and acquaintance with military matters there is at present no one who goes out to the right of” Arakahi.”” The Emperor said:—“ Be it so.”
1 His name was Myéngnye 4A yi.? Back again to Yamato. 3 Now Hizen and Higo. * Buzen and Bungo.
* i.e. excels. This is a Chinese phrase. The left is now the honourable -side; at one time the right was so.
XVII. 18 SVE SiG: MOVIL: 20; AGS eG 2 Os 16 NIHONGI.
Autumn, 8th month, rst day. The Emperor made a decree, saying:—‘‘ Ah, Ohomuraji!' here is this Ihawi who will not obey us. Do thou go and chastise him.” The Ohomuraji, *“Mononobe no Arakahi, with repeated obeisances, said:—‘‘ Ah!
Ihawi, that unprincipled knave of the western wilds, relies on the impediments of rivers, and does not appear at Court. He trusts to the steepness of the mountains, and stirs up disorder. He subverts virtue and acts contrary to principle; he is. insolent and wise in his own conceit. From Michi no Omi in ancient times down to Muruya® at present (there have been ministers who) have fought at the same time both for their Emperor and to rescue the people from misery. This is. simply owing to the help of Heaven, and thy servant has always. been impressed with its importance. How should he fail reverently to smite them?”
The Emperor charged him, saying:—‘‘ The generalship of a good commander consists in dispensing kindness and exercising forbearance: he rules others with the leniency he shows to himself. In attack he is like the bursting forth of a river, in combat he resembles the rising of the storm.” Again he charged him, saying:—‘‘Ona great commander depends the lives of the people and the existence of the State. Be earnest, and reverently execute the Celestial punishment.” The Em- peror took up the battle-axe* in his own hands, and delivered it to the Ohomuraji, saying:—‘‘ We will control the country from Anato eastward; do thou hold sway over the land from Tsukushi westwards. Dispense rewards and punishments absolutely, and trouble not thyself to make frequent reference LOues.”7 22nd year, Winter, 11th month, 11th day. The Commander- in-chief Arakahi, Mononobe no Ohomuraji, taking personal command, engaged battle with the rebel leader, [hawi, in the district of Miwi in Tsukushi. The flags and drums approached close to each other, the dust (from both armies) became mingled. The critical moment for the two armies arrived, and the position was such that ten thousand deaths seemed 1 ie. Arakahi. 2 See above, Vol. I. p. 117. 3 Muruya was Kanamura’s father. 4° An emblem of authority.
e KEIDAI,: EF unavoidable. At length he slew Ihawi, and eventually subdued the frontier land.'
12th month. Kuzu, Kimi of Tsukushi, fearing to be involved in his father’s execution, offered to the Emperor the Granary? of Kasuya, asking to be allowed to ransom his life.
23rd year, Spring, 3rd month. The King of Pékché ad- dressed Oshiyama, Hodzumi no Omi, Governor of Lower art, saying:—“‘ Now our tribute envoys have always to avoid the headlands and expose themselves to the winds and waves. In ‘consequence of this the goods they bear become wet and wholly spoiled and unsightly. I pray that thou wilt make the Port of Tasa in Kara the crossing route by which to send thy servant’s tribute.” Oshiyama no Omi made application. to the Emperor accordingly.
This month Kasone, Mononobe no Ise no Muraji, Kishi no Okina,* and others were sent to make over the Port to the King of Pekché. Hereupon the King of Kara spoke to the Imperial Envoys, saying:—-“‘ This Port ever since the esta- blishment of the (Japanese) Government House has been the port of passage for your servant’s tribute. How can you without grave reason change this state of things and grant it to a neighbouring country, contrary to the original definitive en- feoffment of this territory?” The Imperial Envoy Kasone and his colleagues were accordingly unable to make the grant 1 According to the “ Tsukushi Fudoki,” the tomb of Ihawi was, at the time of writing, to be seen two ri to the south of Kami-tsuma no agata’ “The height of the mound was seven rods (of ten feet, no doubt measured along the slope), and its circuit six rods (something wrong here). The ground belonging to the tomb was sixty rods from north to south, and forty from east to west. (This looks like a double mound) On all four sides there are sixty stone men, with stone shields, arrayed against each other in order of battle. At the north-east corner there is a separate plot of ground, called the kitchen. In this there is one stone man, in a standing position, who is called ‘the carver,’ and in front of him a naked figure prostrate on the ground, called ‘the thief’ On the side there are four stone pigs, called ‘the plunder.’ In that place, moreover, there are three stone horses, three stone halls, and two stone warehouses. The oldest inhabitants say that Ihawi had this place constructed in his lifetime.”
Some of these remains are still in existence, and I rather think that it is. one of the stone figures which is now in the Uyeno Museum at Tokio.
2 Miyake.
3 Kishi was originally a Corean rank; Okina means old man.
VOL. II. Cc Valle os XVII. 22.
18 NIHONGI.
openly. They retired to Ohoshima and sent a clerk specially, by whom the grant to Pu-yé' was effected. Owing to this, Kara allied itself to Silla’ and bred hatred against Japan. The King of Kara married the King of Silla’s daughter, who eventually had issue by him. When Silla first sent a daughter, 100 men were sent away-with her as her escort. When they were received, they were dispersed throughout the districts of the country, and allowed to wear the Silla costume. But Arasateung* railed at their strange* garments and_ sent messengers to return them secretly. Silla felt greatly insulted. He changed his mind and tried to get his daughter back, saying:—‘‘ Formerly, when I received thy marriage proposals, I sanctioned the alliance. But since matters are now so, I request that the Princess may be restored to me.” Kwi-pu-ri Chika’ of Kara [unclear] answered and said:—‘‘ How can husband and wife be sundered again when they have once become united? Moreover there are children. What will become of them if they are abandoned?” In the end it came to pass that (Silla) captured the three castles of To-ka, Ko-phi, and Phona mura.’ He also took five castles on the northern frontier.
In this month Afumi no Kena no Omi was sent to Ara® to urge Silla, in the Emperor’s name, to re-establish Southern 1 Puy6é or Fuyu is an ancient name of Pékché. It is properly the name of a region north of Corea whence the Pékché royal family derived their origin. Southern Puy6 was adopted as the official name of Pékché in A.D. 538, according to the “ Tongkam,” V. 14.
? The “Tongkam” (A.D. 522) speaks of Silla giving a lady of royal blood (though not the king’s daughter) in marriage to Kaya. The two kings had a friendly meeting in 527.
3 A note to the “Shukai” says that Arishito (or Arasateung, according to the Corean pronunciation of the characters) was the King of Kara. No doubt some high official is intended. See Vol. I. p. 166.
4 Silla, according to the “ Tongkam,” first regulated official costume, no doubt on the Chinese model, in A.D. 520. It was apparently these garments that excited the reprobation of Kara.
’ Mura is apparently the same as the Japanese word mura, village. There is a Corean word muri, assemblage, which seems to be the same root. An old Chinese author says that the Silla word for castle or city is kien-mu-la. Kien, I imagine, is kheun, great, and mulais for mura. See below, XVII. 24.
6 One of the ten provinces of Imna, says the “ Shukai” editor.
-KEIDAI. } 19 Kara’ and Tok-sa-than. Pekché sent the Lord-General Yun-kwi Ma-na, Kap-pe Ma-ro and others to Ara respectfully to hear the Emperor’s-decree. Silla, fearing lest the Govern- ment which he had established in the frontier provinces should be destroyed, did not senda grandee. He only sent Pu-chi- na-ma-nyé and Hyé-na-ma-nyé to Ara respectfully to listen to the Imperial decree. Hereupon Ara built ‘a new High-Hall, into which the Imperial Ambassador was led up, the ruler of the country ascending the staircase behind him. One or two of the local grandees had already ascended the Hall, but the Pékché envoys, the Lord-General, and the others remained below. The consultations were repeated for many months? in the Hall above, until the Lord-General and the others grew angry at having to remain in the Courtyard.
Summer, 4th month, 7th day. Kwi-neung-ma-ta* Kanki, King of Imna,* came to Court. [Kwi-neung-ma-ta was doubt- less the Arasiteung.]| He addressed Kanamura, Ohotomo no Ohomuraji, saying:—‘‘ The several frontier provinces beyond the sea, ever since the time of the Emperor in the womb, have had Interior Government Houses placed in them. My land has not been abandoned, but the territory has been enfeoffed to me, not without good reason. But now Silla, in defiance of this original definitive enfeoffment, has frequently crossed the borders and invaded us. I pray, therefore, that thou wilt represent this to the Emperor, so that he may come to the assistance of his servant’s country.’ The Ohomuraji, Ohotomo, in accordance with his request, laid the matter before.
the Emperor.
In this month an envoy was sent to escort Kwi-neung-ma-ta Kanki, and at the same time to convey to Afumi no Kena no ‘Omi, who was resident in Imna, the instructions of the Emperor to investigate thoroughly the matter represented to him, and in a friendly way to dissipate their mutual suspicions. Hereupon Kena no Omi lodged at Kumanare’ [one book 3 The traditional Kana is Konomatta.
4 The “Shukai” has a note that Imnais Kara. The name given here is not that of the King of Kara at this time. He may have been only a prince.
CZ XVIL. 23.
XVII. 24.
XVII. 25.
20 NIHONGI.
says he lodged at Kusi-mura in Imna], whither he summoned together the kings of the two countries, Silla and Pekché. Cha-ri-chi,' King of Silla, sent Ku-chi-pu-nyé? [one book says. Ku-nyé-ni-saé-chi and (?) U-na-sii-ma-ri], and Pekché the Eunsol* Mi-teung-ni, to proceed to meet together at the place where Kena no Omi was. But the two kings did not attend in person. Kena no Omi was much incensed, and called the two envoys to an account for it, saying:—‘“‘ It is the law of Heaven that the Small should wait upon the Great. [One book says:—‘To the end of a great tree, you join a great tree; to the end of a small tree, you join a small tree.’| Why do the kings of the two countries send envoys in this disrespectful way instead of coming in person to the meeting and receiving the Emperor’s commands? But now, even if your kings came themselves to hear the Imperial com- mands, I would not consent to deliver them, but would surely drive them away.’ Ku-chi-pu-nyé and the Eunsol Mi-teung- ni, with dread in their hearts, returned each to his own country to call his king. Accordingly, Silla sent another envoy, the Chief Minister, I-cheul-pu-nyé-chi Kanki, with a following of three thousand men, to come and ask leave to hear the Imperial commands. Kena no Omi, seeing from afar that he was being encompassed by several thousand armed men, left Kumanare. and entered the castle of Kwi-cheul-kwi-ri* in Imna._ I-cheul- pu-nyé-chi Kanki took up his lodging on the plain of Tatara, and, not daring to go back, waited for three months, requesting leave repeatedly to hear the Imperial message. But to the last its communication was not vouchsafed him. Some men under I-cheul-pu-nyé-chi’s command were begging for food in the villages when they passed Mikari, Kahachi Mumakahi no. Obito, a retainer of Kena no Omi. Mikari went in and hid behind somebody’s gate, and, waiting till the beggars were passing, clenched his fists and struck at them from afar. The beggars, seeing this, said:—‘‘ We have waited patiently for 1 The “ Tongkam ” calls the King of Silla at this time Pép-hung. This is. the posthumous name.. His name in life was Won-chong. Neither agrees with the name given here.
* Ku-chi-pu-nyé. The Japanese panmeneuaien is Kuchi-fure.
3 The Eunchol were the third class of Pékché dignitaries.
4 Koshikori is the traditional Kana pronunciation.
KEIDAI. 21 three months in hopes of hearing the Emperor’s will: But you still refuse to communicate it, and harass the envoys who have been sent to listen to the Imperial message. Hence, we see that your object is to befool and put to death the Chief Minister.” So they reported to the Chief Minister all that they had seen, and he thereupon seized four villages, Keum- kwan,' Hé-mu, A-ta, and Wi-tha [one book says Tatara, Sunara, A-ta, and Pi-chi were the four villages!, took possession of all the people and their goods, and withdrew to his own country. Some said that it was the fault of Kena no Omi that these four villages, Tatara and the rest, were plundered.
Autumn, gth month. The Oho-omi, Kose no Obito, died.
24th year, Spring, 2nd month, 1stday. The Emperor made an edict, saying:—‘‘ From the Emperor Ihare-hiko* until King Mimaki,’ all (the sovereigns) put their trust in learned Ministers and enlightened assistants. Therefore Michi’ no Omi propounded the policy, and divine Japan” flourished. Ohohiko enounced plans, and Inihe® was exalted. Among those Princes of succeeding generations who were successful in re- establishing what had fallen into decay, what one has there ever been who did not rely upon wise counsels? Now, coming down to the time when the Emperor Wohatsuse ruled the Empire, auspiciously receiving it over from the previous sages, there was long peace and prosperity, during which morals became gradually deteriorated, and there was no awakening, while the Government became gradually steeped in decay, and there was no reform. But he looked out for (proper) men, and each had advancement after his kind. Ifa man had great capacity, his shortcomings were not inquired into; if he had high abilities, his failures were not found fault with. It was for this reason that this Emperor was enabled to serve the ancestral shrines, and not to endanger the Temples of the Land and of Grain. Judging from this, could he have been wanting in enlightened assistants?
' The present Keumhé, then capital of Kara. = Jimmu Tenno.
® Sujin Tennd. There seems no particular reason why one should be called a King =E, and the other an Emperor We.
> Or Yamato.
$ i.e. Sujin Tenn, says the “ Tsu-sho” commentary.
XVII. 26.
XVII. 27.
22 NIHONGI.
During the twenty-four years which have elapsed since we took over the Imperial office, the Empire has enjoyed prosperity, and there have been no anxieties at home or abroad. The veins of the earth have been fertile and the crops have reached maturity. Our secret fear is that the masses may in conse- quence of this acquire a habit, and that depending on it they may become proud. Therefore let men be made to practise honest thrift, and let the Great Morality be inculcated, so that a mighty progress may be diffused abroad. From of old it has been hard to appoint the right men to office. Now that this duty has devolved upon Ourselves, ought we not to be watchful? ” Autumn, gth month. An envoy from Imna made represen- tation to the Emperor, saying:—‘‘ It is now two years since Kena no Omi proceeded to Kusamura, where he built a house and took up his residence.
The statement in one book that it was three years: includes the year of going and coming.
But he is remiss in the discharge of his Governmental duties. Now there are frequent disputes between’ the people of Japan and the people of Imna respecting children,’ which are difficult to settle. None of these has ever been decided. Kena no Omi is fond of setting (the caldrons for) the ordeal by boiling water, and saying:—‘ Those who are in the right will not be scalded: those who are false will certainly be scalded.’ Owing to this many persons have been scalded to death by plunging into the hot water. Moreover he has put to death Natari and Sapuri, Corean children of Kibi.
The children born of Japanese marriages with barbarian women were accounted Kara-ko.
He constantly harasses the people, and there is never any amicable solution of difficulties.” Hereupon the Emperor, hearing of this conduct, sent a man to recall him. But he would not come. He took the trouble, however, to send Mikari, Kahachi no Mtma-kahi no Obito up to the capital with a message for the Emperor, saying:—“‘ If thy servant returned. to the capital before carrying out the Imperial instructions, his. toil of travel would come to nothing. How should he get over ' The progeny of mixed unions. > i.e. Corean or Kara children.
os ~~ KEIDAI. 23 his mortification? He humbly beseeches Your Majesty to await the execution of the national instructions. He will then proceed to Court and confess his faults.” After sending off this messenger, he further took counsel with himself, saying:— “That Mitsugi' no Kishi is also an Imperial envoy. If he arrives back before me, and represents my offences to the Emperor as they really are, they will certainly be aggravated.” So he sent Mitsugi no Kishi at the head of a force to guard the Castle of Isichi mura.. Hereupon the Arisiteung, seeing that a trivial matter was being made of great importance, would not apply himself to what was expected of him, but repeatedly urged his * returning to Court. But he persisted in his refusal to let him return. By this all his conduct was understood, and in their hearts a spirit of revolt was begotten. So he*sent XVII. 28. Kunyésakwimo to Silla to ask for troops, and Nosukuri to Pékché to ask for troops. Kena no Omi, hearing of the arrival of the Peékche forces, went out against them and attacked Pé-phyéng. Pé-phyong is the name of a place—also called Ung-pi-kwi-pu- ri.’] Half were killed or wounded. Pékché accordingly seized Nosukuri, punished him with handcuffs, and put him in the cangue and chains. Then, along with Silla they laid siege to the castle, and demanded of the Arisateung with imprecations that Kena no Omi should be produced. But Kena no Omi clung to his castle and made a vigorous defence. His strength was such that he could not be taken prisoner. Upon this the two countries measured out a suitable piece of ground, where they settled down for a month and built a castle. They then retired. This castle was called Kunyé mura. On their way home they captured the five fortified places of Teung-ni-ki-— mura, Puna-mura, Mu-cha-ki-mura, A-pu-ra-mura, and Ku-chi- pha-ta-ki.° Winter, roth month. Mitsugi no Kishi arrived from Imna 1 Mitsugi means tribute or taxes. Kishi is a title, originally Corean.
? Mitsugi no Kishi’s. > The Arisdteung.
+ Perhaps the last three syllables are meant for the Corean word Ko-eul, a district, the Japanese kéri. The first syllable Ung means bear.
5 These names are written with Chinese characters, used phonetically in a way which conveys the idea that the author of the ‘‘ Nihongi” considered them to be Corean words. But mura is unmistakably the Japanese word for village, and the names too are probably Japanese, viz. Toriki-mura, Funa-mura, Mushiki-mura, Abura-mura, and Kuchihataki.
XVII. 29.
24 NIHONGI.
and informed the Emperor of Kena no Omi’s arrogant and perverse disposition. ‘‘ He was’ inexperienced (he said) in the administration of government, and never brought about amicable solutions. He disturbed Kara. Moreover he followed his own impulses in a high-handed manner, while he at the same time put up with evils and did not prevent them.” Therefore Medzurako was sent to recall him.
In this year, Kena no Omi, having received the summons, proceeded as far as Tsushima, where he fell ill, and died. His funeral followed up the course of. the river,’ and so entered Afumi.
His wife made a song, saying:— To Hirakata With the music of flutes he goes up— The youth of Kena Of Afumi, With the music of flutes goes up.?
When Medzurako first arrived in Imna his ° people who remained in that country sent a song, saying: — The land of Kara, How should it be called so? Medzurako has come!
By the crossing of Iki— Opposite and afar, Medzurako has come! 4 25th year, Spring, id month. The Emperor took very ill. 7th day. The Emperor died in the Tamaho Palace at Ihare, at the age of 82.° 1 The Uji River.
* Hirakata is the name of a place in the province of Afumi or Omi. The word Wakugo, youth, has here a suffix z, which is now wholly obsolete. It is found, however, occasionally in the “ Manyoshiu,” and may be identical with the Corean suffix z, a sort of definite article.
Funerals were accompanied by the music of Het as appears from other ancient notices.
3 i.e. Kena no Omis.
+ Kara means ‘‘acrid, cruel, hard,” as well asthe country. In Medzurako there is an allusion to the adjective Medzurashiki, “strange, rare.” The song expresses the satisfaction of the people of Kena no Omi’s household in having Medzurako set over them instead of their own master.
> The “ Kojiki” has forty-three, no doubt wrongly.
OOO ea a aalllllil KEIDAI. 25 Winter, 12th month, 5th day. He was buried in the misasagi on the Awi plain.’
A certain book says:—‘‘ The Emperor died in the 28th year of his reign, namely the year Kinoye Tora. The state- ment in the text that he died in the 25th year of his reign, viz. the year Kanoto I, is taken from a passage in the ‘Original Record’ of Pékché. This passage runs as follows: ‘In the year Kanoto I of the Cycle, the 3rd month, an army advanced to Ara and constructed the fortified place of Kwi-tok. In this month Koryé slew their king An. It is said, moreover, that the Emperor of Japan with the Prince Imperial died at the same time and were buried.’ This was the authority on which the state- ment was made. The year Kanoto I corresponds to the 25th year of the reign. Later inquirers may ascertain which is correct.”?
‘ In Settsu. This misasagi is visible from the railway, on the left as one goes from Osaka to Kioto.
> The uncertainty about this date shows how imperfect the chronological xecords must have been even at this late period.
There is this difficulty about making Keidai die in the 28th year of his reign. He was then 82, and his son died the following year, aged 70, which would make him born when his father was only 13. One chronological work suggests that there was an interregnum. But this is contrary to the positive statement in the “ Nihongi.”
XVIII. 2.
BOOK XVIII.
THE EMPEROR MAGARI NO OHOYE (OR OHINE) HIRO-KUNI OSHI-TAKE KANAHI.’
(ANKAN? TENNO.)
THE Emperor Magari no Ohoye Hiro-kuni Oshi-take was the eldest child of the Emperor Wohodo. His mother’s name was Menoko-hime. As to the Emperor’s character, the walls were lofty, so that one could not peep in.* He was brave and generous, and had the capacity of a ruler of men.
In the 25th year of his reign, Spring, the 2nd month, the 7th day, the Emperor Wohodo established Ohoye as Emperor, and on the same day he died.* In this month Ohotomo no Kanamura no Ohomuraji and Mononobe no Arakahi no Ohomuraji were made Ohomuraji, both being continued in their previous offices.
Ist year, Spring, ist month. The capital was removed to. Magari no Kanahashi, in the province of Yamato, by which name the palace ® was called.
3rd month, 6th day. On behalf of the Emperor, functionaries took wedding presents to the Imperial Princess Kasuga no. Yamada, daughter of the Emperor Ohoke,® and made her Empress’ [otherwise called the Imperial Princess Yamada no.
' Magari is the name of a place. Ohoye or Ohine means the elder of a family. The rest is literally “ wide-country-push-valiant-metal-sun.”
’ An allusion to a passage in the “Analects of Confucius.” See Legge’s edition, p. 211. The meaning is that he was of a reserved disposition, and not easy to understand and appreciate.
* The 25th year of Keidai’s reign is A.D. 531. Ankan succeeds him at once, yet his Ist year is A.D. 534. See above, p. 25.
> i.e. the Kanahashi Palace. 6 Ninken Tenn, 7 This was only a formal installation. The real marriage took place in the 7th year of Keidai’s reign.
ANKAN. ao Akami]. There were, besides, three consorts appointed, viz., Satehime, daughter of Kose no Wobito no Oho-omi, Sate- hime’s younger sister, Kagarihime, and: Yakahime, daughter of Mononobe no Itahi no Ohomuraji.
Summer, 4th month, rst day. The High Steward, Oho- maro Kashihade no Omi,’ by command of the Emperor, sent a messenger to Ishimi’ to get pearls. The Kuni no Miyakko of Ishimi delayed coming to the capital, and the time passed without their delivering them. Ohomaro Kashihade no Omi was greatly incensed, and, having seized and bound the Kuni no Miyakko, interrogated them as to the reason. Wakugo no Atahe and the other Kuni no Miyakko were afraid, and ran away, and concealed themselves in an inner chamber of the hinder-palace.* The Empress Kasuga, unaware that they had come straight in,* was startled, and fell down deeply ashamed. Wakugo no Atahe and the others, being already convicted of the crime of intrusion, and having become liable to severe punishment, humbly offered the Empress the Miyake’ of Ishimi to be her absolute property, praying her to accept it by way of atonement for their offence of intrusion. A settlement was therefore made of the Miyake of Ishimi. It was now divided and made into districts, which were attached to the province of Kadzusa.
1 Kashihade no Omi means “steward minister,” so that here the name and the office coincided, as they frequently did at this time.
> In Kadzusa.
* Without warning or introduction.
®> The Miyake are frequently mentioned below. The word is defined in Yamada’s Dictionary as follows;—‘‘ Mi means august; yake, house.. The Miyake were granaries, in which was stored the rice which the peasants were made to cultivate on lands belonging to the government in the various provinces. The term was also applied to the government buildings belong- ing to them.”
This word is written in two ways in Chinese. One rendering means store-house or granary, the other government house. The Miyake has two aspects corresponding to this distinction. They were primarily granaries to which were attached cultivated lands and serfs, and they were also local centres of government. But the present and other passages show that they were frequently private property. The Japanese Residency in Imna is called a Miyake, and even the kingdoms of Pékché and Silla are so termed. The Miyake are evidently the older Be somewhat modified. Cf. Vol. I. p. 214.
XVIII. 3.
VEL. 4.
28 NIHONGI.
sth month. Pékché sent the Ha-pu Syu-ték, Tyok Tok-son, and the Syang-pu' To-t6k, Kwi Chyukwiru, to come and render the Imperial tribute, and separately to present a memorial.
Autumn, 7th month, 1st day. The Emperor made a decree, saying:—‘‘ The Empress, it is true, is of one body with the Emperor, but their designations, one being outer and the other inner, are quite distinct. Moreover let there be assigned a tract of Miyake land from (the revenues of) which to erect a Pepper’ Court, so that after generations may hand down its memory.” Imperial Commissioners were accordingly appointed to select good rice-land. The Imperial Com- missioners, having received this charge, addressed Ajihari [otherwise called Satohi], Ohoshi Kahachi no Atahe, saying:— ‘* Thou shouldst now offer to the Emperor the fat rice-land of Kiji.” Ajihari conceived a sudden grudging, and deceived the Imperial Commissioners, saying:—‘‘ This rice-land is subject to drought, and hard to irrigate. The surface water percolates readily, so that the expenditure of labour would be enormous, and the harvest very small.” The Imperial Com- missioners, in accordance with these words, made their report to the Emperor without reserve.
Winter, roth month, r5th day. The Emperor commanded Kanamura, Ohotomo no Ohomuraji, saying:—‘‘ Although we have taken to us four wives there has been up till now no heir. When ten thousand years have passed,’ Our name will be extinct. What dost thou propose should now be done, Our uncle * of Oho- tomo? Whenever we think ofthis, Our anxiety knows no rest.”
Kanamura, Ohotomo no Muraji, addressed the Emperor, saying:—‘‘ This is also a subject of anxiety to thy servant. It is necessary that all the sovereigns of this country who rule the Empire, whether they have heirs or not, should have something ' Officialranks. Ha-puand Syang-pu mean respectively Lower and Upper Division.
2 “The private apartments of the Empress, so called because (1) an Empress of the Han had the walls of her palace smeared with pepper in order to generate warmth, or (2) because she always had a supply of pepper flowers about her, hoping to be fruitful like them.”—-Giles.
3 i.e. when I am dead.
4 Uncle, like cousin or brother in the mouths of European sovereigns, is only a term of friendly greeting.
ANKAN. 29 by which they should have a name. I pray, therefore, that on behalf of the Empress and thy other consorts Miyake lands may be established, and made to remain unto future genera- tions, so that relics of the past may be manifested.”
The Emperor commanded, saying:—“‘ Be it so; let them be speedily established.” Kanamura, Ohotomo no Ohomuraji, recommended to the Emperor that the Miyake of Oharida with serfs ' from every province should be granted to Satehime, that the Miyake of Sakurawi [one book says, “ And in addition the Miyake of Chinuyama”] with serfs from every province should be granted to Kagarihime, and that the Miyake of Naniha with spade-labourers from every district should be granted to Yakahime as an indication to posterity, and an example by which to view the past. The Emperor com- manded, saying:—‘*‘ Let it be done as proposed.”
Intercalary 12th month, 4th day. The Emperor made a progress to Mishima. Kanamura, Ohotomo no Ohomuraji, was in attendance.
The Emperor, through Ohotomo no Ohomuraji, made in- quiry as to good rice-land of the Agata-nushi? Ihi-bo. The Agata-nushi Ihi-bo was delighted beyond measure, and with the utmost reverence and loyalty offered as a present Upper Mino and Lower Mino, Upper Kuhabara and Lower Kuha- bara, as well as land in Takefu, 40 cho in all. Ohotomo no Ohomuraji, by command of the Emperor, addressed him,’ saying:—‘‘ Of the entire surface of the soil, there is no part which is not a Royal grant in fee; under the wide Heavens there is no place which is not royal territory. The previous Emperors therefore * established an illustrious designation and handed down a vast fame: in magnanimity they were a match with Heaven and Earth: in glory they resembled the sun and moon. They rodeafar and dispensed their mollifying influence to a distance; in breadth it extended beyond the bounds of the capital and cast a bright reflection throughout the boundaries of the land, pervading everywhere without a limit. Above they 4 From this point to the end of the paragraph is taken from the monu- ment of a personage named YJ He’ =E, of the Liang Dynasty of China.
XVIII. 5.
NOVELL: <6.
30 NIHONGI.
were the crown of the nine heavens: they passed abroad through all the eight points of the compass: they declared their efficiency by the framing of ceremonial observances: they instituted music,’ thereby manifesting order. The resulting happiness was truly complete: there was gladness which tallied with that of past years.’