On this day, Nukamushi, Toneri no Miyakko, and Chitoko, Fumi no Atahe, were granted the title of Muraji.
r1th year, Spring, rst month, gth day. Nukamushi,’ Toneri no Miyakko, of Daisen rank, was given the rank of Lower Shokin.
t1th day. Kim Chhyung-phyéng was entertained in Tsukushi.
18th day. The Lady Higami’ died within the Palace.
toth day. There was an earthquake.
27th day. The Lady Higami was buried at Akaho.
2nd month, 12th day. Kim Chhyung-phyéng returned to his own country.
In this month, Nukamushi, Toneri no Miyakko, of Lower Shokin rank, died. In view of his services in the year Midzu- noye Saru, he received the posthumous rank of Upper Daikin.
3rd month, 1st day. Prince Mino, of Shishi rank, the Daibu of the Household Department and others were sent to Nihiki? to examine the conformation of the ground. It was accordingly resolved to have the capital there.
and day. Twenty-two Yemishi of the province of Michinoku were granted dignities.
+th day. There was an earthquake.
13th day. By command of the Emperor, Ihashiki, Sakahibe no Muraji, invented afresh new characters—one book in forty- four volumes.’* 16th day. The Emperor visited Nihiki.
28th day. The Emperor issued a decree forbidding hence- forward all from the Princes of the Blood down to the public functionaries to wear caps of rank, aprons, lined garments,’ and 1 A curious personal name. It means bran-maggot. Many of the personal names are by no means complimentary, e.g. Saru, or monkey; Kara-inu, or Corean dog; Shikowo, or ugly man. ‘These are obviously what we should call nicknames.
2 One of the Emperor’s consorts.
3 Nihiki means new castle.
4 The“ Shiki” says that this book was still preserved in the Imperial Library, and that the letters were very like Sanskrit characters. If this was an attempt to introduce an alphabetic script into Japan, nothing came of it. For information respecting ancient forms of writing in Japan, Hirata’s “ Hifumiden ” may be consulted.: 5 The interlinear Kana has hira obi, i.e. broad girdles. Habaki are leggings.
TEMMU. 355 habaki, and also forbidding the stewards and Uneme of the Palace to wear shoulder-straps or scarfs.’
On this day, a decree was addressed to all from the Princes of the Blood down to the Ministers who had been granted sustenance-fiefs, discontinuing all such fiefs, and directing that they should be returned to the State.
In this month, Mate, Hase no Muraji, died.2 For his services in the year Midzunoye Saru he was granted the posthumous rank of Upper Daikin.
Summer, 4th month, 9th day. Worship was paid to the Deities of Hirose and Tatsuta.
21st day. Shima, Tajihi no Mabito, Viceroy of Tsukushi, and others, sent tribute of a large bell., 22nd day. Itaka, Kina, and others, Yemishi of Koshi, requested 7000 families of captives, in order to constitute a district. Their request was granted.’
23rd day. The Emperor made a decree, saying:—‘‘ Hence- forth all persons whatsoever, men or women, must tie up their hair. This is to be completed not later than the 30th day of the 12th month. But for the date of tying up the hair, let a further Imperial notification, be awaited.” It was from this time that the practice began of women riding on horseback like men.* 5th month, r2th day. The Yamato no Aya no Atahe were granted the title of Muraji.
16th day. The Chief Envoy to Koryé, Hirotari, Saheki no Muraji, and the Junior Envoy, Maro, Woharida no Omi, reported to the Palace the results of their mission. © 27th day. The Yamato no Aya'tio Atahe, male and female, all presented themselves. They were rejoiced at the grant of a title, and paid their respects to the Emperor.
6th month, Ist day. The King of Kory6 sent Cho Yu-kwé, Nu ' Hire. Something like a mantilla, worn on the head.
* In the older editions a long passage comes in here which belongs properly to the fourteenth year of-the reign.
3 There is frequent mention of these “ captives” in connection with Aino affairs. It is not clear who they were. A Japanese authority states that they were subjects of the Crown who were captured and enslaved by the savages.
4 That is to say,. astride.
SOC aes XXIX. 38 356 NIHONGI.: Mo-chiél and Té-ko-myo-ka, of the Lower Division, with tribute of the products of the country. Accordingly, Silla'sent Kim Syik- kwi, of Té-nama rank, to escort the Koryé Envoys to Tsukushi.
6th day. Men and women began to tie up their hair. They accordingly wore caps of varnished gauze.’
rath day. Prince Yeguri, of the 5th rank, died.
Autumn, 7th month, 3rd day. Hayato came in numbers with tribute of the productions of their country. On this day, the Hayato of Ohosumi and the Hayato of Ata* wrestled in the Court. The Ohosumi Hayato had the victory.
gth day. Maro, Kashihade no Omi, of middle Shékin rank, took ill. His Highness* the Imperial Prince Kusakabe and the Imperial Prince Takechi were sent to make kind inquiry as to his illness.
t1th day. Worship was paid to the Deities of Hirose and Tatsuta.
t7th day. There was an earthquake.
18th day. Maro, Kashihade no Omi, died. The Emperor was shocked, and lamented greatly.
2st day. For his services in the year Midzunoye aan, Maro no Omi‘ was granted the posthumous rank of Daishi and presents were given. The Empress-consort also bestowed gifts, which moreover were similar to those granted by the government.
25th day. Presents of various values were given to men ot Tane,*® of Yaku and of Amami.’
27th day. The Hayato were entertained west of the Asuka Temple. Music of various kinds was performed, and presents given them varying in value inthe case ofeach. The Buddhist priests and laity all came to look on.
On this day it was reported from the provinces both of Shinano and Kibi that hoar-frost had fallen, moreover that owing to storms the five grains had not formed.
1 Gauze hats were in use.in China under the Tang and Ming dynasties. They are said to have been first worn by Wu Ti, of the Liang dynasty. Probably the statement in the text applies only to men and to officials.
2 A district of Satsuma. _ 3 Mikoto.
4 He was properly Maro, Kashihade no Omi. But the personal name is sometimes joined to the title in this way.
® Or Tanegashima. © All these are islands off the south coast of Kiushiu.
TEMMU. 357 8th month, 1st day. All from the Princes of the Blood down to the Ministers were each' made to bring forward matters suitable for framing regulations.
3rd day. The Koryé guests were entertained in Tsukushi.
On this evening at twilight a great star passed from the East to the West.”
5th day. Laws were drawn up. There was a great rain- bow within the Palace.
t1th day. A thing appeared in shape like a Buddhist bap- tismal flag, and of a flame colour. It floated through the void towards the north and was seen by all the provinces. Some said that it sank into the Sea of Koshi. On this day a white vapour arose on the Eastern Mountain, four fathoms in size.
12th day. There was a great earthquake.
—th* day. The Viceroy of Tsukushi reported that there was a sparrow with three legs.
t7th day. There was another earthquake. On this day there was a rainbow at dawn right in the middle of the sky and opposite to the sun.
22nd day. The Emperor issued an edict (prescribing) the character of ceremonies and * language.
He decreed further, saying:—‘‘ Let the lineage and char- acter of all candidates for office be always inquired into before a selection is made. None whose lineage is insufficient are eligible for appointment, even although their character, conduct and capacity may be unexceptionable.”
28th day. Onaccount of the illness of the Imperial Princess Hidaka * [otherwise called the Imperial Princess Nihiya], an Imperial command was given for the pardon of 190 persons of both sexes who were guilty of capital or lesser crimes.
29th day. More than 140 persons renounced the world in the Great Temple of the Great Palace.
gth month, 2nd day. By Imperial command ceremonial kneeling and crawling were both abolished from this time for- 1 Referring probably to the division of labour mentioned above, XXIX. 30.
2 A falling star is no doubt meant. The “Tsusho” editor talks of the planet Venus, which cannot be right.
3 The date given here by the cyclical characters is an impossible one.
4 Or of the language to be used on occasions of ceremony.
5 Afterwards Gensho Tenno, XXIX. 39.
XXIX. 40.
358 NIHONGI.
ward, and the ceremonial custom of standing of the Naniha Court’ was again practised.
t1th day. At mid-day, several hundreds of cranes appeared in the quarter of the Great Palace, and soared aloft in the void. After two hours they all dispersed. — Winter, roth month, 8th day. A great revel was held.
11th month, 16th day. The Emperor made a decree, say- ing:—‘‘ Hear this, all ye Princes of the Blood, Princes and Ministers, as well as ye common people! In regard to trials for offences against the law, whether within the Palace or in the Court, let examination be made at the place where the offence has been committed as soon as seen or heard of, and let there be no concealment. In the case of grave crimes, let those which should be referred to a superior be so referred, and when arrest is proper let the offender be seized. If any resist and are not arrested, raise the soldiers of the place and arrest them. To those judged deserving of flogging there may be administered not more than a hundred blows, to be determined according to a scale. Moreover, when the facts of a crime are undeniable and the accused falsely states that he is innocent, and does not admit the justice of the charge, but disputes with the prosecutor, let his original offence be superadded to this.”
12th month, 3rd day. A decree was issued as follows:— ‘* Let the people of every House * each determine who shall be the Senior member of the House, and make report accordingly. Moreover, in cases where there are numerous members of the same House, let them divide and each part determine who shall be its own Senior member, all reporting at the same time to the proper officials, who shall thereupon weigh the facts and deal with the matter. Such official decisions must be accepted. And let no one for trifling reasons hastily include in his House persons who do not belong to it.” * 12th year, Spring, ist month, 2nd day. The functionaries paid their respects at Court.
' Kotoku Tenno. The Annals of the Thang dynasty state that it was the custom in Japan for suitors to advance crawling. Standing was the Thang custom.
2 The Uji or noble families are meant.
% “Such as relations by the mother’s side, or by marriage, or distant relations.”==“ Shikai,” ‘TEMMu. 359 The Viceroy of Tsukushi, Shima, Tajihi no Mabito, and others presented tribute of a three-legged sparrow.
All from the Princes of the Blood down to the Ministers were invited in front of the Great Hall of Audience and a banquet given them. On this occasion the three-legged sparrow was shown to the Ministers.
18th day. The Emperor issued a decree, saying:—‘‘ This is the ordinance of Us, the Emperor Yamato neko, who rule, as a God Incarnate, the great eight regions. Hear it, all ye governors of provinces, Kuni no Miyakko, governors of districts and common people! Ever since We first rose to the vast dignity, there have been auspicious signs from Heaven, not one or two only, but many. Now We learn by tradition that auspicious signs from Heaven come as a response when the principles of administering the Government are in harmony with the laws of Heaven. That they should appear repeatedly every year in this Our reign is, on the one hand, matter for awe, and on the other, matter for rejoic- ing. Therefore the Princes of the Blood, the Princes, with the Ministers and functionaries, as well as the people of the Empire, join with Us in our joy.”. Accordingly presents were made to all from the rank of Shodken upwards, each according to his rank, and all crimes were pardoned from capital offences downwards. Moreover all forced labour was remitted to the common people. - On this day there was a performance in the Court of the Woharida dance and of the music of the three countries of Koryé, Pekché and Silla.
2nd month, 1st day. The Imperial Prince Ohotsu for the first time attended to matters of State.
3rd month, 2nd day. On the occasion of making appoint- ments to the offices of Sdjd, Sddzu, and Risshi,' the Emperor gave command, saying:—‘‘ Let those who have general con- trol over the priests and nuns act according to the law,” etc., etc, 1gth day. The Envoys sent to Tane* returned.
Summer, 4th month, 15th day. The Emperor made a decree, 1 The former two offices were instituted in the reign of Suiko. See above, Vol. I]. 153. The latter, which Hepburn translates ‘‘doctor of laws,” was now created for the first time.
> Tanegashima.
XXIX. 41 XXIX. 42.
360 NIHONGI.
saying:—‘‘ Henceforth copper coins must be used, and not silver coins.”! borne 18th day. A decree was issued, saying:—‘‘ Let the use ot silver be not discontinued.’’ ).
21st day. Worship was paid to the Deities of Hirose and Tatsuta.
6th month, 3rd day. Umakuta, Ohotomo no Muraji, died. The Emperor was much shocked, and sent Prince Hatsuse on a visit of condolence. The Emperor manifested a loving’ recognition of his zeal during the year Midzunoye Saru and of the services of his ancestors at all times, and granted him the posthumous title of Daishi, and burial with beat of.
drum and blowing of horns.’ - 6th day. Prince Takazaka, of the 3rd rank, died. Autumn, 7th month, 4th day. The Emperor went to the house of the Princess Kagami-hime and made kind inquiry as’ to her illness. 5th day. Princess Kagami-hime died. In this summer priests and nuns were for the first time invited to the Palace for a ‘‘ retreat.” Accordingly thirty persons of pure conduct were selected, who renounced the world.
15th day. Prayer was made for rain.
18th day. The Emperor made a tour in the capital.
20th day. Worship was paid to the Deities of Hirose and Tatsuta. | From this month a drought began which lasted till the eighth month. A Buddhist priest of Pekché named Do6zo * prayed for rain and obtained it.
8th month, 5th day. A general amnesty was ordered throughout the Empire.
Wofukehi, Ohotomo no Muraji, died. For his services in the 1 Silver coins are mentioned in the reign of Kenzo Tenno, A.D. 486. But see note to this passage. Vol. I. p. 391. Copper coins were first made in Japan in the reign of Gemmei Tenno, in the first year (A.D. 708) of the period Wado. The coins referred to in the text were therefore probably Chinese or Corean. Their use was exceptional at this period, the ordinary medium of exchange being hempen cloth or other textiles.
2 Officials of the third rank were allowed at their funeral one hearse, forty drums, twenty great horns, forty little horns, 200 flags, one metal gong, and one hand-bell, with lamentation for one day.
’ Probably a priest of the Temple called Kudaradera.
TEMMU. 361 year Midzunoye Saru, he was granted the posthumous rank of Middle Daikin.
gth month, 2nd day. There was a great storm.
23rd day. The title of Muraji was granted to thirty-eight Houses, viz. Yamato no Atahe, Kurikuma no Obito, Motori! no Miyakko, Yatabe no Miyakko, Fujiharabe no Miyakko, Osakabe no Miyakko, Saigusabe no Miyakko, Ofuchi Kahachi no Atahe, Kahachi no Aya no Atahe, Mononobe no Obito, Yamashiro no Atahe, Katsuraki no Atahe, Tonohatori no Miyakko, Kadobe no Atahe, Nishikori no Miyakko, Katsura no Miyakko, Tottori no Miyakko, Kume no Toneri no Miyakko, Hinokuma no Toneri no Miyakko, Ohokoma no Miyakko, Hada no Miyakko, Kahase no Toneri no Miyakko, Yamato no Mumakahi no Miyakko, Kahachi no Mumakahi no Miyakko, RX IRAs, Kibumi no Miyakko, Komotsume no Miyakko, Magari Hako- ~ dzukuri no Miyakko, Isonokamibe no Miyakko, Takara Hi- matsuri no Miyakko, Hasetsukabe no Miyakko, Anahobe no Miyakko, Shiragabe no Miyakko, Oshinomi no Miyakko, Hat- sukase no Miyakko, Fumi no Obito, Wohatsuse no Miyakko, Kudara no Miyakko and Katarahi no Miyakko.
Winter, roth month, 5th day. The title of Muraji was granted to fourteen houses, viz., Miyake no Kishi, Kusakabe no Kishi, Hoki no Miyakko, Fune no Fubito, Iki no Fubito, Sarara no Mumakahi no Miyakko, Uno no Mumakahi no Miyakko, Yoshino no Obito, Ki no Sakabito no Atahe, Uneme no Miyakko, Atogi no Fubito, Takechi no Agatanushi, Shiki no Agatanushi and Kagami-dzukuri no Miyakko.?
13th day. The Emperor went a-hunting to Kurahashi.
11th month, 4th day. An Imperial command was given to all the provinces to engage in military training.
13th day. Silla sent Kim Chu-san, of Sason rank, and Kim Chang-chi, of Té-nama rank, to offer tribute.
12th month, 23rd day. The Emperor sent Prince Ise, of the fifth rank of Princes, Yakuni, Hata no Kimi, of Lower XXIX. 44.
XXIX. 45 Daikin rank, Homuchi, Ohoshi no Omi, of Lower Shokin.
rank, Ohoshima, Nakatomi no Muraji, of Lower Shokin rank, 1 Or Mondori.
2 Previous promotions in rank have been of individuals. In this case the whole Uji (House) was raised at once. This accounts for no personal names being given.
XXIX. 46.
362 NIHONGI.
with Hangwan, clerks, and artizans, to make a tour through the Empire and determine the boundaries of the provinces. They were unable, however, to determine them all this year.
17th day. The Emperor made a decree, saying:—‘“‘ Let all civil and military officials, and all persons of rank’ in the Home provinces, not fail to present themselves at Court in the four first months.” If owing to mortal disease they cannot attend, let the officials whose duty it is to do so prepare a full report and forward it to the judicial authorities.”
He further made a decree, saying:—‘‘ The Capital and Palace should not be in one place only. They must be con- structed in several places. We therefore wish first of all to make the Capital at Naniha. Let the public functionaries therefore each proceed thither, and apply for sites for houses.”
13th year, Spring, ist month, 17th day. The title of Muraji was granted to the two Houses of Mino no Agatanushi and Kurando no Kinunuhi no Miyakko. | 23rd day, The Emperor, taking his place in the Eastern Court with the Ministers in attendance, sent for men skilled in archery, with dwarfs and palace attendants, and made them shoot.
2nd month, 24th day. Kim Chu-san was entertained in Tsukushi.
28th day. The Emperor sent Prince Hirose of Jod-kwo- shi rank,’ and Yasumaro, Ohotomo no Muraji, of Middle Shokin rank, with Hangwan, clerks, professors of the In and Yo, and artizans to the Home provinces, to determine by divination a site suitable for the capital.
On this day Prince Mino, Tsukura, Uneme no Omi, of Lower Shokin rank, and others were sent to Shinano to inspect the conformation of the ground, perhaps with the object of ees a capital there.
3rd month, 8th day. Yumi, Ube no Atahe, a man of Yoshino, sent tribute of a white camellia.
gth day. The Emperor made a visit to the capital, and decided on the site for a palace.
23rd day. Kim Chu-san returned to his own country.
' Possessed of one of the grades of rank mentioned above, p. 281.
? Of each quarter. * This rank was not instituted until later. See below, XXIX. 53.
TEMMU. 363 Summer, 4th month, 5th day. All persons with sentences of not more than lesser banishment were pardoned.
13th day. Worship was paid to the great Abstinence Deity of Hirose and to the Wind-Gods of Tatsuta.
2oth day. Maro, Takamuku no Omi, of Lower Shokin rank, was sent as Chief Envoy to Silla, and Tsuno no Omi, of Lower Shosen rank, as Junior Envoy.
Intercalary 4th month, 5th day. The Emperor made a decree, saying:—‘‘ We have resolved to hold an inspection in the ninth month of next year. We therefore prescribe the » conduct ' and the state® of the public functionaries.”
A further edict was made, as follows:—‘‘ In a government, military matters are the essential thing. All civil and military officials should therefore sedulously practise the use of arms and riding on horseback. Be careful to provide an adequate supply of horses, weapons, and articles of personal costume. Those who have horses shail be made cavalry soldiers, those who have none shall be infantry soldiers. Both shall receive training. Let no obstacle be thrown in the way of their assembling for this purpose. If any person disobeys this edict, if he does not provide a horse and weapons, or if his costume is defective, all such persons, from Princes of the Blood down to Ministers, shall be fined. Those from the rank of Daisen down who deserve to be fined shall be fined: those who deserve flogging shall be flogged. But if by diligent practice they succeed in learning their duties, they shall have their punish- ment diminished by two degrees, even in the case of those guilty of capital crimes. Anyone, however, who purposely offends in reliance on his own cleverness is not included among those eligible for pardon.”
A further edict was made as follows:—“ As to the clothing of both men and women, it is left to the wearers’ option whether they have susotsuki* or not, and also ties‘ or tassels.
' Their place and movements on State occasions.
2 Costume, attendants, etc.
3 A kind of sleeveless jacket with a broad band on the skirt. See illus- tration in “ Sanzaidzuye,” Book XXVIII. p. 4.
* The ties were for holding the flaps of the garment together in front: the tassels were the same, only longer, and allowed to hang down by way of ornament, XXIX. 47.
364 NIHONGI.
But on the occasion of (state) assemblies, those who wear susotsuki should also have tassels. In the case of men, how- ever, those who have yebdshi’ should wear them, and at the same time laced’ trousers. Women of forty years of age or upwards are allowed to tie up their hair or not, and to ride astride or side-saddle, just as they please. A distinction is made in the case of practisers of magic, who are excepted from the rule for tying up the hair.” * 11th day. Prince Mino and his colleagues presented a map ‘of the province of Shinano.
16th day. A vegetarian feast was prepared within the Palace. A pardon was accordingly given to the Toneri who had been guilty of offences. | 24th day. The Buddhist priest Fukuyo of Asukadera was condemned and thrown into prison.
29th day. Fukuyd committed suicide by cutting his throat.
5th month, 14th day. The priests, nuns and laity who had emigrated from Péekché, men and women, altogether twenty- three persons, were all settled in the province of Musashi.
28th day. Nanihamaro, Miwa no Hiketa no Kimi, was sent to Koryé as Chief Envoy, and Hitotari, Kuhabara no Muraji, as Junior Envoy.
6th month, 4th day. Prayer was offered for rain.
Autumn, 7th month, 4th day. The Emperor visited Hirose.
gth day. Worship was paid to the Deities of Hirose and Tatsuta.
23rd day. A comet appeared in the North-west, more than ten feet long..
Winter, roth month, 1st day. The Emperor made a decree, saying:— ‘* The hereditary titles of all the families * are again reformed, 1 A kind of cap. V2de illustration in ‘‘ Sansaidzuye,” XXIX. 5.
2 Gathered in at the bottom with a lace, like Turkish trousers. Now called nubakama.
3 No doubt this exception was prompted by the conservatism associated with religious practices, and of which the use of the fire-drill in Japan at the present day is a striking example.
4 Noble families are of course meant. Here as elsewhere the word I translate title is WE or surname. The Japanese had no proper surnames at this time.
TEMMU. 365 and eight titles of eight classes instituted. By this means the multitudinous titles of the Empire are amalgamated. The first is Mabito,' the second Ason,’ the third Sukune,’* the fourth Imiki,* the fifth Michi no Shi,’ the sixth Omi,’ the seventh Muraji,’ and the eighth Inaki.” * On this day thirteen houses received the title of Mabito, viz. Moriyama no Kimi, Michi no Kimi, Takahashi no Kimi, Mikuni no Kimi, Tahema no Kimi, Ibaraki no Kimi, Tajihi no Kimi, Wina no Kimi, Sakata no Kimi, Hata no Kimi, Okinaga no Kimi, Sakabito no Kimi, and Yamaji no Kimi.
3rdday. Prince Ise and his colleagues were sent to determine the boundaries of the provinces.
On this day, Tasuki, Agata no Inukahi no Muraji, was sent to Tamna as Chief Envoy, and Kane, Kahabara no Muraji, as Junior Envoy.
14thday. Atthe hour of the boar (10 p.m.) there was a great earthquake. Throughout the country men and women shrieked aloud, and knew not East from West. Mountains fell down and rivers gushed forth; the official buildings of the provinces and districts, the barns and houses of the common people, the temples, pagodas and shrines were destroyed in numbers which surpass all estimate. In consequence many of the people and of domestic animals were killed or injured. The hot springs of Iyo were dried up at this time and ceased to flow. In the province of Tosa more than 500,000 shiro of cultivated land were swallowed up and became sea.’ Old men said that never before had there been such an earthquake. On this 1 True man, given chiefly to persons of Imperial lineage.
2 This is written ij fi, and is derived by some from asa, morning, and omi, Minister. I suspect that it is the Corean title [iJ if.
3 No satisfactory explanation of this title is given. It had fallen out of use at this time, and was now revived.
+ This title was specially given to immigrants from Corea, and is said to be for ima-ki or new-comer.
5 Or Doshi, professor. 6 Minister or vassal.
7 The original meaning is village-elder.
8 Usually written with characters which mean rice-castle. They were perhaps originally the keepers of the public granaries.
° The line of the southern coast of Tosa is said to have been materially altered by this earthquake.
X XIX. 49.
XXIX. 50, 366 NIHONGI.
night a rumbling noise like that of drums was heard in the East. Some said that the island of Idzu' had increased of itself on two sides, the north and west, to the extent of more than 300 rods, and that a new island had been formed. The noise like that of drums was the sound made by the gods in constructing this island. } 16th day. Presents were made to the Princes and Ministers.
11th month, 1st day. The title of Ason was gtanted to fifty-two houses,’ viz. Oho-miha no Kimi, Oho-Kasuga no Omi, Abe no Omi, Kose no Omi, Kashihade no Omi, Ki no Omi, Hata no Omi, Mononobe no Muraji, Heguri no Omi, Sazakibe no Omi, Nakatomi no Muraji, Ohoyake no Omi, Ahata no Omi, Ishikaha no Omi, Sakarawi no Omi, Uneme no Omi, Tanaka no Omi, Woharida no Omi, Hodzumi no Omi, Yama- shiro no Omi, Kamo no Kimi, Wono no Omi, Kahahe no Omi, Iwi no Omi, Kakimoto no.Omi, Karobe no Omi, Waka-zakurabe no Omi, Kishida no Omi, Takamuko no Omi, Shishi-bito no Omi, Kume no Omi, Inugami no Kimi, Kamidzukenu no Kimi, Tsunu no Omi, Hoshikaha no Omi, Oho no Omi, Munagata no Kimi, Kuruma-mochi no Kimi, Aya no Kimi, Shimoji no Omi, Iga no Omi, Abe no Omi, Hayashi no Omi, Hami no Omi, Shimodzukenu no Kimi, Sami no Kimi, Chi-mori no Omi, Ohono no Kimi, Saka- moto no Omi, Ikeda no Kimi, Tamate no Omi, and Kasa no Omi.
3rd day. The Governor of the province of Tosa reported that owing to a great tide which rose high, and an overflowing rush of sea-water, many of the ships used for conveying tribute had been sunk and lost.’
21st day. At dusk the seven stars drifted together to ihe North-east and sank.’
23rd day. At sunset a star fell in the quarter of the East as 1 The volcanic island off the entrance to Yedo Bay, known to foreigners as Vries Island.
2 A considerable step. Ason was the 2nd class, Omi the 6th, and Muraji the 7th. 3 A tidal wave is no doubt referred to, perhaps an accompaniment of the earthquake above described.
4 The seven stars are the stars of the Northern Bushel, as the Chinese call Charles’ Wain.
ae a TEMMU. 367 large as ajar.’ At the hour of the dog* the constellations were wholly disordered,’ and stars fell like rain.
During this month there was a star which shot up in the zenith and proceeded along with the Pleiades until the end of the month, when it disappeared.
12th month, 2nd day. The title of Sukune was granted *to fifty houses, viz. Ohotomo no Muraji, Saheki no Muraji, Adzumi no Muraji, Imbe no Muraji, Wohari no Muraji, Kura no Muraji, Nakatomi no Sakabito no Muraji, Hashi no Muraji, Harahibe no Muraji, Sakahibe no Muraji, Sakarawi no Tanabe no Muraji, Ifube no Muraji, Kannaibe no Muraji, Osakabe no Muraji, Kusakabe no Muraji, Miyake no Muraji, Kobe no Muraji, Tasuki no Muraji, Tajihi no Muraji, Yuki no Tajihi no Muraji, Nuribe* no Muraji, Oho-yuye no Muraji, Waka-yuye no Muraji, Yuge no Muraji, Kami Hatori no Muraji, Nukatabe no Muraji, Tsumori no Muraji, Agata no Inukahi no Muraji, Waka-inukahi no Muraji, Tamanoya no Muraji, Nittabe no Muraji, Shidzuwori no Muraji, Hi no Muraji, Ofusama’® no Muraji, Yamabe no Muraji, Yatsume no Muraji, Sawi no Muraji, Tsume-takumi*® no Muraji, Ato no Muraji, Mamuta no Muraji, Tame no Muraji, Chihisakobe no Muraji, Uji no Muraji, Wi-tsukahi no Muraji, Ama no Inukahi no Muraji, Hashibito no Muraji, Usume no Muraji, Mino no Muraji, Moroahi no Omi, and Furu no Muraji.
XXIK cis OPTX.ce.
6th day. Wohi, Hashi no Sukune, and Ho6zen, Shirawi no Fubito, who had gone to the Land of Great Thang for study, and also Kobito Witsukahi no Muraji, and Tokuko, Tsukushi no Miyake no Muraji, who had been carried off to Great Thang during the Pekché campaign, arrived by way of XXIX.53.
Silla. Accordingly Silla sent Kim Mul-yu, of Té-nama rank, to escort Wohi and the others to Tsukushi.
13th day. There was a general pardon to all criminals except those guilty of capital crimes.
1 Described in the “ Yengishiki” as holding two to, the to being a little ex than the fourth part of an Imperial bushel.
%’ A commentator says that this typified the disorder of the titles of the nobility. * Or Urushibe. * Or Wofuama.
XXIX. 54.
368 NIHONGI.
In this year it was notified to the four provinces of Iga, Ise, Mino, and Wohari, that for the future in years of payment of commuted taxes,' forced labour would be remitted, and in years of forced labour, the commuted taxes would be remitted.
The lower district of Katsurakiin Yamato penontae that there was a fowl with four legs.’
Moreover the district of Higami in the province of Tamba reported that there was a calf with twelve horns.
14th year, Spring, ist month, z2ndday. The public function- aries paid their respects at Court.
21st day. The styles of official ranks were reformed, and new grades added. There were two grades of Myo-z (bright- rank) and four grades of /é6-2 (pure-rank), each grade being distinguished into Daz (great) and Aw6 (broad), so as to form twelve grades in all. The above were for persons not below the rank of Princes.
Next there were four grades of S6-2 (true or first rank), four grades of /zkz-2 (straight or direct rank), four grades of Gon-z (diligent-rank), four grades of J7u-c (earnest-rank), four grades of Zsuz-z (following-rank), and four grades of Shzz-z (advancing- rank). Each grade was divided into Daz and Kw0, so that there were in all forty-eight grades. The above were the ranks of high officials.
On this day, His Highness the Imperial Prince Kusakabe was granted the rank of J6-kw6-ichi (pure-broad-first-rank), the Imperial Prince Ohotsu the rank of J6-dai-ni (pure-great- second-rank), the Imperial Prince Takechi the rank of J6-kw6- ni, the Imperial Prince Kahashima and the Imperial Prince Osakabe the rank of Jo-dai-san. The Princes of inferior rank and the high officials received steps in rank varying in each case., 2nd month, 4th day. Degrees of rank were Senien to men of Great Thang, of Pékché, and of Koryé, 147 persons in all.
3rd month, 14th day. Kim Mul-yu was entertained in Tsukushi, and straightway took his departure from there.
* Not the land-tax of rice, but cloth and other things paid in lieu of service, etc.
2 “Such monstrosities denoted that the Sovereign and his Ministers pay attention to the sayings of nuns and old women and show them excessive kindness,” —“ Shikai.”
TEMMU. 369 Accordingly seven men of Silla who had been cast away on our coast were delivered to Mul-yu and sent back.
16th day. Shitanu, Kose no Ason, of Jiki-dai-san rank, the Mayor of the capital, died. — 27th day. Orders were sent to all the provinces that in every house a Buddhist shrine should be provided, and an image of Buddha with Buddhist scriptures placed there. Worship was to be paid and offerings of food made at these shrines."
In this month there was a rain of ashes in the province of Shinano. The herbs and trees all withered up.’
Summer, 4th month, 4th day. The Governor of the province of Kii reported that the hot springs of Muro had dried up | and ceased to flow.
12th day. Worship was paid to the Deities of Hirose and Tatsuta., 17th day. Kim Chu-san of Silla took his departure.
25th day. Priests and nuns were for the first time invited to come to the Palace for a “ retreat.” * 5th month, 5th day. There was archery at the South Gate.