Summer, 4th month, roth day. The Viceroy of Tsukushi presented priests, nuns and common people, men and women, twenty-two persons, immigrants from Silla. They were settled in the province of Musashi, where they were granted lands and an allowance of grain, and were made to follow their avocations in peace.
5th month, 22nd day. The Prince Imperial, accompanied by the Ministers and public functionaries, proceeded to the Palace of temporary interment and made lamentation. On this occa- sion, the chiefs of the Hayato and of Ata in Ohosumi, each accompanied by his people, advanced inturn and pronounced a eulogy.
6th month, 28th day. Criminals were pardoned.
Autumn, 7th month, 2nd day. A decree was issued as fol- lows:—‘‘ Interest may not be received on any debts contracted * Mikage means “august shade.” The wreath was supposed to represent the deceased Emperor. In a poem composed by the Empress at this time there occurs the phrase “ tama-kadzura kage ni mietsutsu,” i.e. “while looking on the jewel-wreath as thy shadow or representative.”
VOL. II. CC So eae.
386 NIHONGI.
during or previous to the year Kinoto Tori! In cases where creditors have already the personal service of their debtors, they may not exact (additional) service (by way of) interest.”
gth day. Presents of various values were given to the chiefs of the Hayato and of Ata in Ohosumi, 337 persons in all.
8th month, 5th day. Offerings* of food were made at the Palace of Sat ee interment. On this day (nothing but) fine boiled rice * was offered.
6th day. The aged people of the capital, both men and - women, all drew near and made lamentation west of the bridge.
28th day. The Empress sent Ohoshima, Fujihara no Ason, of Jiki-dai-shi rank, and Ohotomo Kibumi no Muraji, of Jiki- dai-shi rank, to invite together 300 Riu-zod and Dai-toku® to the Temple of Asuka, and to present to each a priestly robe,‘ saying:—‘‘ This was made of the august garments of the Emperor Ame no Nunahara oki no Mabito.” The language of the Imperial message was so pathetic that it may not be set forth in full.
gth month, gth day. A national feast of vegetable food’ was given in the Temples of the capital.
toth day. A maigre entertainment was ace at the Palace of temporary interment.
22nd day. Silla sent Prince Kim Sang-nim, Kim Sal-mo, of Keupson rank, Kim In-syul, of Keupson rank, and the Té-sya So Yang-sin to petition the Emperor (for advice) regarding the Government of that country and to offer tribute. The student- priest Chi-ryu arrived along with them. The Viceroy of Tsu- kushi having informed Sang-nim and his colleagues of the Emperor’s decease, they all on that same day put on mourning, tL AD. 685. 2 The first mention of interest on loans.
3 The character used denotes specially the autumnal eu nes to ancestors.
4 Cooked down to one-third its original bulk. Giles. The ‘ sa ei ” ex- plains this to mean “without fish or flesh.” The older reading is “green food,” for which the interlinear Kana is hijiki-oho, a dish prepared with hijiki, a kind of sea-weed.
5 Riu-zo is literally Dragon-elephant (Naga in Sanskrit), and Dai-toku great virtue, corresponding to the Sanskrit Bhadanta. Both are compli- mentary expressions for Buddhist dignitaries.
6 Kesa, in Sanskrit kachaya.
7 This was the anniversary of Temmu Tenno's death.
Jiro, 387 and with their faces turned to the East made obeisance three times, and three times raised lamentation.
Winter, roth month, 22nd day; The “Princé.- Imperial, accompanied by the Ministers and public functionaries, as well as by the Governors of provinces, and the Kuni no Miyakko, together with common people, both men and women, began the construction of the Oho-uchi Misasagi.
12th month, roth day. Tomi, Michi no Mabito, of Jiki- kwo-san rank, was appointed Imperial Envoy for the enter- tainment of the Silla guests..
This year was the year Hinoto I (24th) of the Cycle.
and year, ist month, 1st day. The Prince Imperial, accom- panied by the Ministers and public functionaries, went to the Palace of temporary interment and made lamentation.
2nd day. A company of priests made lament at the Palace of temporary interment.
8th day. A public great congregation’ was held in the Temple of Yakushi.
23rd day. The decease of the Emperor was formally announced to Kim Sang-nim and his colleagues. Kim Sang-nim and his colleagues thereupon made lament threc times. . 2nd month, 2nd day. The Viceroy presented the tribute from Silla. It consisted of such things as gold and silver, thin silks, cloth, skins, copper, and iron—more than ten articles in all. There were also presented separately such things as images of Buddha, all kinds of coloured fine silks, birds, and horses, more than ten articles in all. Sang-nim’s presents were gold and silver, coloured stuffs, and all manner of rarities, altogether more than eighty articles.
roth day. Sang-nim and his colleagues were entertained in the Tsukushi Government House, and received presents of various values.
16th day. A decree was issued, as follows:—‘ In future, on all days of national mourning it is absolutely necessary that abstinence should be practised.”?
29th day. Sang-nim and his colleagues took their departure.
1 Of priests.
* Some make this refer to a monthly fast on the day of the Emperor’s decease, others to an annual observance.
Op (Ce Zs MOOS 76 XXX. 8 388 NIHONGI.
3rd month, 22nd day. An ornamental chaplet was offered at the Palace of temporary interment. Ohoshima, Fujihara no Ason, pronounced a eulogy.
5th month, 8th day. T6k-na-ri, Kyong-su_of Pekché was transferred to the province of Kahi. | 6th month, 11th day. There was an Imperial decree, ordering that all prisoners throughout the Empire who had been guilty of capital crimes should have their punishment mitigated by one degree, and that those who were in prison for lighter offences should be all pardoned. Orders were given to the Empire that for this year (only) half the commuted taxes should be levied.
Autumn, 7th month, 11th day. By reason of the drought, there was great praying for rain. as 20th day. The Pekché priest Doz was commanded to pray for rain. Before a morning had passed, rain fell plentifully throughout the Empire.
8th month, roth day. Offerings of food were made, and lament raised at the Palace of temporary interment. On this occasion Yasumaro, Ohotomo no Sukune, pronounced a eulogy.
t1th day. Prince Ise, of J6-dai-shi rank, was commanded to announce the state to be observed at the funeral.
25th day. The King of Tamna sent his Minister Kara with tribute of the productions of the country.
gth month, 23rd day. Kara, Minister of Tamna, and his companions were entertained at the Government House of Tsukushi, and received presents of various values.
Winter, 11th month, 4th day. The Prince Imperial, accom- panied by the Ministers and public functionaries, as well as by the guests from the frontier lands, went to the Palace of temporary interment and made lamentation. On this occa- sion offerings of food were made, and the Tate-fushi' dance performed. | The Ministers each advanced in turn and pronounced a eulogy, setting forth the circumstances of the services rendered by their ancestors.
1 Shield-measure. So called because danced with shields (and swords) in the hands of the performers. Ten persons took part in it.
ie) Jiro. 359 5th day. More than!go Yemishi brought tribute on their backs, and in this fashion pronounced a eulogy.
11th day. Miaruji, Fuse no Ason, and Miyuki, Ohotomo no Sukune, pronounced eulogies alternately. _Chitoko, Tahema no Mabito, of Jiki-kwo-shi rank, in a eulogy recited the succession to the throne of the Imperial ancestors. When this ceremony was finished, the Emperor was buried in the Ohouchi’ Misasagi.
12th month, 12th day. Two hundred and thirteen Yemishi, men and women, were entertained under the tsuki tree west of the Temple of Asuka. Ranks were bestowed on them, and they received presents. varying in value.
3rd year, Spring, 1st month, 1st day. The Empress gave audience to the ten-thousand lands? in the Front Hall.
2nd day. The Department of Great -Learning presented eighty staves.* _ 3rd day. Maro and Kanawori, sons of Shiriko, of Mu-dai- shi rank, Yemishi of Kikafu in the district of Utamu in the 1 In the district of ‘Takechi in Yamato, at the village of Gojo no mura. The site is five cho in length by four in width. Five houses for caretakers are allotted to it. The vault is eight feet wide and nine feet deep, and contains two stone sarcophagi. It has been plundered, like many others.
2 “Ten-thousand lands or provinces” seems put for “everybody,” “all the world,” as we might say. ‘ 3 The staves were for the purpose of driving out evil spirits, a ceremony which was performed on the first day of the Hare in each year. The “ Yengishiki” mentions camellia, holly, peach, plum, etc., among the woods used for this purpose. This custom is of Chinese origin. The later custom of driving out evil spirits was by scattering beans, and was known as oni- yarahi, tsuina, or mame maki. This was practised on the last day of the year.
Yamada, in his Dictionary, says that a man was dressed up as the demon of pestilence; he describes the ceremony gone through of driving him away, and gives other particulars which are worth consulting. See also “ Sansai- dzuye,” iv. 27.
Tylor quotes several examples of allied superstitious practices in his , Primitive Culture,” li. p. 199, to which may be added the following from the “ Life of Sir R. Burton”:—“ On Sylvester night the servants went through a very usual ceremony in Trieste of forming procession and chevying the’ evil spirits with sticks and brooms out of the house, and inviting the good spirits and good luck to come and dwell with us.” This reminds one strongly of the Japanese formula used on this occasion:—‘ Oni wa soto, fuku wa uchi ’—“ Devils out, luck in.” The ceremony too is performed on the same day of the year.
XXX. 9.
XXX. I 390 NIHONGI.
province of Michinoku, begged permission to shave off their hair and become priests. The Empress gave order, saying:— ‘‘Maro and the other, although young, are of refined tastes, and their wishes are limited; so much so that they desire nothing but vegetable food and to observe the precepts.’ In accordance with their request, let them renounce the world and practise religion.”
7th day. A banquet was given to the Ministers, and presents of raiment were bestowed on them.
8th day. Norimaro, Tanaka no Ason, and his companions, who were sent as Envoys to Silla, returned from thence.
gth day. The Empress gave orders to the Governor of the province of Idzumo to send up to the capital men of the. frontier lands who had met with stress of weather. | On this day there were presented to Doshin, a Yemishi of Koshi, who was a Buddhist priest, an image of Buddha, one baptismal banner, one bell and one begging bowl, coloured silks, five feet of each kind, five bundles of floss silk, ten tan of cloth, ten mattocks, and one saddle.
Ahada no Mabito no Ason, Viceroy of Tsukushi, and others presented to the Empress 174 Hayato,” with fifty fathoms of cloth, six ox hides, and fifty deer-skins.
, 15th day. The civil and sai officials rane presents of firewood.
16th day. A meal was given to the public functionaries.
18th day. The Empress visited the Palace of Yoshino.
2oth day. The Empress arrived from the Palace of Yoshino.
2nd month, 13th day. The Empress gave orders that reliefs should be sent for the Barrier Wardens of Tsukushi who had completed their term of years.
26th day. Prince Takeda, of Jé-kwé-shi rank, Nemaro, Hashi no Sukune, of Jiki-kwo-shi rank, Maro, Ohoyake no c. Ason, Fubito, Fujihara no Ason, Sakurawi, Tahema no Mabito, of Mu-dai-shi rank, Yamamori, Hodzumi no Ason, Omimaro, 1 The ten Buddhist commandments. Vide Eitel, S’ikchapada.
2 I suspect that the use of the Hayato as an Imperial Guard began at this time; if this be so, the legend related of the reason why the Hayato were vassals of the Emperor (see Vol. I. p. 107) must be of comparatively recent origin. ‘ layer 391 Nakatomi no Ason, Tayasu, Kose no Ason, and Yasumaro, Ohomiwa no Ason, were made judges.
3rd month, 24th day. There was a great amnesty for the Empire. But. those crimes which were not pardoned in ordinary amnesties were excepted frorn this amnesty.
Summer, 4th month, 8th day. Immigrants from Silla were settled in the province of Shimotsukenu.
13th day. His Highness the Prince Imperial Kusakabe died.
2oth day. Silla sent Kim To-na, of Keupson rank, and others on a mission of condolence for the decease of the Emperor Oki no Mabito. Silla sent up at the same time the student-priests Mei-so, Kwan-chi, etc. Separately Silla sent a present of a gold-copper'image of Amida, a gold-copper image of Kwan-ze-on Bosatsu, and an image of Dai-sei-shi’ Bosatsu, together with coloured silks and brocades.
22nd day. Prince Kasuga died.
27th day. Orders were given to the Local Governors that their labourers should be allowed four holidays in the month.
5th month, 22nd day. Nemaro, Hashi no Sukune, was directed to convey to the Condolence Envoys from Silla, Kim Tona, of Keupson rank, and his colleagues, an Imperial mes- sage, as follows:—‘‘ The Ministers of the Council of State, by order of the Empress, make this communication. In the first year of the reign, Norimaro, Tanaka no Ason and others were sent to announce the decease of the late Emperor. Then Silla said that the persons charged to receive an Imperial message had always had the rank of So-phan. This should also be the case on the present occasion. For this reason Norimaro and his colleagues were unable to deliver the Imperial message which was entrusted to them. Nowif former matters are gone into, there is the case of the decease of the Emperor who once ruled the Empire from the Palace of Naniha,’ when Kose no Inamochi and his colleagues were sent to announce it. On that occasion Kim Chhyun-chhyu, of Yé-son* rank, received 1 Copper with a small admixture of gold. No doubt the shakudé of modern times. See “Japanese Metallurgy,” by W. Gowland, in the “Journal of the Society of Chemical Industry,” June, 1896.
2 Sanskrit, Mahanaman. * Kotoku Tenno.
4 Probably Té-a-son is meant. At least this was his rank above, and no Silla rank of Yé-son is known.
NOOK LO 392 NIHONGI.
the Imperial message, so that if it is said that an official of the rank of So-phan should receive the Imperial commands, this would be at variance with former precedent.
Again, when the Emperor who ruled the Empire from: the Palace of Afumi' died, Kim Sal-yu, of I]-kil-son rank, was sent to offer condolence. But now an official of the rank of Keupson offers condolence, which again is contrary to precedent. More- over Silla has always addressed the Emperor saying:—‘ Our country, since the reigns of the remote Imperial ancestors or Japan, is a land which does service, never allowing the oars of its ordered ships to become dry.’ Yet now but one ship is sent, which is contrary to the ancient rule. And further in addressing the Emperor Silla has said:—‘ Since the reign of the remote Imperial ancestor of Japan, we have done service with pure hearts.’ But you have not been careful to be thoroughly faithful in the performance of the functions originally entrusted to you. You have broken your true faith and have had wilful recourse to arts of flattery. Therefore your tribute and the separate presents are sealed up together and returned to you. However, the generous affection shown.
to you since the reign of the remote Imperial ancestor of this country will not be discontinued. Be therefore more and more diligent, more and more watchful, and discharge the duties entrusted to you with fear and trembling. The Celestial Court will have a still more generous affection in case the laws are honoured and observed. Do you, Tona and the rest, receive this Imperial message and deliver it to your King.”
6th month, 1st day. Garments were presented to the Viceroy of Tsukushi and others.
2nd day. The Imperial Prince Shiki, Sukuna-maro, Sami no Ason, of Jiki-kwo-shi rank, Mugohe, Hata no Ason, Muma- kahi, Iyobe no Muraji, of Gon-kwo-shi rank, Okina, Mitsugi no Imiki, Ta-uchi, Ohotomo no Sukune, of Mu-dai-san rank, Tayasu, Kose no Ason, and others were appointed Com- missioners for the choice of good words.’
tgth day. Presents of rice, varying in value in each case, ' Tenchi Tenno.
* Explained to be the selection of specimens of auspicious language of ancient and modern times to serve as models for addresses to the Fie Di This office soon fell into abeyance.
JITO. 393 were given to Hsii Shou-yen, Sa Hung-k‘o, and others of the Land of Great Thang.
20th day. The Empress commanded the Viceroy Ahada no Mabito no Ason and others to give the student-priests Mei-so and Kwan-chi each 140 kin of floss silk to send to their teachers and friends in Silla.
23rd day. The Silla Condolence Envoys Tona and his col- leagues were entertained at Wo-gohori' in Tsukushi and were given presents, varying in the case of each.
29th day. A book of legal enactments’ in twenty-two volumes was distributed to all the Local Governors.
Autumn, 7th month, 1st day. In accordance with his request, the Buddhist priest Jitoku, Yemishi of Michinoku, was granted a gold-copper image of Yakushi Butsu and a gold- copper image of Kwanze-on Bosatsu, a bell, a dish,* a precious curtain, an incense burner, and a banner.
On this day, the Silla Condolence Envoys Kim Tona and his colleagues took their departure.
15th day. Orders were given to the Mayors of the Right and Left divisions of the capital and to the Governors of the provinces to build places for the practice of archery.* 20th day. The false Palace guard, Kashihabara no Hiroyama by name, a man of the district of Shibukaha in the province of Kahachi, was banished to the province of Tosa. The-rank of Tsui-kw6-san was conferred on Tora, Mibu no Muraji, the Palace guard who arrested the false Palace guard Hiroyama.
1 Wo-gohori means “ small district,” and probably means here the smaller of the tvo Government establishments. There was also an Oho-gohori or great district in Tsukushi.
2 An authority quoted by the “ Shikai” states that in the first year of Tenchi’s reign there was prepared a collection of enactments in twenty-two volumes, which were known to the public as the “laws of the Afumi Court.” The same authority states that there was a revision of these laws in the 2nd month of the roth year of Temmu Tenno. It is these revised regulations which are referred to in the text. The ‘‘ Yengishiki,” which is still extant, gives us some idea of the character of these compilations.
3 A begging bowl is meant. The word used is sara, which is written: phonetically with the characters commonly used to represent the Sanskrit Sala, the large timber tree under which SAkyamuni died.
* The interlinear Kana gives here ikusa, “ war,” as the equivalent of the Chinese Hy, archery. Perhaps ikusa is derived from i, root of iru, to shoot, and kusa, a kind Rigs 394 NIHONGI.
23rd day: Presents were given to Yatsurina and others, Yemishi of Koshi, varying in value in the case of each.
8th month, 2nd day. The public functionaries assembled in the Department of the Shinto religion, where an Imperial message was communicated to them respecting matters of the Gods of Heaven and Earth.
4th day. The Empress visited the Palace of Yoshino.
16th day. Hunting and fishing were prohibited in the sea of Muko in the province of Settsu for a distance of 1000 paces, for a space of 20,000 shiro on the plain of Nagino in the district of Ate in the province of Kii, and for a space of 20,000 shiro on the plains of Minono in the district of Iga in the province of Iga. Keepers were attached to these places in the same way as to the Sea of Takashi in the district of Ohotori in the province of Kahachi.
17th day. The Ministers received rewards, varying in the case of each.
21st day. The Empress gave orders to the Governor- General’ of Iyo, Norimaro Tanaka no Ason, and his colleagues, saying:—‘‘ Let the white swallow caught in the district of Mike in the province of Sanuki be set at liberty.”
23rd day. The Empress witnessed archery.
Intercalary 8th month, roth day. The Empress gave orders to the Local Governors, saying:—‘‘ This winter the registers of population are to be made up. Not later than the gth month, let vagabonds be sought out and arrested. As to the militia, let those of each province be divided into four parts, and having selected one of these, cause the men to be trained in warlike exercises.”
27th day. Prince Kahachi, of Jd-kwo-shi rank, was made Viceroy of Tsukushi. He was granted arms and received presents. The rank of Jiki-kw6-ichi was bestowed on Shima, Tajihi no Mabito, of Jiki-kw6-ni rank. His fief was increased by 100 houses, which were added to his former grant.
gth month, roth day. Maro, Iso no Kami no Ason, of Jiki- kwo6-san rank, Mushina, Ishikaha no Ason, of Jiki-kwo-shi rank, and others were sent to Tsukushi to deliver patents of rank and also to inspect the new castle.
1 He seems to have had control over the whole island of Shikoku.
~ Jiro. 395 Winter, roth month, 11th day. The Empress visited the Castle of Takayasu.
22nd day. Komaro, Shimotsukenu no Ason, of Jiki-kwo-shi rank, represented to the Empress his desire to set free 600 slaves. His petition was granted.
r1th month, 22nd day. Ihanari, Takata no Obito, of Tsui- kw6-ni rank, was complimented in the market-place on his proficiency in the use of the three weapons,' and presents were given him.
12th month, 8th day. The game of suguroku” was pro- hibited.
4th year, Spring, rst month, 1st day. Mononobe no Maro® no Ason set up great shields.“ Nakatomi no Ohoshima no Ason, Minister of the Department of the Shinto religion, recited (a prayer invoking) blessings from the Gods of Heaven. When this was over, Shikofuchi, Imbe no Sukune, delivered to the Empress-consort the divine seal, sword and mirror.’ The Empress-consort accordingly assumed the Imperial Dignity.°® The Ministers and public functionaries ranged in order, made obeisance in rotation,’ and clapped their hands.
Bow, sword, and lance.
* The Chinese characters mean double-six, i.e. dice. Hepburn gives backgammon as the meaning of the Japanese word suguroku or sugoroku. Yamada’s Dictionary gives the following description of it:—“ Sugoroku is played by two players, with a board called kyoku, separated into twelve divisions. Twelve horses (pieces) are set in rows, distinguished as black and white. The dice are placed in a bamboo tube, shaken, and thrown out, and the horses moved forward the number of spaces indicated. The player who first moves his horses into the enemy’s camp is the winner.” There are other forms of the game. It is said to have come originally from India. See Culin’s ‘“ Korean, Chinese, and Japanese Games,” 3 Maro is probably the personal name, though out of its usual order.
4 Or a great shield. Shields were set up as offerings to the Shinté Gods.
® Another rendering is “the divine tokens, i.e. the sword and mirror.”
6 The delay was no doubt in compliance with the Chinese idea of a three years’ mourning.
* The ‘ Yengishiki,” in describing the ceremony of accession and of the festival of first-fruits, says:—“ Those of the fifth rank and upwards stand up together and advance to the tablet-position in the middle of the Court, where they kneel down and clap their hands four times, eight claps each time foreach. This is what is called in the sacred language Ya-hiraki-te 396 NIHONGI.
396 NIHONGI.
2nd day. The Ministers and public functionaries presented their respects at Court with the same state as at the New Year’s audience.
Tajihi no Shima no Mabito and Fuse no Renan no beret presented their congratulations to the Empress on n her < accession to the throne.
3rd day. A banquet was given to the Ministers i in the i inner precinct.
7th day. A banquet was given to the Ministers in the i inner precinct, and presents of clothing given them..
15th day. The public functionaries presented firewood.
17th day. There was a general amnesty throughout the Empire. It did not apply, however, to those criminals who are excepted from ordinary pardons.
One grade of rank was granted to all persons who already held official rank. | Widows, orphans, lone persons, sufferers from grave illness, and those who from poverty were unable to support themselves were granted presents of rice, and exempted from commuted taxes and forced labour.
20th day. One hundred tokibe’ were cy ee to the Department of Justice.
23rd day. Offerings were distributed to the Gods of Heaven and the Gods of Earth in the Home provinces. Moreover, the lands and houses allotted for their service were augmented.
2nd month, 5th day. The Empress went to the embankment of Wakinokami and inspected the iat of the Ministers and Daibu.
11th day. A Buddhist priest of Silla named Chén-kil, Peuk (eight-open-hand). The Prince Imperial claps his hands first and then retires. Next officials of the fifth rank and upwards clap hands, and finally those of the sixth or lower ranks in turn.” A Chinese authority states that the Japanese showed their respect for men of distinction by clapping their hands. The number of obeisances varied at different times from one up. The “tablet-position” is probably something like what I have seen in the Court in front of the Audience Hall in Soul, where slabs of stone are let into the ground with inscriptions indicating the positions to be taken up by the officials of each rank. 1 Shima and Miaruji are the personal names.
2 Tokibe were officers who held preliminary examinations and comunitted prisoners for trial.
Cho-chi, of Keupson rank, and others, fifty pubeae in all, immigrated to Japan.
17th day. The Empress visited the Palace of Yoshino.
1gth day. A feast of vegetarian food was given within the inner precinct. 25th day. H6-man, of Han Nama rank, and other Silla men, twelve persons in all, who had come:as immigrants, were settled in the province of Musashi.
3rd month, 20th day. Rice of the Shima Palace was given to those inhabitants of the capital and the Home provinces who were eighty years of age and upwards. Each person had twenty, sheaves, and those who had official rank received in addition two tan of cloth.
Summer, 4th month, 3rd day. Envoys were sent to worship the great abstinence Deity of Hirose and the Wind-gods of Tatsuta.
7th day. Presents of rice were made to 5031 old men and old women of the capital and Home provinces. Each person had twenty sheaves.
14th day. An edict was issued, as follows:—‘ Let all public functionaries and people of the Home provinces be divided into nine classes according to the number of days in which they have done service. In the case of those who have official rank, reckoning is to be made for six years, and not longer, and in the case of those of no rank, for seven years only. In accordance with the regulations for the examination of public service, let those of the first four classes receive cap-rank in proportion to their merits, their services, and the importance of the House to which they belong. Their court costume shall be dark purple for those from the rank of J6-dai-ichi down to that of Kwo-ni, bright purple for those from the rank of | Jo-dai-san to that of Kwo-shi, for the eight Sho’ grades bright purple, for the eight Jiki grades dark red, for the eight Gon grades dark green, for the eight Mu grades light green, for the eight Tsui grades deep blue, and for the eight Shin grades light blue. Apart from this, those of Jo-kw6-ni or higher rank may wear all manner of thin silk gauzes, etc., of one breadth and one kind, while those from the rank of Jo-dai-san to that of Jiki-kwo-shi may wear all manner of thin silk gauzes, etc., of 1 See above, n 368, 398 NIHONGI.
one breadth and two kinds. Both the higher and lower ranks should ordinarily wear girdles of variegated silk and white trousers. Other matters to remain as usual.”
22nd day. By reason of a drought, rain was begun to be prayed for in various places.
5th month, 3rd day. The Empress went to the Palace of Yoshino.
roth day. Twenty-one immigrants from Pékché, men and women, arrived.
15th day. Discourses on ‘‘ dwelling in peace”’' were begun in the inner precinct.
6th month, 6th day. “The Empress visited Hatsuse.
25th day. All persons whatever, possessed of official rank, were summoned, and the order of their rank and their ages proclaimed.
Autumn, 7th month, 1st day. The Ministers and public functionaries put on the new Court costume for the first time.
3rd day. Offerings were distributed to the Gods of Heaven and the Gods of Earth.
5th day. The Imperial Prince Takechi was made Dajé- daijin, the rank of Sho-kwo-san was granted to Tajihi no Mabito, and he was made Udaijin. New appointments were also made to all the eight Departments of State and the bureaus.
6th day. New appointments were made of viceroys and governors of provinces.
7th day. An Imperial Order was made that the Ministers, public functionaries, and all persons holding official rank should in future put on their Court costumes in their own houses, and so present themselves before the opening of the gate.
gth day. An Imperial edict was issued, as follows:—‘* When those occupying the higher places at a Court assembly see a Prince of the Blood, the usual ceremony is to be observed; when a Daijin and a Prince appear, every one should stand up before the Hall; if two or more Princes appear, every one should get down from his seat and kneel.”’
14th day. An Imperial edict was issued, as follows:—‘‘ When 1 The Buddhist retirement for meditation during the rainy season, a sort of Lenten retreat. See above, p. 360.
Jrro 399 those occupying the higher places at a Court assembly see a Daijin, they should move their seats and kneel down.”
On this day alms of coarse silk, raw silk, floss silk, and cloth were given to 3363 priests of the seven temples who had taken part in the “retreat.’”’' Separately alms were bestowed, on behalf of the Prince Imperial, on 329 priests of three temples who had taken part in the “ retreat.”
18th day. Envoys were sent to worship the Great Absti- nence Deity of Hirose, and the Wind-gods of Tatsuta.
8th month, 4th day. The Empress visited the Palace of Yoshino.
11th day. Silla immigrants were settled in the province of Shimotsukenu.
gth month, 1st day. An edict was addressed to the governors of all the provinces, as follows:—“ In preparing the returns of population, let the house-regulations be attended to.” 11th day. A decree was issued, as follows:—‘‘ As We are about to make a tour in the province of Kii, let no land-tax or poll-tax be collected for the year in the capital.”
13th day. The Empress proceeded to Kii.
23rd day. Three priests who had gone to the Land of Great Thang for study, named Chi-shiu, Gi-toku, and Jé-gwan, and a private soldier named Ohotomobe no Hakama, of the dis- trict of Upper Yame in the province of Tsukushi, returned to Tsukushi in the train of the Silla Escort Envoy, Kim Ko-hun, of Té-na-ma rank.
24th day. The Empress returned from Kii.
Winter, roth month, 5th day. The Empress visited the Palace of Yoshino.
roth day. Chi-shiu and the other priests who had been to Thang for study arrived in the capital.
15th day. Messengers were sent to Prince Kahachi, Viceroy of Tsukushi, and his colleagues with the following order:— “In entertaining the Silla Escort Envoy, Kim Ko-hun, of Te- -na-ma rank, and his colleagues, let the precedent be followed of the Escort Envoy, who escorted up the student Wohi, Hashi no Sukune, and his companions. The attentions paid them and the presents given them must follow strictly the edict.”
1 See above, p. 398, note.
DOXOXG 10) 400 NIHONGI.
22nd day. An Imperial order was given to Ohotomobe no Hakama, a private soldier of the district of Upper Yame in the province of Tsukushi, saying:—‘‘ You were taken prisoner by the Thang troops in the seventh year of the reign of the Empress Ame_ toyo-takara-ikashi-hi-tarashi-hime during the campaign undertaken for the assistance of Pékché. At length, in the third year of the Emperor Ame mikoto hirakasu wake, the four men Hoto Hashi, no Muraji, Oyu, Kohori no Muraji, Satsuyama, Tsukushi no Kimi, and Gen Jitsu-ni,| Yuge no Muraji, wished to inform the Emperor of the designs of the men of Thang, but, as they had neither clothing nor provisions, they were, to their sorrow, unable to carry out their purpose. Upon this you, Hakama, said to Hashi no Hoto and the others, ‘I should like to return to our own Court along with you, but for want of clothing and provisions we cannot all depart together. I pray you, sell me as a slave, and use the money to buy food and clothing.’ Acting on your proposal, Hoto and his companions were enabled to communicate with the Celestial Court, and you alone remained in a foreign | land for the space of thirty years until now. We are pleased with the loyalty and patriotism which led you to sell yourself, and thus display your fidelity. Asa mark of distinction for this meritorious service We therefore grant you the rank of Mu-dai-shi, with five pieces of coarse silk, ten bundles of floss silk, thirty tan of cloth, 1000 sheaves of rice, and four cho of rice-land, to be continued to your great-grandchildren, and your relations of the three classes* are exempted from forced labour.”
29th day. The Imperial Prince Takechi inspected the site for the Palace of. Fujihara. He was accompanied by the Ministers and public functionaries.
t1th month, 7th day. Presents were given to the Escort Envoy Kim Ko-hun and his colleagues, of varying value in the case of each.
11th day. In compliance with an Imperial order, the use of the Yiian-kia and I-féng calendars was begun.* 1 Apparently a Chinese name which he had taken to himself.
? His father and mother, brothers and sisters, and wife and children.
* Yiian-kia is the Chinese period from 424 to 453; I-féng from 676 to 678. The “ Sandai jitsu roku” says: “First the Yiian-kia calendar was used, and \ Jiro. 401 12th month, 3rd day. The Escort Envoy Kim Ko-hun and his colleagues took their departure.
12th day. The Empress went to the Palace of Yoshino.
14th day. The Empress returned from the Palace of Yoshino.