12th month. The following report” was received from the province of Koshi:—‘‘ At Cape Minabe, on the northern side of the Island of Sado, there arrived men of Su-shén* in a boat, and staid there. During the spring and summer they caught fish, which they used for food. The men of that island said they were not human beings. They also called them devils, and did not dare to go near them. The people of the village of Umtu, on the east of the island, having gathered acorns,* were 1 The Omi was therefore only a subordinate officer.
2 Apparently made by the provincial recorders whose appointment is noted above, p. 307 of Vol. I.
3 “ An old name for the 7 NEL, Tungusic ancestors of the Manchus.”— Giles. The interlinear Kana has Mishi-hase or Misht-muse or M!shimumase. 4 The fruit of the shii, or Quercus Cuspidata.
KIMMEI. Bo": preparing to cook them for eating, and having covered them over with ashes, were roasting them, when the shells turned into two men, which hovered over the fire at a distance of more than a foot. After a time they fought together, to the great — wonder of the villagers. They took them and placed them in the courtyard, when they flew as before, and went on fighting. A certain man divined from this, saying:—‘ We shall assuredly be enchanted by devils.’ Not long after, as he had said, they were plundered by them.' Thereupon the men of Su-shén removed to Segaha Bay. The God of this bay is a dreadful - God, and no one dares to approach him. Half of those who drink of that water when thirsty die, and their bones are piled up on the rocky steeps. The common people call this God Mishihase? no Kuma.”
6th year, Spring, 3rd month. Hasuhi, Kashihade no Omi, was sent on a mission to Pékché.
Summer, 5th month. Pekché sent the Nasol, Ki-neung,’ the Nasol, Yong-ka-ta, and the Siték, Chha-chyu with a memorial to the Emperor.
Autumn, gth month. Pékché sent Po-ché,*‘ Ho-ték of the Middle Division, and others to Imna with a present of valuable products of Wu for the Omi of the Japanese Government there, and for all the Kanki, each in proportion to his rank.
This month Pékché made an image of Buddha sixteen feet high,’ and drew up a written prayer, saying:—‘‘I understand that it is extremely meritorious to make a Buddha sixteen feet high. By the merit which I have now acquired in reverentially constructing one, I pray that the Emperor may obtain exceed- ‘ Apparently by the Manchus.
* Mishihase is the Japanese rendering of Su-shén. Kuma means bear.
* Perhaps identical with the Kwi-nyén mentioned above.
* Written with the same characters as are used for the Sanskrit Bodhi, wisdom.
° The “ Shukai” quotes from a Chinese author:—“ Ming Ti, an “Emperor of the Later Han Dynasty, saw in a dream a man of gold of great stature with a nimbus round his head. One of his Ministers explained that there was a God in the western quarter whose name was Buddha. He was sixteen feet high and of a yellow golden colour. Upon this the Emperor sent to India to make inquiries respecting the Buddhist doctrine, which resulted in paintings (of Buddha) being made in China.” Numerous other cases are found of Buddhas of this height.
60 NIHONGI.
ing virtue, and that all the land of the Miyake! belonging to the Emperor may receive blessings. I also pray for the moral enfranchisement * of all living creatures under Heaven. There- _ fore I have made this image.”
Winter, 11th month. Hasuhi, Kashihade no Omi, returned from Pékché, and said:—‘‘ Thy servant, when sent on his mission, departed with all his family, and arrived at the shore [shore means the seashore] of Pékché. The sun went down and we took lodging for the night. One of my children suddenly disappeared, and we could not tell where he had gone to. That night there was a great fall of snow, and we could not search for him untilmorning. Then we found the footprints of a tiger in a row one after another. Thy servant accordingly, having girded on his sword and put on his armour, went out in search. Coming to a cliff, he drew his sword, and said:—‘ I, having respectfully taken charge of the silken threads and cords,*® with weary toil by land and sea, my hair combed by the wind, my bath the rain, with the grass for my mat and thorns for my carpet, came hither, all because I loved my child, and wished to make him succeed to his father’s office. Thou (too), O Dread Deity! hast parental love as one feature of thy character. Now to-night my child disappeared. Following up his traces, I sought for him as far as this place, and without fear of losing my life I intend to have my revenge. For this I have come. Upon this that tiger advanced before me -and opened his mouth in order to devour me. But I, Hasuhi, swiftly stretched out my left hand and seized that tiger by the tongue, while with my right I stabbed it to death. Then I stripped off its skin and returned with it.’”’
This year Koryé was greatly troubled by civil disturbances, and large numbers of people suffered execution.
The “ Pékché Original Record” says:—‘‘ 12th month, 2oth day. The Syé faction and the Chhu faction of the Land of Kory6 fought at the King’s Court with beat of drum. The Syé party were beaten, but did not disband their troops. On the third day, all the Syé party’s children and grandchildren were taken and put to death.
1 i.e. the Japanese territory in Corea. 2 Vimokcha. See Eitel’s ‘“ Handbook of Buddhism,” 2nd edition, p. 2o1. * i.e, the Emperor’s missive.
KIMMEI, 61 On the 24th, King Hyang-kang, of the land of Koma,’ died,” yth year, Spring, ist month, 3rd day. The envoys from Pékché, Kwi-nyén, Nasol of the Middle Division, and his companions took their departure. They received a present of seventy-four good * horses and ten ships.
Summer, 6th month, 12th day. Pekché sent Nyang-Y6p- nyé, Nasol of the Middle Division, and others, to present tribute.
Autumn, 7th month. A report was received from the district of Imaki in the province of Yamato, saying:—“ In the spring of the 5th year (of the reign), Miya [this is a personal name], Kahara Tami no Atahe, went up to an upper story to view the prospect. He saw a good horse, bred from the mares which carry the food for the Emperor’s table sent by the fishermen of the Land of Kii. When it saw a shadow it neighed loudly: it nimbly sprang over its mother’s back, He approached and bought it. He kept it for several years. When it grew up, its action was like that of the startled wild goose or the soaring dragon. It differed from the flock and excelled the crowd. It was obedient to control, and its paces were in due proportion.’ It leaped over the ravine at the Hill of Ohochi, which is eighteen rods* in width. Miya, Kahara Tami no Atahe, is a man of the village of Hinokuma.”’
This year Kory6é was greatly disturbed: more than 2000 people were killed in battle.
The “ Pékché Original Record ” has:—‘‘ Koryé on the 3rd day of the rst month established as king the son of the second queen. He was eight years of age. The King of Koma® had three wives. The true queen had no children, and the heir to the throne was the son of the second consort, whose father’s family was of the Chhu faction. The junior wife had also a child. Her father’s family was of the Syé faction. When the King of Koma 1 Written Af. Kory6é is meant. A king of Kory6 named Anwon died in this year, according to the “ Tongkam.” ‘The interlinear Kana has “ Nuta,” which I can make nothing of.
2 i.e. broken in. 3 i.e. it had a good mouth and easy paces 4 The rod is usually of ten feet.
5, The Chinese character is AA, as before. See above.
PON 30: 62 NIHONGI.
took ill, the Syé faction and the Chhu faction each tried to set up the son of the respective consorts. The result was that of the Syé faction more than two thousand men were slain.” 8th year, Spring, 4th month. Pekché sent Chin-mo-syén- mun, Tok-sol of the Former Division, the Nasol, Kama and others to ask for auxiliaries, and offered (as hostage) W6n, son of Tong-syong, (Nasol?) of the Lower Division, ex- changing him for the Tok-sol, Mun-hyu-ma-na. goth year, Spring, 1st month, 3rd day. The Pekché ambassador, Chin-mo-syén-mun, Tok-sol of the Former Division, and his colleagues, asked leave to depart. Accord- ingly an Imperial command was given, saying:—‘‘In regard to the auxiliaries asked for by you, help will be assuredly sent you. Hasten to carry back this answer to your king.” Summer, 4th month, 3rd day. Peékché sent the Han-sol of the Middle Division, Nyang Yop-nyé and others with a message to the Emperor, saying:—‘‘The Tok-sol, Syén- mun and his colleagues have arrived at thy servant’s frontier state with an Imperial message, informing me that the auxi- liary force which I asked for would be sent when occasion demanded. I have humbly received this gracious pronounce- ment, and my joy is unbounded. Now, a prisoner taken in the expedition of the Castle of Ma-chin [1st month, 3rd day. Koryé led an army and laid siege to the Castle of Ma-chin] ' has reported thus:—‘It was on the invitation and at the instigation of-the Land of Ara and of the Japanese authorities (in Corea) that this expedition against Pekché was undertaken.’ Judging from the facts, this appears likely. I wished, however, to examine thoroughly this statement, and three times sent to summon them. But neither of them came, and I am therefore profoundly anxious. I humbly pray the August Emperor [the western frontier states all style the Emperor of Japan the August (lit. to be feared) Emperor) first to consider this, and for the time being to 1 The “Tongkam” mentions an invasion of Pékché by Kory6 in this year. Kory6 was driven back with great loss by the help of an auxiliary force from Silla. The last statement sounds rather strange in view of the relations of Pékché and Silla described in the above pages.
-KIMMEI. 63 delay the auxiliaries ' which I asked for until thy servant sends an answer.” The Emperor’s.command was as _ follows:—‘‘ We have listened attentively to thy representation. When we consider what thou dost complain of, we, too, are vexed that the Japanese authorities and Ara should not have come to the assistance of a neighbour in his difficulty. But it is incredible that they should have gone so far as to send a secret message to Koryé. If we had ordered it so, of course they would have sent one, but in the absence of any order from us, how could they find it possible to do so? I beg that the king, loosing his collar and slackening his girdle, will possess his soul in peace and avoid profound suspicions and fears. In accord- ance with our former instructions, let him join forces with Imna, and let them together each defend the territory which they hold in fee against the northern enemy.”
We are about to send a number of men to re-people the territory of Ara, left vacant by the fugitives.”
6th month, 3rd day. An envoy was sent to Pékché with an Imperial message, saying:—‘‘ What is the news since the Ték-sol, Syén-mun took his departure? We aré informed that thy country has suffered from the Koma brigands. It would be well earnestly to take measures in concert with Imna, and defend yourselves as heretofore.”
Intercalary 7th month. 12th day. Nyang-Y6ép-nyé, the Pékché envoy, and his colleagues took their departure.
Winter, roth month, Three hundred and seventy men were sent to Pékché to assist in constructing a fortress * at T6k-1-sin.
roth year, 6th month, 7th day. The Syang-tok, Mun-kwi and the Ko-ték, Ma-chha-mun asked permission to take their departure. Accordingly the Emperor commanded, saying:-— ‘‘ We are about to send to inquire into the truth of the state- ment that Yanasa and Mato have been privately sending emissaries to Koryé. The army asked for will be counter- manded as requested.”
1 If,as the “Tongkam” states, an invasion of Pékché by Koryé had been repulsed by the help of Silla auxiliaries, there was a still better reason why Pékché should no longer require a Japanese force for operations against Silla.
2 Koryo. 3 Or fortresses. * DADs, SH DIDS, 32; 64 NIHONGI.
ith year, Spring, 2nd month, toth day. An envoy was sent with an Imperial messagé to Pékché [the ‘ Pékché Original Record” says: —‘‘3rd month, 12th day. The Japanese Ambassador Apita, with three ships, arrived. at the capital’’], saying:—‘‘ With regard to the purport of the memorial presented by the Syang-tok, Mun-kwi and the Ko-toék, Ma-chha- mun, We have given instructions on each point, so that it is as plain as looking at something on the palm of one’s hand. It is Our desire that you should take them thoroughly to heart, and we hope, moreover, that you will give them your whole attention, so that after the envoy’s return all may be with you the same as usual. It is Our present wish merely to make plain Our answer, and therefore We send a messenger to you.
Moreover, We are informed that you have a trusty Minister, the Nasol, Ma-mu, who serves as a channel of communi- cation between you and your people, and who, being a man after Your Majesty’s heart, acts as yourassistant. If you wish that your State should be undisturbed, that, it should perma- nently occupy the position of a Miyake, and long continue to serve the Emperor, all that is necessary is that Ma-mu be appointed your chief Envoy to Our Court.”
The Emperor made a’ further decree, saying:—‘‘ We. are informed that your enemies of the North commit outrages, and we therefore send you thirty sets’ of arrows, which we hope will serve for the defence of one place.”
Summer, 4th month, Ist day. The Japanese representative ° resident in Pékché being on the point of leaving [the Japanese Apita went away ”’], King Syéng-myoéng, of Pekché, addressed him, saying:—‘‘ As to the matter of Imna, it shall be vigorously defended, in accordance with the Imperial in- structions; as-to Yanasa and Mato, whether they are to be called to an account or not, I shall simply obey the Imperial orders.” He accordingly sent a present of six Koryé slaves for the Emperor, and to his representative he gave a separate gift of one slave. [All these were slaves captured at the siege of Irim.]
16th day. Peékché sent Phi-ku-keun, Nasol of the Middle 1 According to the “ Yengishiki” a set of arrows was sometimes ten, sometimes fifty. + A, ie. royal man, _ KIMMEI. 65 Division, and Chyak-kan-na, Si-tok of the Lower Division, with a present for the Emperor of ten Koma captives.
12th year, Spring, 3rd month. The Emperor gave the king of Pékché a present of 1000 bushels of seed-wheat.
This year, King Syéng-myéng of Pékché, commanding an army in person, together with troops from the two countries, [by the two countries Silla and Imna are meant], invaded Koryé, and conquered the territory of Hansyéng.' Thence he again moved forward his army and attacked Phyéng-yang.? Six districts in all were eventually restored to their former terri- torial dependence.
13th year, Summer, 4th month. The Imperial Prince, Yata no Tama-katsu no Ohoye, died.
5th month, 8th day. Pékché, Kara, and Ara sent the Tok- sol of the Middle Division, Mok-hyép-keum-ton, and Asapita, of the Kahachi Be,* to make representation to the Emperor, saying:—‘ Koryé and Silla, having established friendly relations and joined their powers, design to overthrow thy servants’ countries, together with Imna. Therefore we humbly request an auxiliary force, so that we may first attack them unawares. The number of the troops is left to the Emperor’s decision.”
The Emperor commanded, saying:—‘‘ We have now heard all that the King of Pékché, the King of Ara, the King of Kara, and the Omi of the Japanese Government * have conjointly by their envoys represented to Us with regard to the state of affairs. Let them continue, along with Imna, to unite their hearts and strength as heretofore, and they will be undoubtedly blessed with the protection of High Heaven, and can, more- over, place their trust in the spirits of the August Emperors.”
Winter, roth month. King Syiéng-myéng of Pékché [also called King Syéng] sent Kwi-si of the Western Division, and the Tal-sol, Nu-ri Sa-chhi-hyé, with a present to the Emperor of an image of Shaka’ Butsu in gold and copper,° several flags and umbrellas, and a number.of volumes of “ Sutras.”
' The present capital, commonly called Séul. This expedition is men- tioned in the “ Tongkam.”
> Phyéng-yang was the capital of Koryé.
* Apparently a Japanese. The Interlinear Kana has Ashihita.
* In Corea. ® Sakyamuni.
° Copper with a small admixture of gold.
WAGES oll, EB ADO are DIX 23% 66 NIHONGI.
Separately he presented a memorial in which he lauded the merit of diffusing abroad religious worship, saying:—‘‘ This doctrine is amongst all doctrines the most excellent. But it is hard to explain, and hard to comprehend. Even the Duke of Chow! and Confucius had not attained to a knowledge of it. This doctrine can create religious merit * and retribution * with- out measure and without bounds, and so lead on to a full appreciation of the highest wisdom.* Imagine a man in possession of treasures to his heart’s content, so that he might satisfy all his wishes in proportion as he used them. Thus it is with the treasure of this wonderful doctrine. Every prayer is fulfilled and naught is wanting. Moreover, from distant India it has extended hither to the three Han,’ where there are none who do not receive it with reverence as it is preached to them.
Thy servant, therefore, Myong,° King of Pekché, has humbly despatched his retainer,’ Nu-ri Sa-chhi, to transmit it to the Imperial Country, and to diffuse it abroad throughout the home provinces, so as to fulfil the recorded saying of Buddha: ‘ My law shall spread to the East.’”
This day the Emperor, having heard to the end, leaped for joy, and gave command to the Envoys, saying:—‘‘ Never from former days until now have we had the opportunity of listening to so wonderful a doctrine. We are unable, however, to decide of ourselves.”” Accordingly he inquired of his Ministers one after another, saying:—‘‘ The countenance of this Buddha which has been presented by the Western frontier State is of a severe dignity, such as-we have never at allseen before. Ought it to be worshipped or not?” Soga no Oho-omi, Iname no Sukune, addressed the Emperor, saying:—‘‘ All the Western frontier lands without exception do it worship. Shall Akitsu Yamato alone refuse to do so?”’ Okoshi, Mononobe no Oho- * Either good or bad. Here in a good sense. + Bodhi.
’ Buddhism had been introduced into Koryé A.D. 372, from the Ch‘in country in Western China. It penetrated to Pékché in 384—.‘“ Tongkam,” Vol. IV. pp. 4-7.
6 This is the right name.
7 The character used means the vassal of a vassal, and implies an acknow- ledgment of Japan’s suzerainty.
ee a eee EO ' i : ; KIMMEI. 67 muraji, and Kamako, Nakatomi no Muraji, addressed the Emperor jointly, saying:—‘‘ Those who have ruled the Empire in this our State have always made it their care to worship in Spring, Summer, Autumn and Winter the 180 Gods of Heaven and Earth, and the Gods of the Land and of Grain. If just at this time we were to worship in their stead foreign Deities, it may be feared that we should incur the wrath of our National Gods.”
The Emperor said:—‘‘ Let it be given to Iname no Sukune, who has shown his willingness to take it, and, as an experi- ment, make him to worship it.”’
The Oho-omi knelt down and received it with joy. He enthroned it in his house at Oharida, where he diligently carried out the rites of retirement from the world, and on that score purified his house at Muku-hara and made it a Temple. After this a pestilence was rife in the Land, from which the people died prematurely. As time went on it became worse and worse, and there was no remedy. Okoshi, Mononobe no Ohomuraji, and Kamako, Nakatomi no Muraji, addressed the Emperor jointly, saying:—“ It was because thy servants’ advice on a former day was not approved that the people are dying thus of disease. If thou dost now retrace thy steps before matters have gone too far, joy will surely be the result! It will be well promptly to fling it away, and diligently to seek happiness in the future.”
The Emperor said:—‘‘ Let it be done as you advise.”’ Accord- ingly officials took the image of Buddha and abandoned it to the current of the Canal of Naniha. They also set fire to the Temple, and burnt it so that nothing was left. Hereupon, there being in the Heavens neither clouds nor wind, a sudden conflagration consumed the Great Hall (of the Palace).
This year Pekché abandoned Han-syong and Phyong-yang. Silla took advantage of this to make an entrance and to settle in Han-syong. These are the present Silla towns of U-to-pang'’ and Ni-mi-pang [these names of places are unclear].
14th year, Spring, ist month, 12th day. Peékché sent Kwa- 1 4B JA Jy and Je ii} Jy. Uto means Ox-head, and was no doubt taken from the name of the Mountain U-to-san. A commentator says:—“ Silla and Kory6 together attacked Pékché and took Han-syéng and Phyéng-yang. Han-sy6ng was made Utopang, and Phyéng-yang Ni-mi-pang.”
ya Chhi-chyu, Tok-sol of the Higher Division, the Han-sol, Nyé-sé-ton, and others to ask for troops.
15th day. The Pékché Envoys, Mok-hyop-keum-ton, Tok- sol of the Middle Division, and Kahachi Be no Asapita took ‘their departure.
Summer, 5th month, 7th day. The, following report was received from the province of Kahachi:—‘“‘ From within the sea at Chinu, in the district of Idzumi, there is heard a voice of Buddhist chants, which re-echoes like the sound of thunder, and a glory shines like the radiance of the sun.” In his heart the Emperor wondered at this, and sent Unate' no Atahe [here we have only Atahe, and the personal name is not given, probably owing to the error of some copyist] to go upon the sea and investigate the matter.
This month Unate no Atahe went upon the sea, and the result was that he discovered a log of camphor-wood shining brightly as it floated on the surface. At length he took it, and presented it to the Emperor, who gave orders to an artist to make of it two images of Buddha. These are the radiant camphor-wood images now in the Temple of Yoshino.
6th month. Uchi no Omi [the personal name not given | was sent on a mission to Pékché with a present of two good horses, two travelling barges, fifty bows, fifty sets” of arrows, and an Imperial message, saying:—‘“‘ As to the troops asked for by the King, his wishes shall be complied with.” A separate Imperial order was given, saying:—‘‘ The men learned in Medicine, in Divination,’ and in the calendar,* have to take it in turn to come up (to the Japanese Court) andto godown. The year and month having just now come for the above classes of men to be relieved, let them be sent with the Envoy on his return, so that they may be mutually exchanged. Let Us also be furnished with books of divination, calendars, and drugs of various kinds.”
Autumn, 7th month, 4th day. The Emperor visited the Palace of Magari in Kusunoki.
By order of the Emperor, Soga no: Oho-omi, Iname_ no 1 Or Misobe. 2 See above, p. 64, 3 By the “ Yih-King,” or Book of Changes. * The first mention of calendars in the “ Nihongi.”
KIMMEI. 69 Sukune, charged O-shin-mi' to keep an account of the shippingtax. He was accordingly made Chief over the ships, and the style* was granted him of Funa no Fumibito. He was the ancestor of the present Funa no Muraji.’
8th month, 7th day. Peékché sent Kwa-ya, Nasol of the Higher Division, with a man of Silla named Mun-hyu-thé-san, Ko-t6k of the Lower Division, and others, who presented a memorial to the Emperor, saying:—‘‘ Last year thy servants jointly sent Uchi no Omi, the Toék-sol Chha-chyu, with a High Official of Imna, to report to Your Majesty on the various Miyake beyond the sea. J have humbly awaited Your Majesty’s gracious commands as the herbs in spring look up for the refreshing showers. This year there is the unexpected news that Silla and Koma have made a common plan, saying: —‘ Pekché and Imna resort frequently to Japan, doubtless in order to ask for troops wherewith to invade our territories. If XIX. 39.
this be true, it will be the ruin of our country. Wemust be on the alert and watch. It may be hoped that we shall anticipate the Japanese troops and conquer Ara before they have started. We can then cut off their communications with Japan.’. Such is their plan. When thy servant heard this he was profoundly alarmed, and straightway dispatched a swift messenger and a light-sailing vessel speedily with a memorial informing you of this. I would humbly implore of the Celestial bounty that there may be speedily sent to our assistance in time for the autumn season, an army in two divisions, front and rear, one after the other, wherewith to make secure the Miyake beyond the sea. If they are later than this, our efforts will be as vain as the endeavour to bite one’s navel.
Thy servant will bear the expense of providing food and clothing for the troops which are sent, from the time of their arrival in his country. A similar arrangement would hold good on their arrivalin Imna. Butiftheir provisions are insufficient, thy servant will assuredly send supplies in aid and prevent there being any deficiency.”
A separate memorial said:—‘‘Ikuba no Omi, having reverently received the Imperial commands, came and com- 1 Of Corean extraction. 2 Lit. surname. 3 Secretary of Shipping.
BOO re ATre 7O NIHONGI.
forted thy servant’s frontier state. Ever attentive morning and evening, he sedulously discharged his various functions. Therefore the frontier States beyond the sea all celebrated his goodness, and wished that he might live for ten thousand years to give peace to the lands beyond the sea. Unfortunately he died, to our deep regret. And now who is there to direct the affairs of Imna? I humbly beg of the Celestial bounty that some one be sent to replace him and continue his service, so that Imna may have peace.
Moreover, the lands beyond the sea are very scarce of bows and horses. From old times until now, they have received them from the Emperor, and have therewith defended them- selves against their powerful enemies. I humbly pray the Celestial bounty to bestow on us a large supply of bows and horses.”
Winter, roth month, 2oth day. Y6-chhyang, son of the King of Pékché [King Wi-tok, son of King Myéng], led forth all the troops of the kingdom against the land of Koryo. Having thrown up entrenchments on the Pék-hap’ plain, he allowed his soldiers to sleep and eat. Looking out that evening over the great and fertile plain, with its level surface ex- tending far and wide, where few traces of man were to be seen, and not a dog was heard to bark, he all at once heard a sudden sound of fife and drum. Y6-chhyang was greatly astonished, and having beat his drums in response, kept strict watch all that night. At early dawn he got up and saw the broad plain covered everywhere with flags and banners, as a hill is covered with green foliage. When it became clear, a horseman appeared, wearing a gorget, two others carrying cymbals, and two with leopards’’ tails stuck on them—in all five horsemen. They advanced bit alongside of bit, and inquired, saying:— ‘** Some boys told us that in our plain strangers were staying. How could we avoid going out courteously to receive them? We now wish that you should speedily become acquainted with us, and therefore, according to etiquette, we would ask your name, age and rank.” Y6-chhyang answered and said:—‘‘ My name * The Interlinear Kana has naka tsu kami, i.e. the God of the middle.
The wolf and tiger are also called Gods.
KIMMEL. 71 is the same name;' my rank is that of Han-sol, and my age is twenty-nine.” Pekché having in turn made inquiry, an answer was given after the same manner. Finally marks’ were set up, and they fought together. Thereupon Pekché, with his spear, thrust down from his horse the Koryé warrior, and having cut off his head, raised it aloft on the point of his spear, returned to camp, and showed it to the troops. The Koryé generals were very indignant, while the shouts of joy of the Pékché men were like to rend asunder Heaven and Earth. Next some of the generals of auxiliary troops beat their drums, and engaging quickly in the fight, drove back the King of Koryé to the top of Mount Tong-syong.
15th year, ist month, 7th day.. The Imperial Prince, Nunakura Futo-dama-shiki no Mikoto, was raised to the position of Prince Imperial.
gth day. Pekché sent Mok-hyop Mun-chha, Si-tok of the Middle Division, and Wal-cha Pun-ok, Si-ték of the Former Division, to Tsukushi, to communicate with Uchi no Omi, Saheki no Muraji, and his colleagues. They said:—‘‘ The Tok-sol, Chha-chyu, with the Han-sol, Sé-ton, and the rest, arrived on the 4th day of the Intercalary month of last year and stated that the Omi [i.e. Uchi no Omi] and his colleagues would come in the first month of this year. But although they said so, it is still doubtful whether you are coming or not. Moreover, what of the number of the troops? We pray that you will inform us of their number, so that we may prepare cantonments in advance.”
In a separate communication, they said:—‘‘ We have just heard that thou, by command of the August Emperor, hast arrived in Tsukushi in charge of the troops bestowed on us by him. Nothing could compare with our joy when we heard this. The campaign of this year is a much more dangerous one than the last; and we beg that the force granted to us may not be allowed to be later than the first month.”
Hereupon Uchi no Omi answered in accordance with the commands of the Emperor:—‘‘ Accordingly there is being ‘ie. as your own. The Kory6 and Pékché kings were of the same family originally. ? Flags to indicate the field of combat—the lists.
ie NIHONGI.
sent an auxiliary force to the number of 1000 men, 100 horses, and 40 ships.”
2nd month. Pékché sent General Sam-kwi, Han-sol of the Lower Division, with Mononobe no O,' Nasol of the Senior Division, to ask for auxiliaries. They took the opportunity of offering Mak-ko, son of Tong-syéng,’ in exchange for the Nasol Wo6n, son of Tong-syéng, whose turn it had previously been,* and Wang Yang-kwi, a man learned in the five classics, in exchange for the Ko-tok, Ma Tyong-an, and the Buddhist priest Tam-hyé, and eight others in exchange for To-sim and six others.
Separately, in obedience to the Imperial commands, they brought the Si-ték, Wang To-nyang, a man learned in divination, the Ko-to6k, Wang Po-son, a man learned in the calendar, the Nasol, Wang-yu-neung-tha, a physician, the Si- t6k, Pén-nyang-phung, and the Ko-tok, Pyong-yu-tha,.herbalists, the Si-t6k, Sam-keun, the Kyé-tok, Kwi-ma-chha, the Kyé-tok,* Chin-no, and the Té-tok,’ Chin-tha, musicians, all which persons were exchanged according to request.
3rd month, 1st day. The Pekché envoys Mok-hyop Mun- chha, Si-tok of the Middle Division, and his colleagues took their departure.
Summer, 5th month, 3rd day. Uchi no Omi proceeded to Pékché in command of a naval force.
Winter, 12th month. Pékché sent Mun-sa Kan-no, Han- sol of the Lower Division, who presented a memorial, saying:—‘‘ Thy servants, Myong,. King of Pekché, the various Omi of Wa * resident in Ara, and the Kanki of all the provinces of Imna, beg to report to Your Majesty the unprincipled conduct of Silla, who, having no dread of the Emperor, has formed an alliance with Kory6, and designs to destroy. the Miyake North of the Sea. Thy servants having consulted together, sent Uchi no Omi and others to ask for troops 1 OQ is &, ie. Crow. Mononobe is Japanese. How the Coreans pro- nounced it is altogether uncertain.
2 A former King of Pékché.
3 To serve as hostage. See above, p. 62.
4 Tenth rank, green girdle. 5 Eleventh rank, yellow girdle.
6 The use of Wa for Japan in this passage is curious. Ifit is genuine, probably the earlier use of Nippon is retrospective.
KIMMEI. 73 wherewith to make war on Silla. Accordingly the Emperor sent Uchi no Omi in command of a force, which arrived in the sixth month. Thy servants were profoundly rejoiced, and on the ninth day of the twelfth month sent an expedition to attack Silla. Before this thy servant had sent Mononobe no Mak-ka- mu no Muraji,’ Governor of the Eastern Quarter, in command of the troops of that Quarter, to lay siege to the castle of Ham- san. The people brought over by Uchi no Omi, along with Mak-ka Wi-sa-kwi, Tsukushi no Mononobe, who were skilled in shooting fire-arrows, under the protection of the August spirits of the Emperors, set fire to the castle and took it at sunset on the ninth day of the month. Therefore I have sent a special envoy in a swift ship to make this report to Your Majesty.’’?
In a separate address he said:—‘“‘ If it were Silla alone, the troops under the command of Uchi no Omi would be sufficient.
But now Koma and Silla have joined their hearts and united.
their strength, so that success will be difficult. I humbly pray that all the troops of the Island of Tsukushi may be at once sent to the assistance of thy servant’s country, and also to the assistance of Imna. In that case we shall be successful.”