ARCTOPHYLAX, the Bear-keeper, a northern constellation, called also Boötes, according as the two adjacent constellations are called the Bears (_Arctos_, _Ursae_), or the Wagons (_Plaustra_). By a strange mixture of the two conceptions, this constellation is called _Arctophylax_ and _custos plaustri_ ("the wagon's guardian") in the same connection, _Thy._ 874. See BOÖTES.
ARCADIANS, the most ancient race of men, older than the moon, _H. Oet._ 1883; _Hip._ 786.
ARCADIAN BEARS, the constellations of the Great and Little Bears, which wheel round their course in the northern sky, but do not set, _H. Fur._ 129. See ARCTOS, BEARS, and CALLISTO.
ARCADIAN BOAR, captured by Hercules and brought alive to Eurystheus HERCULES.
ARCADIAN STAG, captured by Hercules, _H. Fur._ 222. See HERCULES.
ARCTOS, a name given to the double constellation of the Great and Little Bears, _Oed._ 507; called also Arcadian stars, _ibid._ 478. See BEARS and CALLISTO.
ARGO, the name of the ship in which the Greek heroes under Jason sailed to Colchis in quest of the golden fleece, _Med._ 361; chorus comments upon the rashness of the man who first intrusted his life to a ship, and recalls the adventure of the Argonautic heroes, _ibid._ *301; this voyage was impious, since it broke the law of the golden age, that the lands should be severed, not connected by the seas, _ibid._ 335; Tiphys was the builder and the pilot of the Argo, _ibid._ 3, 318; he was instructed by Minerva, patron goddess of the arts and crafts, _ibid._ 3, 365; the Argo had its keel made of wood from the talking oak of Dodona, _ibid._ 349; the sailing of the new ship described, _ibid._ *318; how it escaped the Symplegades, _ibid._ *341; the roll of the Argonautic heroes, "the bulwark of the Greeks, the offspring of the gods," _ibid._ *227; nearly all came to a violent death, _ibid._ *607.
ARGOS, the capital of Argolis, sacred to Juno, the home of heroes, _Agam._ 808; paid homage to Bacchus, after the favor of Juno had been won by him, _Oed._ 486.
ARIADNE, daughter of Minos, king of Crete; she fell in love with Theseus, and supplied him with a thread by which to find his way out of the labyrinth, _Hip._ 662; she fled with Theseus, but was ruined and deserted by him on the island of Naxos, _ibid._ 665; and there found and beloved by Bacchus, _Oed._ 448; who made her his wife and immortalized her by setting her as a constellation in the heavens, love of Theseus, _ibid._ 245.
ARIES, the golden-fleeced ram which bore Phrixus and Helle through the air, and which was afterward set in the heavens as one of the zodiacal ASTRAEA, the goddess of Justice, who lived among men during the golden age, but finally left the earth because of the sins of man, _Oct_.
424; she is the zodiacal constellation, Virgo, _H. Oet._ 69; called, incorrectly and perhaps figuratively, the mother of Somnus, _H. Fur._ 1068. See JUSTICE.
ASTYANAX (_Troades_), the young son of Hector and Andromache, pictured as leading his youthful playmates in joyful dance around the wooden horse, _Agam._ 634; compared with his father, Tro. 464; his death demanded by the Greeks, as announced by Calchas, _ibid._ 369; reasons for his death from the standpoint of the Greeks, _ibid._ 526; the doom of Astyanax announced to his mother, _ibid._ 620; she pathetically recounts all the activities into which he would have grown, but which must now be given up, _ibid._ *770; his death described by messenger, _ibid._ *1068.
ATLANTIADES, see PLEIADES.
ATLAS, a high mountain in the north-west of Libya, conceived as a giant upon whose head the heavens rested, _H. Oet._ 12, 1599; eased awhile of his burden by Hercules, _ibid._ 1905.
ATREUS (_Thyestes_), a son of Pelops, father of Agamemnon and Menelaüs, and brother of Thyestes, between whom and himself existed a deadly feud. He plans how he will avenge himself upon his brother, _Thy._ 176; describes his brother's sins against himself, _ibid._ 220; his revenge takes shape and expression, _ibid._ 260; the place and scene of his murder of the sons of Thyestes described at length, _ibid._ *650; he gloats over the horrible agony of his brother, _ibid._ 1057.
ATTIS, a young Phrygian shepherd, mourned by the priests of Cybele, _Agam._ 686.
AUGE, an Arcadian maiden, loved by Hercules, and mother by him of AUGĒAN STABLES, the stables of Augeas, king of Elis, containing three thousand head of cattle, and uncleansed for thirty years; they were cleaned by Hercules in a single day, _H. Fur._ 247.
AUGUSTUS, the first emperor of Rome; his rule cited by Seneca to Nero as a model of strong but merciful sway, _Oct._ *477; his bloody path to power described by Nero, _ibid._ *505; deified at death, _ibid._ 528.
AULIS, a seaport of Boeotia, the rendezvous of the Greek fleet, whence they sailed to Troy. Here they were stayed by adverse winds until they were appeased by the sacrifice of Iphigenia, _Agam._ 567; Tro. 164; the hostility of Aulis to all ships because her king, Tiphys, had met death on the Argonautic expedition, assigned as a reason for her detention of the Greek fleet, _Med._ 622. See IPHIGENIA.
B BACCHUS, son of Jupiter and Semele, the daughter of Cadmus. The unborn infant was saved from his dying mother who had been blasted by the escape the wrath of Juno, he was hid in Arabian (or Indian) Nysa, where, disguised as a girl, he was nourished by the nymphs, _Oed._ 418; in childhood captured by Tyrian pirates, who, frightened by marvelous manifestations of divine power on board their ship, leaped overboard and were changed into dolphins, _ibid._ *449; visited India, accompanied by Theban heroes, _ibid._ *113; _H. Fur._ 903; visited Lydia and sailed on the Pactolus, _Oed._ 467; conquered the Amazons and many other savage peoples, _ibid._ 469; god of the flowing locks, crowned with ivy, carrying the thyrsus, _ibid._ 403; _H. Fur._ 472; _Hip._ *753; marvelous powers of the thyrsus described, _Oed._ *491; attended by his foster father Silenus, _ibid._ 429; called 437; Nyctelius, _ibid._ 492; destroyed Lycurgus, king of Thrace, because of that king's opposition to him, _H. Fur._ 903; inspired his maddened worshipers, the women of Thebes, to rend Pentheus in pieces, _Oed._ 441, 483; helped Jupiter in war against the giants, _H. Fur._ 458; found Ariadne on island of Naxos, where she had been deserted by Theseus, made her his wife, and set her as a constellation in the in his praise, giving numerous incidents in his career, _Oed._ **403; won the favor of Juno and the homage of her city of Argos, _ibid._ 486; gained a place in heaven, _H. Oet._ 94. See ARIADNE, BASSARIDES, BROMIUS, NYCTELIUS, OGYGES, PENTHEUS, PROETIDES, SEMELE, SILENUS.
BASSARIDES, female worshipers of Bacchus, so called because they were clad in fox skins, _Oed._ 432. Hence Bacchus was called _Bassareus_.
BEARS, the northern constellations of the Great and Little Bears; they were forbidden by the jealous Juno to bathe in the ocean (an explanation of the fact that these constellations never set), _H. Oet._ 281, 1585; _Thy._ 477; _Med._ 405; have plunged into the sea under the influence of magic, _ibid._ 758; shall some day, by a reversal of nature's laws, plunge beneath the sea, _Thy._ 867; the Great Bear used for steering ships by the Greeks, the Little Bear by the Phoenicians, _Med._ 694. See ARCADIAN BEARS, ARCTOS, CALLISTO.
BELIAS, one of the Belides, or grand-daughters of Belus, the same as the Danaïdes, since Danaüs was the son of Belus, _H. Oet._ 960.
BELLONA, the bloody goddess of war, conceived of as dwelling in hell, _H. Oet._ 1312; haunts the palace of kings, _Agam._ 82.
BOEOTIA, land named from the heifer which guided Cadmus to the place where he should found his city, _Oed._ 722.
BOŌTES, the northern constellation of the Wagoner, driving his wagons, under which form also the two Bears are conceived, _Oct._ 233; _Agam._ 70; unable to set beneath the sea, _ibid._ 69; not yet known as a constellation in the golden age, _Med._ 315.
BRIAREUS, one of the giants pictured as storming heaven, _H. Oet._ 167.
BRISĒIS, a captive maiden, beloved by her captor, Achilles, from whom she was taken by Agamemnon, _Tro._ 194, 220, 318.
_Britannicus_, son of the emperor Claudius and Messalina, brother of Octavia, and stepbrother of Nero, by whom, at the instigation of Agrippina, the mother of Nero, he was murdered, in order that Nero might have undisputed succession to the throne, _Oct._ 47, 67, *166, 242, 269.
BROMIUS (the "noisy one"), an epithet of Bacchus, on account of the noisy celebration of his festivals, _Hip._ 760.
BRUTUS, the friend of Julius Caesar, and yet the leader of the conspirators against him, _Oct._ 498.
BUSĪRIS, a king of Egypt who sacrificed strangers upon his altars, and 26; Alcmena fears that a possible son of his may come to vex the earth now that Hercules is dead, _ibid._ 1787.
C CADMEÏDES, daughters of Cadmus, e. g., Agave, Autonoë, Ino, who in their madness tore Pentheus in pieces, _H. Fur._ 758.
CADMUS, son of Agenor, the king of Phoenicia. Being sent by his father to find his lost sister, Europa, with the command not to return unless successful, he wandered over the earth in vain, and at last founded a land of his own (Boeotia), guided thither by a heifer sent by Apollo.
Here he kills the great serpent sacred to Mars, sows its teeth in the earth from which armed men spring up, _Oed._ **712; _H. Fur._ 917; _Phoen._ 125; he was at last himself changed to a serpent, _H. Fur._ 392; his house was cursed, so that no king of Thebes from Cadmus on held the throne in peace and happiness, _Phoen._ 644.
CAESAR, Julius, quoted as a mighty general, unconquered in war, but slain by the hands of citizens, _Oct._ 500.
CALCHAS (_Troades_), a distinguished seer among the Greeks before Troy; his prophetic power described, _Tro._ *353; he decides that Polyxena must be sacrificed, _ibid._ 360.
CALLISTO, a nymph of Arcadia, beloved of Jove, changed into a bear by Juno, and set in the heavens by her lover as the constellation of the Great Bear, while her son Arcas was made the Little Bear, _H. Fur._ 6; is the constellation by which the Greek sailors guided their ships, _ibid._ 7; called the frozen Bear, _ibid._ 1139. See JUPITER, ARCTOS, BEARS.
CALPE, one side of a rocky passage rent by Hercules, thus letting the Mediterranean Sea into the outer ocean. Calpe was one of the so-called "pillars of Hercules," or Gibraltar, while the opposite mass in Africa from which it was rent was called Abyla, _H. Fur._ 237; _H. Oet._ 1240, 1253, 1569.
CANCER, the zodiacal constellation of the Crab, in which the sun is 1219, 1573.
CAPHEREUS, a cliff on the coast of Euboea, where Nauplius lured the Greek fleet to destruction by displaying false fires, _Agam._ 560. See NAUPLIUS.
CAPNOMANTĪA, a method of divining by observation of the smoke of the sacrifice, described, _Oed._ *325.
CASSANDRA (_Agamemnon_), beloved by Apollo, but false to him; for this, the gift of prophecy bestowed by him was made of no avail by his decree that she should never be believed, _Tro._ 34; _Agam._ 255, 588; given by lot to Agamemnon in the distribution of the captives, _Tro._ 978; raves in prophetic frenzy and describes the murder of Agamemnon in progress, _Agam._ *720; is led away to death, rejoicing in the prospect, and predicting the death of Clytemnestra and Aegisthus, _ibid._ 1004.
CASTOR, one of the twin sons of Jupiter and Leda, wife of Tyndarus, king of Sparta; his brother was Pollux, _Phoen._ 128; Castor was the rider of the famous horse, Cyllarus, given to him by Juno, _Hip._ 810; the twins were members of the Argonautic expedition, _Med._ 230; called Tyndaridae, from the name of their reputed father, _H. Fur._ 14; Castor a famous horseman, Pollux, a famous boxer, _Med._ 89; the two were set as constellations in the sky to the grief of Juno, _Oct._ 208.
CAUCASUS, a rough mountain range between the Black and Caspian Seas, See PROMETHEUS.
CECROPS, the mythical founder and first king of Athens; hence the Athenians were called Cecropians, _Med._ 76; _Thy._ 1049.
CENAEUM, a promontory on the north-west point of the island of Euboea; here Hercules sacrificed to Jove, who was called Cenaean Jove from the position of his temple, after his victory over Eurytus, _H. Oet._ 102; while sacrificing here, Hercules donned the poisoned robe sent by CENTAURS, a race of wild people in Thessaly, half man, half horse, _H.
centaur, Nessus, killed by Hercules, _H. Oet._ *503 See CHIRON, NESSUS.
CERBERUS, the monstrous three-headed dog, guardian of hades, _Thy._ 16; to have broken out of hades, and to be wandering abroad in the Theban land, _Oed._ 171; his clanking chains heard on earth, _ibid._ 581; Hercules, in the accomplishment of his twelfth labor, brought the dog *50, 547; Theseus describes the dog in great detail, and how he was brought to the upper world by Hercules, _ibid._ *760; his actions in the light of day, _ibid._ *813. See HERCULES.
CERES, the daughter of Saturn, sister of Jupiter, mother of Proserpina, and goddess of agriculture; her vain and anxious search for her daughter, _H. Fur._ 659; taught Triptolemus the science of agriculture, _Hip._ 838; the mystic rites of her worship, _H. Fur._ 845. Her name used frequently by metonymy for grain. See ELEUSIN, PROSERPINA, TRIPTOLEMUS.
CEYX, king of Trachin who suffered death by shipwreck. His wife Alcyone, mourned him incessantly, until finally both he and she were CHAONIAN OAKS, a sacred grove in Chaonia of Epirus containing a temple and oracle of Jupiter, said to be the oldest oracle in Greece; the oracle was supposed to be given out by the oaks themselves, which were endowed with the miraculous power of speech, or by the doves which resorted there. These great "Chaonian trees" are used as a type of tall trees in general, _Oed._ 728; the "talking oak" of Chaonia, _H. Oet._ 1623. See DODONA.
CHARON, the aged man who ferries souls across the river Styx, _H. Fur._ 555; his personal appearance described by Theseus, _ibid._ *764; forced by Hercules to bear him across the Lethe (not Styx), _ibid._ *770; overwearied by his toil of transporting such throngs of Theban dead, _Oed._ 166; charmed by the music of Orpheus, _H. Oet._ 1072; Cassandra prophesies that his skiff shall on that day carry two royal souls across the river of death, _Agam._ 752.
CHARYBDIS, a whirlpool between Italy and Sicily, opposite to Scylla, alternately sucking in and vomiting up the sea, _Med._ 408; _H. Oet_.
CHIMAERA, a monster combining a lion, a dragon, and a goat, which vomited forth fire, _Med._ 828.
CHIRON, a centaur dwelling in a cavern on Mt. Pelion, famous for his knowledge of plants, medicine, and divination. To his training was intrusted the young Jason, Hercules, Aesculapius, and Achilles, _H.
Fur._ 971; _Tro._ 832; set in the sky as the zodiacal constellation of Sagittarius, the "Archer," _Thy._ 860.
CHRYSĒIS, the daughter of Chryses, a priest of Apollo at Chrysa. She was taken captive by the Greeks and fell to the lot of Agamemnon, who, being forced by a pestilence sent by Apollo to give her up, claimed Briseïs, the captive maid of Achilles. Hence arose a deadly strife between the two, _Tro._ 223. See ACHILLES.
CIRRHA, a very ancient town in Phocis, near Delphi, where were the famous temple and oracle of Apollo, _Oed._ 269; _H. Oet._ 92, 1475.
CITHAERON, a mountain near Thebes where the infant Oedipus had been exposed, _Phoen._ 13; the scene of many wild and tragic deeds. See ACTAEON, AGAVE, DIRCE, PENTHEUS.
CLAUDIUS, the fourth Roman emperor, father of Octavia, murdered by his CLOTHO, one of the three fates or Parcae, supposed to hold the distaff CLYTEMNESTRA (_Agamemnon_), the daughter of Tyndarus and Leda, wife of Agamemnon, mother of Orestes, Iphigenia, and Electra. During the absence of her husband at the Trojan War, she engaged in a guilty conspiracy with Aegisthus to murder Agamemnon. She deliberates whether she shall give up her course of crime or carry it out to the end, _Agam._ 108; tests the courage and determination of Aegisthus _ibid._ 239; her murder of Agamemnon prophesied and described by Cassandra, _ibid._ *734. See AGAMEMNON and AEGISTHUS.
COCȲTUS, "the river of lamentation," a gloomy, repulsive river of the river over which spirits cross to the land of the dead, _ibid._ 870.
COLCHIAN BULL, the fire-breathing monster which Jason was set to tame and yoke to the plow; Medea claims to have preserved some of his fiery breath for her magic uses, _Med._ 829.
COLCHIAN WOMAN, See MEDEA.
CREON (_Medea_), king of Corinth, to whose court Jason and Medea fled after they were driven out of Thessaly; father of Creüsa, for whom he selected Jason as a husband, decreeing the banishment of Medea; headstrong and arbitrary, he breaks the most sacred ties to work his own will, _Med._ 143; after a stormy interview with Medea, he finally allows her a single day of respite from exile, _ibid._ *190; called the son of Sisyphus, _ibid._ 512; his death and that of his daughter by means of magic fire announced and described, _ibid._ *879.
CREON (_Oedipus_), a Theban prince, brother of Queen Jocasta, _Oed._ 210; sent by Oedipus to consult the oracle as to the cause of the plague at Thebes, he reports that it is because of the unavenged murder of their former king, Laïus, _ibid._ *210; he returns from necromantic rites which Tiresias had performed, and announces that Oedipus himself is guilty of the murder of Laïus. He is thereupon thrown into prison by Oedipus on the charge of conspiracy with Tiresias, _ibid._ *509; slain by the usurper, Lycus, as described by his daughter, Megara, who had been given as wife to Hercules, _H. Fur._ 254.
CRETAN BULL, a wild bull of prodigious size, which laid waste the island of Crete; caught and taken alive to Eurystheus by Hercules as his seventh labor, _H. Fur._ 230; _Agam._ 833; See HERCULES.
CREŪSA (_Medea_), daughter of Creon, king of Corinth, for whom Creon chose Jason as husband, _Med._ 105; Jason's wife, Medea, bitterly protests that Creüsa shall not bear brothers to her children, _ibid._ 509; Jason is charged by his wife with love for Creüsa, _ibid._ 495; Medea prepares a magic robe as a present for Creüsa by which she shall be burned to death, _ibid._ *816; Creüsa's death announced and CRISPĪNUS, a Roman knight, the husband of Poppaea, _Oct._ 731.
CUPID, the god of love, son of Venus; addressed and characterized by Deianira, _H. Oet._ *541; all powerful over the hearts of gods and men, _Hip._ *185; hymn recounting his wide sway, with special instances of his irresistible power, _ibid._ **275; his dire power, _Oct._ 806; there is no such god; he is created by the error of men, who seek to hide their own lustful passions behind such a being, _ibid._ **557; _Hip._ **275.
CYBELE, a goddess worshiped in the Phrygian groves, _Hip._ 1135; the pines of Ida were sacred to her, _Tro._ 72; crowned with a turreted crown, her worship described, _Agam._ 686.
CYCLOPES, a fabulous race of giants on the coast of Sicily, having each but one eye in the middle of the forehead; they are said to have built the walls of Mycenae, _H. Fur._ 997; _Thy._ 407; Polyphemus, one of the Cyclopes, is pictured as sitting on a crag of Mt. Aetna, _ibid._ 582.
CYCNUS, a son of Mars, slain by Hercules, _H. Fur._ 485.
CYCNUS, a son of Neptune, slain by Achilles and changed at the moment CYLLARUS, a famous horse which Juno received from Neptune and presented to Castor, _Hip._ 811.
CYNOSŪRA, the constellation of the Lesser Bear, _Thy._ 872.
D DAEDALUS, an Athenian architect, the father of Icarus, in the time of Theseus and Minos. He helped Pasiphaë, wife of Minos, to accomplish her unnatural desires, _Hip._ 120; built the labyrinth for the Minotaur, _ibid._ 122, 1171; story of his escape from Crete on wings which he himself had constructed _Oed._ *822; safe because he pursued a middle DANAË, daughter of Acrisius, and mother of Perseus by Jupiter who approached her in the form of a golden shower, _Oct._ 207, 772. See PERSEUS.
DANAÏDES, the fifty daughters of Danaüs, brother of Aegyptus. These fifty daughters, being forced to marry the fifty sons of Aegyptus, slew their husbands on their wedding night, with the single exception of Hypermnestra, _H. Fur._ 498; their punishment in hades for this crime was the task of filling a bottomless cistern with water carried in sieves, _ibid._ 757; Medea summons these to her aid in getting vengeance upon her own husband, _Med._ 749; Deianira would fill up the vacant place in their number left by the absence of Hypermnestra, _H.
Oet._ 948; called also Belides, _ibid._ 960. See BELIAS, HYPERMNESTRA.
DARDANUS, the son of Jupiter and Electra, one of the ancestors of the royal house of Troy. He is represented as exulting in hades over the impending doom of Agamemnon, the enemy of his house, _Agam._ 773.
DAULIAN BIRD, i. e., Philomela, who was changed into a nightingale after the sad tragedy connected with her name, which was enacted at Daulis, a city of Phocis. She mourns continually, in her bird form, for Itys, _H. Oet._ 192. See PHILOMELA and ITYS.
DEIANĪRA (_Hercules Oetaeus_), the daughter of Oeneus, king of Calydonia, sister of Meleager, wife of Hercules, and mother of Hyllus, pictured as playing with her maidens on the banks of the Acheloüs, _H.
Oet._ 586; relates to her nurse the affair of her abduction by Nessus, _ibid._ *500; her wild rage when she hears of Hercules' infatuation for Iole, _ibid._ 237; ignorant of its real power, she prepares to send the charmed robe to Hercules, _ibid._ *535; she gives it to Lichas to bear to his master, _ibid._ 569; makes test of the remnant of the poisoned blood of Nessus after the anointed robe has been sent away and is horrified to discover its terrible power, _ibid._ *716; later learns from Hyllus the terrible effects of the poison on Hercules, _ibid._ *742; she prays for death, _ibid._ 842; begs Hyllus to slay her, _ibid._ 984; goes distracted and seems to see the furies approaching, _ibid._ 1002; her death by her own hand reported by Hyllus, _ibid._ 1420.
DEÏDAMĪA, daughter of Lycomedes, king of Scyros, and mother of Pyrrhus by Achilles while the latter was hiding in the disguise of maidens' garments at that court, _Tro._ 342.
DEÏPHOBUS, a son of Priam and Hecuba and husband of Helen after the death of Paris; slain and mangled by the Greeks through the treachery of his wife, _Agam._ 749.
DELOS, a small island in the Aegean Sea, formerly floating about from place to place, in which condition it became the birthplace of Apollo and Diana, _H. Fur._ 453; made firm at the command of Diana, _Agam._ 384.
DELPHIC ORACLE, the famous oracle of Apollo at Delphi in Phocis; expressed in enigmatic form, _Oed._ 214; the giving-out of an oracle DEUCALION, son of Prometheus, husband of Pyrrha; this pair were alone saved of all mankind from the flood, _Tro._ 1039. See PYRRHA.
DIĀNA, daughter of Jupiter and Latona; twin sister of Apollo, _H.
Fur._ 905; hymn in praise of, _Agam._ *367; caused her native Delos to be a firm island, _ibid._ 369; punished Niobe for her impiety, _ibid._ 375; conceived as in triple manifestation, _Luna_ or _Phoebe_ in heaven, _Diana_ on earth, and _Hecate_ in hades, _Hip._ 412; hence called _Trivia_ and worshiped where three ways meet, _Agam._ 367; Hippolytus prays to her as goddess of the chase, _Hip._ 54; her wide sway described, ibid. *54; nurse of Phaedra prays that she may turn Hippolytus to love, _ibid._ 406; in form of Luna, an object of attack by Thessalian witchcraft, _ibid._ 421; being slighted by Oeneus, king of Aetolia or Calydon, she sent a huge boar to ravage the country.
Hence Pleuron, a city of Aetolia, is said to be hostile to her, _Tro._ 827.
DICTYNNA, "goddess of the nets," an epithet applied to Diana, _Med._ 795; assumed from Britomartys, a Cretan nymph, sometimes called the Cretan Diana, who, to escape from the pursuit of her lover, leaped over a cliff into the sea, where she fell into a fishing-net.
DIOMĒDES, a bloody king of the Bistones, in Thrace, who fed his captives to fierce, man-eating horses which he kept in his stalls, _H.
Oet._ 1538; _Tro._ 1108; Hercules, as his eighth labor, captured these horses, having previously fed their master to them, _Agam._ 842; _H.
Fur._ 226, 1170; Alomena fears that she may be given to these horses now that Hercules is dead, _H. Oet._ 1790. See HERCULES.
DIRCE, the wife of Lycus, king of Thebes, who, on account of her cruelty to Antiope, was tied by her sons, Zethus and Amphion, by the hair to a wild bull, and so dragged to death on Mt. Cithaeron, _Phoen._ 19; changed to a fountain of the same name, _ibid._ 126; _H. Fur._ 916; the water of this fountain was said to flow with blood at the time of the great plague at Thebes, _Oed._ 177.
DISCORD, one of the furies, summoned by Juno from hades to drive Hercules to madness, _H. Fur._ 93; her abode described, _ibid._ *93.
DODŌNA, a city of Chaonia in Epirus, famous for its ancient oracle of Jupiter, situated in a grove of oaks. The oracle was given in some mysterious way as if by the talking of these sacred oaks, _H. Oet._ 1473; Minerva aided in the construction of the Argo, and set in the prow a piece of timber cut from the speaking oak of Dodona, and this piece had itself the power of giving oracles; hence the "voice" which it is said that the Argo lost through fear of the clashing Symplegades, _Med._ 349. See CHAONIAN OAKS.
DOMITIUS, the father of Nero, _Oct._ 249.
DRAGON, (1) the guardian of the apples of the Hesperides, slain by Hercules, and afterward set in the heavens as the constellation, Draco, lying between the two Bears, _Thy._ 870; _Med._ 694; (2) the dragon of Colchis, guardian of the Golden Fleece, put to sleep by the magic of Medea, _Med._ 703; (3) dragon sacred to Mars killed by Cadmus near the site of his destined city of Thebes. The teeth of this dragon were sown in the earth by Cadmus, and from these armed men sprung up, _Oed._ **725; _H. Fur._ 260; a part of these same teeth were sown by Jason in Colchis with a similar result, _Med._ 469; the brothers who sprang up against Cadmus are described as living in hades, _Oed._ 586.
DRUSUS, Livius, the fate of, _Oct._ 887, 942.
E ECHO, a nymph who pined away to a mere voice for unrequited love of Narcissus. She dwells in mountain caves, and repeats the last words of all that is said in her hearing, _Tro._ 109.
ELECTRA (_Agamemnon_), daughter of Agamemnon and Clytemnestra, and sister of Orestes; gives her brother to Strophius, king of Phocis, that he may be rescued from death at the hands of Clytemnestra and Aegisthus, _Agam._ 910; defies her mother, and scorns both her threats and those of Aegisthus, _ibid._ 953; is taken away to imprisonment, _ibid._ 1000; Octavia compares her woes with Electra's, to the advantage of the latter, _Oct._ 60.
ELEUSIN, an ancient city of Attica, famous for its mysteries of Ceres, of the mysteries described, _H. Fur._ *842. See CERES, TRIPTOLEMUS.
ELYSIUM, the abode of the blest in the spirit world, _Tro._ 159, 944; _H. Oet._ 1916; _H. Fur._ 744; Deianira thinks that she should be expelled from Elysium by all faithful wives, _H. Oet._ 956.
ENCELADUS, one of the giant Titans who attempted to dethrone Jove, 1159, 1735.
ERIDANUS, the mythical and poetical name of the river Po, _H. Oet._ 186. See PHAËTHONTIADES.
FURIES.
ERYX, the son of Butes and Venus, a famous boxer, overcome by Hercules, _H. Fur._ 481; a mountain in Sicily, said to have been named from the ETEOCLES (_Phoenissae_), one of the two sons of Oedipus and Jocasta.
After Oedipus went into voluntary banishment, abandoning the throne of Thebes (_Phoen._ 104), Eteocles and Polynices agreed to reign alternately, each a year. Eteocles, the elder, first ascended the throne, but when his year was up refused to give way to his brother, EUMENIDES ("the gracious ones"), a euphemistic name for the furies, _H.
EURŌPA, daughter of Agenor, king of Tyre, beloved of Jupiter, who, in the form of a bull, carried her away to Crete, _Oct._ 206, 766; _H.
Oet._ 550; this episode is immortalized by the constellation of Taurus, which rises in April, _H. Fur._ 9; sought in vain by her brother Cadmus, _Oed._ 715; the continent of Europe named after her, _Agam._ EURYBATES (_Agamemnon_), a messenger of Agamemnon who announces the victory of the Greeks over Troy, and the near approach of the hero to Mycenae, _Agam._ 392; he relates at great length the sufferings of the Greek fleet by storm and shipwreck on the homeward voyage, _ibid._ *421.
EURYDICE, the wife of Orpheus, slain by a serpent's sting on her wedding day; story of Orpheus' quest for her in hades, _H. Fur._ *569; rescued by Orpheus from the lower world, but lost again, _H. Oet._ *1084. See ORPHEUS.
EURYSTHEUS, the son of Sthenelus and grandson of Perseus, who, by a trick of Juno, was given power over Hercules, and, at Juno's instance, time of punishment will come, _ibid._ 1973.
EURYTUS, king of Oechalia and father of Iole, _H. Oet._ 1490; he and his house destroyed by Hercules because he refused the latter's suit F FESCENNINE, of Fescennia, an ancient town of Etruria, famous for a species of coarse, jeering dialogues in verse which bear its name, _Med._ 113.
FORTUNE, the goddess of fate, ruling over the affairs of men, _H. Fur._ FURIES, avenging goddesses, dwelling in hades, set to punish and torment men both on earth and in the lower world; described and appealed to for aid in punishment of Jason, _Med._ 13; Juno plots to summon them from hades in order to drive Hercules to madness, _H.
Fur._ 86; described as to their horrible physical aspect, _ibid._ 87; described in clairvoyant vision by Cassandra, _Agam._ *759; moving in bands, _Thy._ 78, 250; _Med._ 958; one of the furies used as a character in dramatic prologue, driving the ghost of Thyestes on to perform his mission, _Thy._ *23. See EUMENIDES, ERINYES, MEGAERA, TISIPHONE.
G GEMINI, the zodiacal constellation of the Twins, Castor and Pollux, _Thy._ 853.
GERYON, a mythical king in Spain having three bodies; Hercules slew him and brought his famous cattle to Eurystheus as his tenth labor, HERCULES.
GHOSTS. The ghost appears as a _dramatis persona_ in the following plays: _Agamemnon_, in which the ghost of Thyestes appears in the prologue to urge Aegisthus on to fulfil his mission; _Thyestes_, in which the ghost of Tantalus similarly appears in the prologue; _Octavia_, in which the ghost of Agrippina appears. In the following plays the ghost affects the action though not actually appearing upon the stage: _Troades_, in which the ghost of Achilles is reported to have appeared to the Greeks and demanded the sacrifice of Polyxena, 168 ff.; Andromache also claims to have seen the ghost of Hector warning her of the impending fate of Astyanax, 443 ff.; _Oedipus_, in which the ghost of Laïus and other departed spirits are described as set free by the necromancy of Tiresias, 582 ff.; _Medea_, in which the mangled ghost of Absyrtus seems to appear to the distracted Medea, 963; ghosts appear larger than mortal forms, _Oed._ 175.
GIANTS, monstrous sons of Earth, fabled to have made war upon the gods, scaling heaven by piling mountains (Pelion, Ossa, and Olympus) one on overthrown by the thunderbolt of Jupiter, _H. Oet._ 1302; _Oed._ 91; with the help of Hercules, _H. Oet._ 1215; buried under Sicily, _ibid._ 1309; seem to the mad Hercules to be again in arms, and to be hurling mountains, _H. Fur._ 976; after death of Hercules there is danger that they will again pile up mountains and scale heaven, _H. Oet._ 1139, *1151. See BRIAREUS, ENCELADUS, GYAS, MIMAS, OTHRYS, TYPHOEUS, TITANS.
GOLDEN AGE, the first age of mankind, when peace and innocence reigned GOLDEN-FLEECED RAM, (1) the ram on which Phrixus and his sister, Helle, escaped from Boeotia; as they fled through the air Helle fell off into the sea, _Tro._ 1035; on arrival at Colchis Phrixus sacrificed the ram and gave his wonderful fleece to King Aeëtes, who hung it in a tree sacred to Mars. This fleece was the prize sought by the Argonauts under Jason, _Med._ 361, 471. See PHRIXUS, HELLE, ARGONAUTS. (2) The emblem and pledge of sovereignty in the house of Pelops, _Thy._ *225.
GORGON, Medusa, one of the three daughters of Phorcys, whose head was covered with snaky locks, and sight of whom had power to turn to stone.
She was killed by Perseus, and her head presented to Minerva who fixed it upon her shield, _H. Oet._ 96; _Agam._ 530. See PERSEUS.
GRACCHI, two popular leaders of the Sempronian gens, quoted as examples of men brought to ruin by popular renown, _Oet._ 882.
GRADĪVUS, a surname of Mars, _H. Fur._ 1342.
GYAS, one of the giants who sought to dethrone Jove, _H. Oet._ 167, 1139.
H HADES, the place of departed spirits, situated in the under world; the upper world entrance to, and downward-leading passage, _H. Fur._ 662; description of, _ibid._ 547; Theseus, returned with Hercules from hades, describes in great detail the places and persons of the lower world, _ibid._ **658; chorus sings of the world of the dead and of the thronging peoples who constantly pour into its all-holding