higher planes, infinitely higher planes, of life than this thou art now travelling on. Know that the goal is distant, and is upward, and is worthy all your life’s efforts to attain to.” And then it ceased, and though I sat some minutes longer I heard nothing more.
There is every variety and degree of inspiration from mere fullness of life to the most rapt mood. A human soul is played on even as this wire, which now vibrates slowly and gently so that the passer can hardly hear it, and anon the sound swells and vibrates with such intensity as if it would rend the wire, as far as the elasticity and tension of the wire permits, and now it dies away and is silent, and though the breeze continues to sweep over it, no strain comes from it, and the traveller hearkens in vain. It is no small gain to have this wire stretched through Concord, though there may be no office here. Thus I make my own use of the telegraph, without consulting the directors, like the sparrows, which I perceive use it extensively for a perch. Shall I not go to this office to hear if there is any communication for me, as steadily as to the post-office in the village?[370] I can hardly believe that there is so great a difference between one year and another as my journal shows. The 11th of this month last year, the river was as high as it commonly is in the spring, over the causeway on the Corner road. It is now quite low. Last year, October 9th, the huckleberries were fresh and abundant on Conantum. They are now already dried up.
We yearn to see the mountains daily, as the Israelites yearned for the promised land, and we daily live the fate of Moses, who only looked into the promised land from Pisgah before he died.
On Monday, the 15th instant, I am going to perambulate the bounds of the town. As I am partial to across-lot routes, this appears to be a very proper duty for me to perform, for certainly no route can well be chosen which shall be more across-lot, since the roads in no case run round the town but ray out from its centre, and my course will lie across each one. It is almost as if I had undertaken to walk round the town at the greatest distance from its centre and at the same time from the surrounding villages. There is no public house near the line. It is a sort of reconnoissance of its frontiers authorized by the central government of the town, which will bring the surveyor in contact with whatever wild inhabitant or wilderness its territory embraces.
This appears to be a very ancient custom, and I find that this word “perambulation” has exactly the same meaning that it has at present in Johnson and Walker’s dictionary. A hundred years ago they went round the towns of this State every three years. And the old selectmen tell me that, before the present split stones were set up in 1829, the bounds were marked by a heap of stones, and it was customary for each selectman to add a stone to the heap.
Saw a pigeon-place on George Heywood’s cleared lot,—the six dead trees set up for the pigeons to alight on, and the brush house close by to conceal the man. I was rather startled to find such a thing going now in Concord. The pigeons on the trees looked like fabulous birds with their long tails and their pointed breasts. I could hardly believe they were alive and not some wooden birds used for decoys, they sat so still; and, even when they moved their necks, I thought it was the effect of art. As they were not catching then, I approached and scared away a dozen birds who were perched on the trees, and found that they were freshly baited there, though the net was carried away, perchance to some other bed. The smooth sandy bed was covered with buckwheat, wheat or rye, and acorns. Sometimes they use corn, shaved off the ear in its present state with a knife. There were left the sticks with which they fastened the nets. As I stood there, I heard a rushing sound and, looking up, saw a flock of thirty or forty pigeons dashing toward the _trees_, who suddenly whirled on seeing me and circled round and made a new dash toward the bed, as if they would fain alight if I had not been there, then steered off. I crawled into the bough house and lay awhile looking through the leaves, hoping to see them come again and feed, but they did not while I stayed. This net and bed belong to one Harrington of Weston, as I hear. Several men still take pigeons in Concord every year; by a method, methinks, extremely old and which I seem to have seen pictured in some old book of fables or symbols, and yet few in Concord know exactly how it is done. And yet it is all done for money and because the birds fetch a good price, just as the farmers raise corn and potatoes. I am always expecting that those engaged in such a pursuit will be somewhat less grovelling and mercenary than the regular trader or farmer, but I fear that it is not so.
Found a violet, apparently _Viola cucullata_, or hood-leaved violet, in bloom in Baker’s Meadow beyond Pine Hill; also the _Bidens cernua_, nodding burr-marigold, with five petals, in same place. Went through the old corn-field on the hillside beyond, now grown up to birches and hickories,—woods where you feel the old corn-hills under your feet; for these, not being disturbed or levelled in getting the crop, like potato-hills, last an indefinite while; and by some they are called Indian corn-fields, though I think erroneously, not only from their position in rocky soil frequently, but because the squaws probably, with their clamshells or thin stones or wooden hoes, did not hill their corn more than many now recommend.
What we call woodbine is the _Vitis hederacea_, or common creeper, or American ivy.
When I got into the Lincoln road, I perceived a singular sweet scent in the air, which I suspected arose from some plant now in a peculiar state owing to the season, but though I smelled everything around, I could not detect it, but the more eagerly I smelled, the further I seemed to be from finding it; but when I gave up the search, again it would be wafted to me. It was one of the sweet scents which go to make the autumn air, which fed my sense of smell rarely and dilated my nostrils. I felt the better for it. Methinks that I possess the sense of smell in greater perfection than usual, and have the habit of smelling of every plant I pluck. How autumnal is the scent of ripe grapes now by the roadside![371] From the pond-side hill I perceive that the forest leaves begin to look rather rusty or brown. The pendulous, drooping barberries are pretty well reddened. I am glad when the berries look fair and plump. I love to gaze at the low island in the pond,—at any island or inaccessible land. The isle at which you look always seems fairer than the mainland on which you stand.
I had already bathed in Walden as I passed, but now I forgot that I had been wetted, and wanted to embrace and mingle myself with the water of Flint’s Pond this warm afternoon, to get wet inwardly and deeply.
Found on the shore of the pond that singular willow-like herb in blossom, though its petals were gone. It grows up two feet from a large woody horizontal root, and droops over to the sand again, meeting which, it puts out a myriad rootlets from the side of its stem, fastens itself, and curves upward again to the air, thus spanning or looping itself along. The bark just above the ground thickens into a singular cellular or spongy substance, which at length appears to crack nearer the earth, giving that part of the plant a winged and somewhat four-sided appearance. It appears to be the cellular tissue, or what is commonly called the green bark, and likewise invests the root to a great thickness, somewhat like a fungus, and is of a fawn-color. The _Lythrum verticillatum_, or swamp loosestrife, or grass poly, but I think better named, as in Dewey, swamp-willow-herb.
The prinos berries are pretty red. Any redness like cardinal-flowers, or poke, or the evening sky, or cheronæa, excites us as a red flag does cows and turkeys.
_Sept. 13._ Railroad causeway, before sunrise.
Here is a morning after a warm, clear, moonlight night almost entirely without dew or fog. It has been a little breezy through the night, it is true; but why so great a difference between this and other mornings of late? I can walk in any direction in the fields without wetting my feet.
I see the same rays in the dun, buff, or fawn-colored sky now, just twenty minutes before sunrise, though they do not extend quite so far as at sundown the other night. Why these rays? What is it divides the light of the sun? Is it thus divided by distant inequalities in the surface of the earth, behind which the other parts are concealed, and since the morning atmosphere is clearer they do not reach so far? Some small island clouds are the first to look red.
The cross-leaved polygala emits its fragrance as if at will. You are quite sure you smelled it and are ravished with its sweet fragrance, but now it has no smell. You must not hold it too near, but hold it on all sides and at all distances, and there will perchance be wafted to you sooner or later a very sweet and penetrating fragrance. What it is like you cannot surely tell, for you do not enjoy it long enough nor in volume enough to compare it. It is very likely that you will not discover any fragrance while you are rudely smelling at it; you can only remember that you once perceived it. Both this and the caducous polygala are now somewhat faded.
Now the sun is risen. The sky is almost perfectly clear this morning; not a cloud in the horizon. The morning is not pensive like the evening, but joyous and youthful, and its blush is soon gone. It is unfallen day. The Bedford sunrise bell rings sweetly and musically at this hour, when there is no bustle in the village to drown it. Bedford deserves a vote of thanks from Concord for it. It is a great good at these still and sacred hours, when towns can hear each other. It would be nought at noon.
_Sept. 14._ A great change in the weather from sultry to cold, from one thin coat to a thick coat or two thin ones.
2 P. M.—To Cliffs.
The dry grass yields a crisped sound to my feet. The white oak which appears to have made part of a hedge fence once, now standing in Hubbard’s fence near the Corner road, where it stretches along horizontally, is (one of its arms, for it has one running each way) two and a half feet thick, with a sprout growing perpendicularly out of it eighteen inches in diameter. The corn-stalks standing in stacks, in long rows along the edges of the corn-fields, remind me of stacks of muskets.
As soon as berries are gone, grapes come. The chalices of the _Rhexia Virginica_, deer-grass or meadow-beauty, are literally little reddish chalices now, though many still have petals,—little cream pitchers.[372] The caducous polygala in cool places is faded almost white. I see the river at the foot of Fair Haven Hill running up-stream before the strong cool wind, which here strikes it from the north. The cold wind makes me shudder after my bath, before I get dressed.
bloom.
_Sept. 15. Monday._ Ice in the pail under the pump, and quite a frost.
Commenced perambulating the town bounds. At 7.30 A. M. rode in company with —— and Mr. —— to the bound between Acton and Concord near Paul Dudley’s. Mr. —— told a story of his wife walking in the fields somewhere, and, to keep the rain off, throwing her gown over her head and holding it in her mouth, and so being poisoned about her mouth from the skirts of her dress having come in contact with poisonous plants.
At Dudley’s, which house is handsomely situated, with five large elms in front, we met the selectmen of Acton, —— —— and —— ——. Here were five of us. It appeared that we weighed, — —— I think about 160, —— or at Forest Hills Cemetery in Roxbury as being made of stones upon which they were careful to preserve the moss, so that it cannot be distinguished from a very old wall.
Found one intermediate bound-stone near the powder-mill drying-house on the bank of the river. The workmen there wore shoes without iron tacks.
He said that the kernel-house was the most dangerous, the drying-house next, the press-house next. One of the powder-mill buildings in Concord? The potato vines and the beans which were still green are now blackened and flattened by the frost.
END OF VOLUME II The Riverside Press H. O. HOUGHTON AND COMPANY CAMBRIDGE MASSACHUSETTS FOOTNOTES [1] [A new book is begun here, but the first date is that of May 12, 1850, on p. 7 (p. 8 of the original). The first entries may or may not belong to this year.]
[15] [This in regard to Breed and Newell is written in a fine hand at the top of the page, and probably belonged with something on the part torn out.]
[16] [See p. 40.]
[17] [Where Captain Samuel Wadsworth fell in a battle with the Indians, April 18, 1676.]
[20] I find that they are last year’s. The white pine has not blossomed.
[25] _Vide_ Kirby and Spence, vol. i.
[31] [In July, 1850, Thoreau went to Fire Island with other friends of Margaret Fuller to search for her remains. See _Cape Cod_, pp. 107, 108; Riv. 126, 127. See also next page.]
[32] [Part of draft of a letter to H. G. O. Blake, dated Aug. 9, 1850. Other parts follow. _Familiar Letters._] volume.]
[38] [Blake was at the time living in Milton, Mass.]
283.]
[46] [An example of Thoreau’s practice work,—the same story told in two forms. For its final form see _Cape Cod_, p. 88; Riv. 103, 104.]
[54] Wild holly?
[55] [Charles Dunbar was Thoreau’s uncle. See Sanborn, pp. 21-23, 92, 93; also _Journal_, vol. iv, Jan. 1, 1853, and vol. viii, Apr.
3, 1856.]
[56] [Channing, p. 293 (as prose).]
[68] [See pp. 49-51.]
of this volume.]
[72] [_Walden_, p. 265 (Riv. 372, 373), where October is the month named.]
[73] It reached its height in ’52, and has now fallen decidedly in the fall of ’53.
285, 286.]
[92] [See p. 161.]
[103] [Evidently cocoons of the Promethea moth.]
[107] [_Five Years of a Hunter’s Life in the Far Interior of South Africa_, 1850.]
[110] [Thoreau supplies the word.]
[113] [The brackets are Thoreau’s.]
260.]
[117] [The bracketed words are Thoreau’s.]
[121] The fresh ruins of Nauvoo, the bright brick towns.
Davenport?
[123] [Arnold Guyot, _The Earth and Man_. Translated by C. C.
Felton.]
[124] My own.
[137] [See p. 300.]
[142] [See p. 107.]
280-282.]
[153] [Supplied by Thoreau.]
[154] [Blackwell, _Court of Augustus_; quoted by De Quincey in a note.]
177-179.]
179, 180.]
183-185.]
[160] [The brackets are Thoreau’s.]
185, 186.]
178.]
276.]
[168] [Supplied by Thoreau.]
[169] [The bracketed portions in both cases are Thoreau’s.]
[180] Ivy?
[181] Golden senecio.
[182] Corydalis.
[183] [Doubtless Blue Hill is meant, not the lower eminence known as Milton Hill.]
[185] [Supplied by Thoreau.]
[186] Bigelow got this from Kalm. _Vide_ extract from Kalm.
[195] [The first mention in the Journal of a bird the identity of which Thoreau seems never to have made out. See _Journal_, vol. i, Introduction, p. xlvi.]
[196] [That is, Darwin.]
[198] [The brackets are Thoreau’s.]
[199] [The word is supplied by Thoreau.]
[201] Toad.
Riv. 274.]
[203] [Otherwise spelled “cucuyo,” a West Indian firefly.]
[205] How quietly we entertain the possibility of joy, of recreation, of light into [_sic_] our souls! We should be more excited at the pulling of a tooth.
[207] [No water is used in producing the sound. Thoreau had been misinformed by one of his neighbors. See _Excursions_, p. 111; Riv. 137.]
[208] Toad?
[210] [_Rough Notes of Journeys in the Pampas and Andes._] [211] [Supplied by Thoreau.]
[212] [Bigelow, in his _Florula Bostoniensis_, says of this plant, now generally called the evening-primrose, “In the country it is vulgarly known by the name of _Scabish_, a corruption probably of _Scabious_, from which however it is a very different plant.”
Josselyn gives a quaint description of it under the name of Lysimachus or Loose-strife in his _Two Voyages_, and says it “is taken by the English for Scabious.”]
[213] I have since heard some complete strains.
[214] Pale lobelia.
[215] [Evidently not _Aster miser_, or, as it is now called _A.
lateriflorus_, which flowers much later in the season.]
[216] [See p. 252.]
[217] [Night of June 12. See p. 249.]
276-279.]
279.]
[224] [Thoreau’s name for the field sparrow (_Spizella pusilla_, or, as it was called by Nuttall, _Fringilla juncorum_). He had the name from his old friend Minott.]
[227] [See p. 155.]
[232] [The field sparrow. See _Journal_, vol. i, p. 252, note.]
[235] [This is queried in pencil. See p. 278.]
[237] [His birthday was July 12.]
[240] [So Channing (p. 128), who calls it “one of Thoreau’s names for some bird, so named by the farmers.” The word as written is far from clear.]
[242] [Channing, pp. 126-128.]
footnote to the title, _Twice-Told Tales_, Riverside Edition, p.
52.]
Edinburgh Journal_.
[265] [Here he tells the story in a different form, showing an intention of using it later.]
[270] The nidus of the animal of _Natica_,—cells with eggs in sand.
[274] [Marston Watson, Thoreau’s friend and correspondent. See _Familiar Letters_, _passim_, and especially note to letter of April 25, 1858.]
[275] [Sir Charles Lyell, _A Second Visit to the United States_.]
of this volume.]
of this volume.]
[284] Stark and his companions met the enemy in the hay-field.
[285] Some were drawn out of the swamp behind Abiel Wheeler’s. Old lady Potter tells me she cannot remember when they were not there.
117.]
[296] A farmer tells me that he knows when his horse has eaten it, because it makes him slobber badly.
[310] [The word “mulleins” is queried in pencil.]
[312] Yes.
[333] [Channing, pp. 173-175.]
[339] [_Ibid._] [343] _Vide_ last journal for bare foot track in Corner road [p.
328 of this volume].
[346] By Second Division Brook.
255.]
[362] It was a cuckoo.