Gratitude, estimated, i. 61.
Gratijication, sensual and intellectual compared, i. 34, 148.
Greece, indebted for its excellence to its liberties, i. 3. Political character of its religion, ii. 60. Its resistance of invaders, 77.
H.
HABIT, actions resulting from, in what degree voluntarj-, i. 31.
Its operation, 202. Happiness, scale of, i. 211. Hartley, i. 31 note, 55, 81, 190 note. Health, speculations on the nature of, ii. 249, Helietius, i. 2 note, 133, ii. 62 note. Hew-y IV. of Franco, i. 5. ii. 4. Hereditary distinction, see Birth, 33. — VOL. II. T 274 INDEX.
Heresy, arguments for the suppression of, stated, ii. 115. An- swered, 116.
Hieroglyphical wi-iting, once' universal, i. 55, Manner in which it is used in China, ib.
History, its doubtfulness, ii. 170.
Home, John, ii. 42.
Homer, ii. 61.
Honour, national, its vindication no justifiable cause of war, ii. 72.
Howard, ii. 185, 186 note.
Humanity, necessity of the practice of it in war, ii. 78.
Hutcheson, i. 201 note.
I.
IDEAS, association of, i. 192. Rapidity of their succession, 195. ii. 252.
Ignorance, not necessary to make men virtuous, ii. 116.
Imposture, political, monarchy founded in, ii. 23. Example of political imposture in the doctrine of eternal punishment, 60. In the Religious sanction of a legislative assembly, 62. In the principle of political order, 63. Motives of political imposture, 64. Effects attending it, 65. Situation of its advocates, 67. Absurdity of their reasonings, ib.
Imprisonment, solitary, its severity, ii. 185. Its moral effects, 186.
Improvements, political, mode in which they are to be realized, i.
115, 130. When gradually introduced, supersede revolutions, 116, 127. Means of affecting them, 137, 150. ii. 88, 108, 262. Improvements, scientific, of the three last centuries, i. 214. Independence, natural and moral, distinguished, ii. 238. Individuality, its advantages, ii. 240.
Inequality, of conditions, its effects, i. 11. How to be destroyed, ii. 212. Instances of gratuitous inequality, 214.
Inheritance, principle of, ii. 213, Infidelity, conjugal, estimated, ii. 244.
Injustice, species of, created by aristocracy, ii. 46.
Innovation, argument against, from the present happy establishment of affairs, examined, ii. 54. Sceptical suggestions respecting, 255.
Insincerity, its nature and history, i. 160. Effects resulting from it, 160. Evil arising from a command to be insincere, ii. 133.
Instincts, have no existence in the human mind, i. 15.
Institution, positive, its equivocal character, as tending to excite virtue, i. 82. Its inaptitude to inform the judgment, 82, Sus- pends the progress of mind, 117. ii. 110, 111. See further, Opinion, Establishments.
Irresponsibility of princes, ii. 10, 34.
J. JOHNSON, 1155. Judgment, its nature, as contrasted with prejudice, described, ii. 143.
INDEX. 275 Judgment, private, right of, i. 80. ii. 208, 216.
Juries, their appropriate province, ii. 94. Modifications of which ■i- they are susceptible, 100.
Justice, defined, i. 59. Considered with reference to the sentiment of self-love, 60. To family aflfection, 60, 62. To gratitude, 61. Importance of a sense of justice, 153. Its connection with talents, 154. Importance of practical justice, ii. 46.
Justice, political, idea of, i. 64. Its province, 69. Its future history, ii. 196. Errors that may arise at the commencement, 197. Its gradual progress, 197. Its effects on criminal law and property, 197.
Justice, retributive, noc independent and absolute, ii. l5o. Not to be vindicated from the system of nature, 156. Propriety of a retribution to be measured by the intention of the offiender considered, 168.
K. KINGS, see Princes.
Knowledge, defined, i. 132. Its connection with happiness, 147, With virtue, 147.
L.
IjABOUR, in its usual acceptation, and labour for the public, compared, ii. 146. Quantity of labour required in a state of equality, 233, 237. Division of labour, 246. Low price of labour unfavourable to population, 248.
Land-tax, of England, its decrease compared with the increasing taxes on consumption, i. 10.
Language, its origin and progress, i. 53.
Latitudinarian, see Tests, Law, is in every country the favourer of the rich against the poor, i. 10. Abuses of its administration, 11. The enacting of law no function of society, 221. ii. 2. Gradual extinction of law how to be produced, 140. Arguments in favour of law, an- swered, 191. Law once instituted is endless, 191. Uncertain, 192. Mode in which it must be studied, 192. Pretends to foretel future events, 193. Is a species of promise, 193. Checks the freedom of opinion, ib. Is destructive of the principles of reason, ib. Abolition of law vindicated, on the score of wisdom, 195. Of candour, 195. From the nature of man, t&. Effect of the abolition of law on property, 197, Laws, agrarian and sumptuary, esthnated, ii. 105, 210.
Lawyers, their dishonesty, u. 194. An honest lawyer mischievous, 194.
Learning, instrumental in abolishing the feudal system, ii. 263.
Legislative and executive power, their separation, ii, 90» Quantity of, necessary to be maintained, 91.
Leicester, Dudley earl of, ii. 17, Leonidas, i. 66, Letters, incendiary, jurisprudence of, ii. 130.
x2 276 INDEX.
Libels, attempts to restrain public libels unjust, ii. 128. Pusilla- nimous, 129. Case in ■u-hich restraint may be employed, ib. Arguments, in favour of restraining private libels, stated, 130, 131. Answered, from the necessity of truth being told, 131. Future history of libel, 132. Further argument against re- «,ti'aining libels, from the necessity of teaching men to be sincere, 133. The mind spontaneously shrinks from the prosecution 'of a libel, 134. ' Liberty, not incompatible with any climate, i. 46. To be intro- duced like other benefits, 46. The majority of a nation con- vinced of its desirableness will inevitably obtain it, 47. Nature of liberty, 123. Connection between liberty and equality, ii. 262.
'Liberty, personal, under what limitations a right, i. 79.
Liberty, philosophical, see Free-will.
Life, under what limitations a right, i. 79. Its probable pro- longation in a future state of society, ii. 249, 253.
Logan, i. 116.
Longevity, see Life.
Jm, see Sortition.
Love, attainments to which it leads, i. 151.
Louis XIV. i. 5.
Lucullus, ii. B3.
Luxury, of the rich, a cause of robbery and fraud, i. 8. Injustice of luxury, ii. 27. Benefits of luxury, as an objection to equality, considered, 235. Luxury a stage to be passed through, 236. Meanings of the term luxury distinguished, 236.
Lnxuru, of nations, no invincible bar to the revival of liberty, i. 45, 50.
M.
MABLY, ii. 107, 221 note.
Mace, of the English parliament, importance afl&xed to it, ii. 26.
Mahomet, i. 5.
Majority, power of, in a state, i. 91. Resistance on the part of, considered, 121. Deceptions to which we are liable in esti- mating it, 121. Remedy to those deceptions, 122.
Malesherbes, ii. 62 note.
Malevolence, nature of, considered, i. 205.
Man, how far the creature of two hostile principles, reason and sensation, i. 25, 33. His vices and moral weakness not in- curable, 44. Is capable of perpetual improvement, 44, 47. His perfectibility inferred from the invention of language, 53. From alphabetical writing, 55. From a comparison of his original state with his subsequent improvements, 52, 56. Extent of his duties as a social being, 16, 66. Uniformity of his nature, 114. His strength and weakness, ii, 38, Not immortal, 253.
Miunlevilli', ii, 235 note.
INDEX.
tn Marlborough, duke of, i.?.
Marriage, received system of, considered, ii. 243. Consequences of its abolition, 244.
Martyrdom, a species of suicide, i. 66.
Massacre, idea of, ii. 255. Qualification of this idea, 255.
Mechanism, two classes of, material and intellectual, i. 189. In- tellectual system most probable, 190.
Medicine, two branches of, animal and intellectual, ii. 252.
Memorii, nature of, as connected with the mechanism of the mind^ i. 195.
3Ienas, ii. 5.
Merit, truth its only adequate reward, ii. 49, 206.
Militia, universal, as a means of defending a country, objected tOf ii. 80.
Military operations, ii. T6. Fortifications, ih. General action, 7T. Stratagem, ih. Contributions, 78. Military obedience in the conduct of a legitimate war not necessary, ih. Military es- tablishments in time of peace pernicious, 81. Unnecessary with respect to courage, 81. To discipline, 82. Military com- mander, 82.
Miltiades, ii. 57.
Milton, i. 34, 154.
Mind, the term vindicated, i. 12 note. In what sense used in this work, ih. Has no innate principles, 13. No instincts, 15. Is little modified by antenatal and early impressions, 17, 20. As- ^ little by the structure of the animal frame, 18. Derives its qualities chiefly from moral causes, or the influence of education, 19, 22. Its subtlety, S2. Is only a faculty of perception, 45, 215. Its progress, 52, 53, ii. 256. Is capable of entertaining abstract ideas, i. 53 note. Its theory a system of mechanism, 189. Can have hut one thought at a time, 192. Always thinks, 197. Its nature contrasted with the nature of government, ii. 110. In no other sense an agent, than as matter is an agent, 155. Its omnipotence over matter, 241, 249. Application of this principle to the animal frame, 249.
Ministers of state, their character, ii. 1 8. Power of dismissing them, 35. Their respon-^ibility, ih. Power of appointing them, 36. Their functions, '.
Minority, in a state, resistance on the part of, considered, i. 122.
Mithridatic war, i. 5.
Monopoly, the parent of force, ii. 222. Generates selfishness, 234, Monarchy, nature of, delineated, ii. 3. Its supposed excellence under a virtuous prince controverted, 15. Venality and cor- ruption necessary to its existence, 21. Universality of the operation of these principles, ih. Monarchy founded in im- posture, 23. Means by which the imposture is supported, 24. Effect of the imposture, as generating indifference to merit and truth, 24. Artificial desires, 25. Pusillanimity, 26. Moral ^78 INDEX.
incredulity, 27, Inordinate admiration of wealth, 28. Evils of monarchy not qualified by rendering it elective, 29. Elective and hereditary monarchy not to be combined, 31. Limited monarchy liable to the same objections as absolute, 32. To other objections peculiar to itself, 33. Responsibility of a limit- ed monarch, 33. His functions, 34. Neutrality required of him impracticable, 34. Prerogative of dismissing and appointing ministers, 35, 36, 39. Of pardoning criminals, 39. Of con- voking deliberate assemblies, 40. Of affixing a veto to their decrees, ib. Monarchical and aristocratical systems similar la their effects, 40. All wars originate in those systems, 69.
Moi-al causes, their effect in the formation of the human mind, i. 19.
Mai-ality, its connection with politics, i. 57. Its province unlimited, 75, 94. Its foundation, 92. General principles of morality estimated, 164. Interference of government with it superfluous, ii. 107. Morality in a designing mind not different from morality in an inanimate substance, 155.
More, sir Thomas, ii. 221 note.
Morgan, William, ii. 241 note.
Moses, ii. 117.
Motion, four classes of, i. 199. See further Thought, Action.
Motive, term defined, i. 27 note, 205. Motives difficult to be dis- covered, 72. Their complexity, 32, 73, 205. Motives of an action constitute an essential part of its character, ii. 159. In- scrutability of motives an argument against punishment, 169.
Murder, iniquity of punishing all instances of it alike, ii. 167, 199.
Mutius Scaevola, i. 37.
N.
NAMES, influence of, on the mind, ii. 37.
Natiojis, characters of, not owing to the influence of climate, i. 48. Nations not subject like individuals to youth, old age, and decay, 50. When sunk in luxury and effeminacy, may still be reclaimed, ib. Ambiguity of the term nation, 119, 123. See further Glory, Rivalship.
Nature, meaning of the term, and errors respecting it corrected, i. 40.
Necessity, term defined, i. 173. Why supposed to exist in the operations of the material universe, 173. The case parallel in the operations of the mind, 175. Indications of necessity in history, 175. In our judgments of character, 176. In our schemes of policy, ib. In our ideas of moral discipline, ib. Ob- jection to necessity, from the fallibility of our expectations in human conduct, answered, 177. Universality cf the doctrine, 178. Its truth illustrated from the nature of volition, 178. From the absurdity of free will, 179. Idea it suggests of the universe, 182. Its influence on our moral ideas, 183. On action, 183. Virtue, 183. Exertion, 185. Persuasion, 185. Exhorta- tion, ib. Ardour, 186. Complacence and aversion, 186. Pun- INDEX. 275 ishment, 187. Repentance, ib. Praise and blame, ib. Intel- lectual tranquillity, 188. Language of necessity recommended, 188. The doctrine of necessity considered in relation to the doctrine of optimism, 215, 216.
Newton, ii. 86, 116.
Nobility, see Birth, O.
OATH, federal, of die French, ii. 123, 124, ib.
Oaths, of office and duty, their absurdity, ii. 126. Their immoral consequences, 126, Oaths of evidence, less atrocious, 126. Opinion of the liberal and resolved respecting them, ib. Their contempt of veracity, 126. False morality of them, 127. Ab- stract principles assumed by them to be true, 127. Their in- consistency with these principles, 128.
Obedience, political, not founded in contract, i. 100, 106. Dif- ferent kinds of obedience, 107. Compulsory obedience less injurious than confidence, 108. ii. 103.
Obedience, military, in the conduct of a legitimate war not ne- cessary, ii. 78.
Offices, power of appointing to, ought not to rest in one man, ii. 39.
Ogilvie, ii. 220; 224.
Opinion, voluntary actions of men originate in opinion, i. 28, 131, 182. Arguments in favour of its political superintendence, stated, ii. 102. Answered, 103. Exertions of society in this respect, unwise, 104. Incapable of proper effect, ib. Super- fluous: instanced in commerce, 107. In speculative enquiry, 107, In morality, 107. Pernicious, as undermining the best qualities of the mind, 109. As hostile to its future improve- ment, 110. Suppression of eri'oneous opinions in religion, 115. In government, 119. Difficulty of suppressing opinions by force, 119. Severities that would be necessary, 120. Opinions, without persecution and oppression, do not lead to violence, 121.
Opinion, public, its influence on the conduct of individuals, ii. 227, Optimism, errors of the system, i. 214. Degree of truth mixed with it, 214. Limitations of the idea deduced from tliis truth, 215. Rashness of the doctrine illustrated by a display of the • condition of the universe, 216. Ill effects of optimism, as destructive of any consistent theory of virtue, 218. As blunting the delicacy of moral discrimination, 219. As reconciling us to the spectacle of perverseness in others, 219. As leading men to court persecution and martyrdom, 220.
Orleans, duke of, ii. 9.
Ostentation, of the rich, one of the causes of the vices of the poor» i. 8.
Overt acts, reasons against their being distinguished from inten- tions, ii. 189. Principle in which the distinction is founded, 190.
P.
280 INDEX.
Pardon, regal prerogative of, ii. 39. Absurdity of pardons, 199. Their origin, 199. Their abuses, 200. Their arbitrary cha- racter, 200. Are destructive of morality, ib.
Passion, its different meanings, and errors respecting it corrected, i.-38. The passions founded in a sentiment of justice, 39.
Peasant, his happiness estimated, i. 211.
Pedaretus, i. 208.
Pensions and salaries, reasons by which they are vindicated, ii. 146. Immoral effect of the institution of salaries, 147. Source from which they are derived, 148. Unnecessary to the subsistence of the public functionary, 148. To the support of his dignity, 150. Salaries of inferior officers, may be superseded, 150. Eent-roU of the lands of England a pension-list, ii. 220.
Perfection, unattainable, i. 44.
Pericles, ii. 57.
Pei-manence, see Constitutions.
Persecution, a love of it encouraged by the doctrine of optimism, i. 220. Its tendency is to generate the most odious vices, ii. 12.
Persecution, religious, how justified by our ancestors, ii. 156.
Persuasion, considered in relation to the doctrine of necessity, i. 185.
Pity, not an innate principle, i. 17.
Phocion, ii. 57.
Pisistratus, ii. 57.
Pluto, ii. 221 note.
Pleasure, delineated, i. 210.
Plutarch, ii. 27.
Population, opinions that have been entertained upon the subj^^ct of, ii. 247. Adapted to find its own level, 247. Precautions that have been exerted to check it, 248. Population and tl)e cultivation of the globe compared, 248. In a future state of society, will probably cease to be extended, 253.
Poor, state of, in England, i. 8. Origin of the vices of the poor, 8, ib. 9, ii. 222, Possessions, foreign. See Colonies.
Poverty, one of the causes of robbery and fraud, i. 8.
Praise, considered in relation to the doctrine of necessity, i. 187.^, ■, Prejudice, its empire accounted for, i. 197. Its nature describe^v ii. 143.
President, with regal powers, injurious tendency of that office, ii. 38.
Price, Dr. ii. 241 vote.
Primogeniture, right of, its origin, ii. 46, 177, 214, Princes, their rights, i. 78. Their education, ii. 6. IManner in which they are addressed, 6. Inefficacy of the instruction bestowed upon them, 8. Private life of a prince, 10. Princi- ples by which he is influenced, irresponsibilit)^, 10, 34. Im- patience of control, 11. Habits of dissipation, 11. Ignorance, 12. Dislike of truth, 13. Dislike of justice, 13. Pitiabla situation of princes, 14. Not entitled to superiority over their ^'"J:?' contents r<3ln.THE SECOND VOLUME.
BOOK V.
OF LEGISLATIVE AND EXECUTIVE POWER.
Page.
CHAP. I.
Introduction 1 CHAP. IT.
Of Education, the Education of a Prince 3 CHAP. III.
Pr$v*lc Life of a Prince 10 CHAP. IV.
Of a Virtuous Despotism 15 CHAP. V.
Of Courts and Ministers...18 CHAP. VI.
Of Subjects 23 CHAP. VII.
Of Elective Monarchy 29 CHAP. VIII.
Of Limited Monarchy 32 CHAP. IX.
Of a President with Regal Powers 38 CHAP. X.
Of Hereditary Distinction 42 IV CONTENTS OF VOL. II.
Page. ciiAr. XI. Moral Effects of Aristocracy 45 CHAP. XII.
Of Titles 48 CHAP. XIII. Of the Aristocratical Character 50 CHAP. XIV.
Of the General Features of Democracy 55 CHAP. XV.
Of Political Impostm-e 60 CHAP. XVI.
Of the Causes of War 68 CHAP. XVII.
Of the Object of War 73 CHAP. XVIII.
Of the Conduct of War 76 CHAP. XIX.
Of Military Establishments and Treaties, 80 CHAP. XX.
Of Democracy as Connected with the Transactions of War. 84 CHAP. XXI.
Of the Composition of Government 87 CHAP. XXII.
Of the Future History of Political Societies 91 CHAP. XXIII.
Of National Assemblies 96 CHAP. XXIV.
Of the Dissolution of Government 100 BOOK VI.
OF OPINION CONSIDERED AS A SUBJECT OF POLITICAL INSTITUTION.
CHAP. I.
General Effects of the Political Superintendence of Opinion 102 INDEX. 281 pubjects, 23. Inadequate to the functions they possess, 23, 34. Splendour of their state, 24. Inflated style of regal formality, 24. The title of prince estimated, 40. Enormous salary of a prince in a limited monarchy, 53. Principles, general, estimated, i. 163.
Principles, levelling, supposed danger of disseminating tLem, ii. 254. Printing, benefits resulting from its introduction, i. 133, 135. Privilege, defined, ii. 46. Prises, see Rewards. Procrustes, ii. 193.
Promises, in no sense the foundation of morality, i. 92. Absolutely considered, are an evil, 93. Use of them not frequently neces- sary, 96. Their obligation, 97. Application of the idea of promises to a social contract, 99. Property, effects of its inequality in tbe most refined states of Europe, i. 8. How unequal property ought to be employed, 63. Right of property, 80. ii. 202, 216. Sacredness of property, i. 97. ii. 216, Aristocratical distribution of property, 54. Effect of the abolition of law on property, 197. Abuses that have insinuated themselves, into the administration of property, 202. Property defined, 202, 207, System of popular morality on the subject of property, 206. Degrees of property, in the means of subsistence and happiness, 207. In tbe fruits of our labour, 208. In the labour of others, 209. Unfavourable features of this last species of property, 209. Ground of obligation respecting it, 210. Origin of property, 210. Accumulated property an usurpation, 213. Mischiefs resulting from the present system of property: a sense of dependence, 218. The perpetual spectacle of injustice, leading men astray in their desires, 219. Perverting the integrity of their judgments, 220. The dis- couragement of intellectual attainments, 221. The generating the crimes of the poor, 222. The passions of the rich, 223. The misfortunes of war, 223. Depopulation, 224. Prosperity, see Superfluity.
Punishment, not suited to produce conviction, i. 85. Considered in relation to the doctrine of necessity, 187. ii. 155. The right of punishing not founded in the previous function of instructing, ii. 145. Definition of punishment, 154. Punishment not to be vindicated from the idea of retributive justice, 155. From the system of nature, 156. Punishment for restraint, 162, 180, For reformation, 163, 179. For example, 165, 180. Delin- quency and punishment incommensurable, 166. Argument against punishment from the inscrutability of motives, 169. From the uncertainty of evidence, 167, 170. Punishment, as a temporary expedient, considered, 172. Punishment of death with torture, 182. Of death absolutely, ib. Origin of this mode of punishment, 183. Corporeal punishment, 183. Pun- ishment by privation of freedom, 184. By solitary imprison- ment, ido. By a state of slavery or bard labour, 186. By 282 INDEX.
banisLraent, 186. Uncertainty of punishment, from the, pre- rogative of pardon, 200.
Punishment, eternal, inutility of the doctrine argued from history, ii. 60. From the nature of the human mind, 61.
Purist, see Tests.
Pyrrho, ii. 7. Y\ QUALIFICATIONS, pecuniary, their injustice, u^i^lkl Refinement, social, its advantages, ii. 235.
Reform, political, see Improvemenis.
Religion, of the Greeks and Ilomans, its political character, ii. 60. Doctrine of religion upon the subject of propert}^ 206, 219.
Repentance, considered in relation to the doctrine of necessity, i. 187.
Republicanism, its tendency to an equalization of conditions, ii. 262, 264.
Representation, its uses, ii. 58. Its imperfections, 59. See Delega- tion, Assemblies.
Resistance, question of, stated, i. 119. Rosistance of a nation, 119. Of a majority, 121. Of a minority, 122. Of the individual, 124, Responsibility of kings, ii. S3. Of ministers, 35.
Retribution, see Justice retributive.
Revenue laws, their oppressive nature under the late government of France, i. 10.
Reverence of superiors, estimated, i. 111.
Bevolutions, general observations upon the subject of, i. 125. Revolutionary measures inimical to independence, 127. To intellectual enquiry, 129. English revolution of 1688, 129, ii. 31. Revolutions always accompanied with blood, i. 129. Crude and premature in their effects, 130. Uncertain in point of suc- cess, 130. Wholly unnecessary, 131. Events that gave birth to the French revolution, 134. Revolutions in some cases to be looked for, 135. Revolution and despotism compared, ii. 255.
Reicards, their inefficacy, ii. 105, 106, 109, 206.
Rich, ostentation and tyranny of the rich a cause of robbery ami fraud, i. 8, 9. The rich are the true pensioners, ii. 220. Pos- sibility of persuading them to resign their gratifications, con- sidered, 227. Many of them may be expected to be advocates of equality, 259 Conduct which their interest as a body pre- scribes, 260. Right, defined, i. 70. Active rights of man exploded, 75. Con- sequences of the doctrine of active rights, 77. Rights of kings, 78. Of communities; ib Passive rights of man ii-refragable» INDEX. 283 79. Right of discretion, 79. Of property, 80. ii. 202, 207.
RivaUhip of nations, a creature of the imagination, ii. 91. » Robbery and Fraud, in what they originate, i. 7. How for remedied or aggravated by political institutions, 10.
Rochelle, seige of, i. 5.
Romans, indebted for their excellence to their political liberties, i. 3. Their wars, 5. Political character of their religion, ii. 60.
Romulus, ii. 187.
Rowe, ii. 14.
S.
ST. JOHN, lord Bolingbroke, ii. 49.
Salaries, see Pensions.
Salic law, i. 5.
Salisburv, Cecil earl of, ii. 17.
Science, its nature progressive, i. 130, 133, 214. Its importance as conducing to our happiness, 117. To our virtue, 147. To our political improvement, 130. Its progress compared to the taking to pieces a disordered machine, ii 116. Nature of political science, 257.
Secresy, state, estimated, ii. 85, 90.
Self-love, not an innate principle, i. 17. Estimated, 60. System ascribing all human actions to self-love examined, 200. Is in- compatible with virtue, 206. Its discouraging tendency, 207. Its influence as a motive to be cautiously admitted, ii. 146, 147, Self-preservation, not an innate principle, i. 17.
Semiramis, i. 4.
Serf, comparison of the condition of, with that of a Polish prince, ii. 47.
Sesostris, i. 4.
Sincerity, its obligation, i. 94. Its importance instanced in the case of assassination, 145. Its favourable tendency in respect of in- nocence, 156. Of energy, 156. Of intellectual improvement, 158. Of philanthropy, 159. Its value illustrated from the nature of insincerity, 160. Delineation of sincerity, 161. Character of its adherents, 162. Illustrations of sincerity, 163. Limitations, 166. Necessity of teaching men sincerity, one argument against restraining private libels, ii. 133. Duty of sincerity in those who are qualified for public instructors, 258.
Slave trade, contentedness of its victims no argument in its favour, i. 211.
Smith, Adam, ii. 246.
Social contract, considered, i. 89. The contracting parties, t6. The form of engagement, 89. Extent of the obligation, 90. Social contract illustrated from the nature of promises, 99.
284 INDEX.
Socielv, distinct from government, i. 59. Its claims and duties, 64, Can declare and interpret, not enact laws, 105. Its authority only executive, ib. Instituted for the benefit of the individual, ii. 70, 91. Comparative value of its internal and external affairs, 84. Its future history, 91. Is incapable of acting from itself, 98. Of being well regulated by others, 98. Its superin- tendence of opinion considered, see Opinion, Soldier, depravity of the character, ii. 80.
Sophistry, reason, not force, its proper corrective, ii. 117.
Sortition, decision by, ii. 29. Its origin, 151. Founded in moral imbecility, 152. In cowardice, ib.
Speech, incongruity of attempting to restrain its freedom, ii. 118. Consequence that would result, ib.
Spies, the employment of, incompatible with true policy, ii. 105.
Standing array, as a means of defending a country, condemned, ii. 80.
Sterne, i. 105.
Stoics, principle of their philosophy examined, i. 210.
Stratagems, military, condemned, ii. 7T, Subjection, military, insufficient to enslave a people against their inclination, i. 120.
Subjects, ii. 23. Degradation of the name, 37.
Subscription, to articles of religion. See Church.
Suicide, reflections on, i. 65.
Sunday schools, lessons taught in them, ii. 143.
Superjiuity, its tendency to inspire effeminacy, ii. 4. To deprive us of the benefit of experience, 5. Superfluities appreciated, ii. 203. Benefits that would result from their suppression, 221.
Sydney, Algernon, i. 2 note.
Sylla, i. 5.
T.
TALENTS, their connection with virtue. See Virtue. lUiberality with which men of talents are treated, i. 155.
Tamerlane, i. 5.
Taste, man of, his happiness estimated, i. 212.
Taxation, falls almost exclusively upon the poor, ii. 148. How to be abolished, 1 50.
Territory, extensive territory superfluous, ii. 93.
Testation, protection given to it founded in true policy, ii. 213.