Categories
- Idioma:
- anglès
- Completesa:
- Obra completa
- Autoria:
- Escrita per l'autor
- Estat del text:
- Text net
- Extensió:
- ~14.700 paraules · 70 passatges
Cita aquesta obra
- APAAristòtil. (n.d.). Categories. SigPhi. https://sigphiai.com/ca/works/aristotle/the-categories
- MLAAristòtil. "Categories." SigPhi, https://sigphiai.com/ca/works/aristotle/the-categories.
- ChicagoAristòtil. Categories. SigPhi. https://sigphiai.com/ca/works/aristotle/the-categories.
De què tracta
El text amb què va començar la lògica occidental: la llista de les deu maneres bàsiques de dir alguna cosa d'una cosa.
Context i història
Substància, quantitat, qualitat, relació, lloc, temps, posició, possessió, acció, passió. La llista és curta i el llibre també, però la idea que hi ha darrere va decidir dos mil anys de metafísica: que entre tot allò que es pot dir hi ha una cosa que existeix per si mateixa —la substància primera, aquest home, aquest cavall— i tota la resta només existeix dient-se d'ella. Boeci el va traduir al llatí i durant l'Edat Mitjana va ser, amb la introducció de Porfiri, el primer llibre que llegia qui es posava a estudiar: d'aquí surt la disputa dels universals. Va obrir l'«Organon», el conjunt d'escrits lògics d'Aristòtil, i és breu de mena; les dificultats hi són igualment.
Context editorial, no una font citable: a diferència dels passatges de l'obra, aquestes dades no es poden contrastar amb el corpus.
Things are said to be named 'equivocally' when, though they have a common name, the definition corresponding with the name differs for each. Thus, a real man and a figure in a picture can both lay claim to the name 'animal'; yet these are equivocally so named, for, though they have a common name, the definition corresponding with the name differs for each. For should any one define in what sense each is an animal, his definition in the one case will be appropriate to that case only. On the other hand, things are said to be named 'univocally' which have both the name and the definition answering to the name in common. A man and an ox are both 'animal', and these are univocally so named, inasmuch as not only the name, but also the definition, is the same in both cases: for if a man should state in what sense each is an animal, the statement in the one case would be identical with that in the other. Things are said to be named 'derivatively', which derive their name from some other name, but differ from it in termination. Thus the grammarian derives his name from the word 'grammar', and the courageous man from the word 'courage'. Part 2 Forms of speech are either simple or composite. Examples of the latter are such expressions as 'the man runs', 'the man wins'; of the former 'man', 'ox', 'runs', 'wins'. Of things themselves some are predicable of a subject, and are never present in a subject. Thus 'man' is predicable of the individual man, and is never present in a subject. By being 'present in a subject' I do not mean present as parts are present in a whole, but being incapable of existence apart from the said subject. Some things, again, are present in a subject, but are never predicable of a subject.…