XXIII. In narrative and hexameter verse, the story ought to be dramatically constructed, as in tragedy, i. e. it should be περὶ μίαν πρᾶξιν ὅλην καὶ τελείαν, ἔχουσαν ἀρχὴν καὶ μέσον καὶ τέλος, ἵν᾽, ὥσπερ ζῶον ἕν ὅλον, ποιῇ τὴν οἰκείαν ἡδονὴν, differing from history, which treats of events of one time, not of one action.
8. Hence the excellent management of Homer in not at- tempting to bring the whole war into his poem, but only taking one part, filling it out with episodes.
XXIV. The epic poem snould also agree with the tragic as to its kinds [simple or complicated, moral or disastrous 9. Its parts are also the same, except μελοποιΐία and ὄψις, for it must have περιπετείαι, ἀναγνωρίσεις, παθήματα, διανοίαι, and λέξις, suitably arranged, as in Homer, ἡ μὲν Ιλιὰς, ἁπλοῦν καὶ “αθητικόν" ἡ δὲ Οδύσσεια, πεπλεγμένον. ἀναγνώρισις γὰρ διόλου καὶ ἠθική. πρὸς δὲ τούτοις λέξει καὶ διανοίᾳ πάντας ὑπερ(βθεβληκε.
8. It also differs in length.
4. For it has the advantage of being extended by narrative of many simultaneous actions, which increase the ὄγκος rot «οιήματος, and also by different episodes.
5. Heroic is the established metre of narrative poetry, for it iS στασιμώτατον καὶ ὀγκωδέστατον, but the lambic and 'Trochaic κινητικὰ, TO μὲν, ὀρχηστικόν, TO δὲ, πρακτικόν.
6. A mixture of these metres is absurd.
7. Like Homer, the poet should know when it is fitting for him to speak in person.
8. The θαυμαστὸν is necessary in tragedy, but in epopee even τὸ ἄλογον is admitted, which is most wonderful, διὰ τα μὴ ὁρᾷν εἰς τὸν πράττοντα.
9. And Homer has chiefly taught other poets ψευδῆ λέγειν ὡς δεῖ, which is by a παραλογισμός on the part of the hearer.
10. And the poet should prefer ἀδύνατα καὶ εἰκότα, μᾶλλον ἢ δυνατὰ καὶ ἀπίθανα" τοὺς Te λόγους μὴ συνίστασθαι ἐκ μερῶν ἀλόγων, ἀλλὰ μάλιστα μὲν μηδὲν ἔχειν ἄλογον" εἰ δὲ μὴ, ἔξω τοῦ μυθεύματος, as Cidipus’ ignorance as to the manner of Laius’ death.
11. And the diction should be most studied in the idle parts of the poem, where there are neither manners nor senti- ment. For these latter are obscured by over-fine diction.
XXV. and XXVI. [ Very doubifut. As these two chap ters are quite unintelligible, except in reference to the ex- amples quoted, it is of little use to analyse them. | THE END, Ἂν» ay Se cot ae ’ ἵν _ a INDEX To ARISTOTLE’S TREATISES ΟΝ RHETORIC AND THE POETIC.
Abundant, the, better than the rare, Accent, objections to, removed, 467.
Accident, an element of the ap- parent enthymem, 195.
Accomplices in guilt, to be feared, 1 Accusation and defence, various reasonings in, 67.
Achilles, anger of, 107.
Action, habitual, attended with pleasure, 76.
Actions, tragedy an imitation of, Actors, complaints respecting, 471.
Admiration, attended with pleasure, Adulation, meaning of, explained, Adultery, legal definition of, 88, 89. Enesidemus, specious liberality of, Zésop, fables of, 166, 167.
Agatho, remark of, 163; lines from, Aged, see Old Age. Ages, definition of, 150. Αἴτιον, definition of, 47, n. bry the subject matter of logic, n. ἀλαζὼν, application of the word, Appetite, impulse of the, 71; Alceus, saying of, 60.
*Alcmeon’”? of Astydamas, the tragedy of, 434 et ἢ.
Alliteration, instances of, 233.
Ambiguity, an element of apparent enthymems, 192 Ambitious, the, likely to feel indig- nation, 144; disposed to envy, Amplification, necessity for, 65, 66.
—— and extenuation, observations Amusements, attended with plea sure, 70.
Analogy, an element of the enthy- Androcles, the orator, 188.
Anger, feelings of, 3, 71; definition of, 105; persons against whom and by whom it is felt, ib. ex seg.; three species of, 106; how allayed, 114.
—— and hatred, six points of com- parison between, 120.
Anomalies, an element of the en- thymem, 190.
Antimachus, precept of, 223.
Antithesis, of style, 232; the false the desire of what is pleasant, 73; irrational and rational, ἐδ, "Apxn, definition of, 47.
Areopagus, practice of the, 3.
Argos, pecuiiar law at, 93.
Arguing from cause to effect, an element of the enthymem, 190.
Arguments, on the solution of, 197 et seq.
Aristocracy, form of government, ' Articles, one of the parts of diction, Arts, illustration from the, 4, n.
Auditors, feelings of the, 12; held to be ἀπλοὶ, 15; three kinds of, 21; how to appease the, 115.
B.
Bacchic hymns, all the means of imitation employed together by, Badges, honourable, 61.
Beauty, different according # dif- ference of age, 36; of objects and words, 213; of style, 234; mag- nitude the constituent of, 421.
Benefactors, friendliness felt for, Benevolence, object of, 134.
Birth, high, qualities of, 34; cha- racteristic disposition of, 156.
Body, excellencies of the, 36.
Brave, the, friendliness felt for, 117.
C. Calippus the orator, 188. Callistratus, his charge against Melenopus, 92. Cases, one of the parts of diction, Censure, attended with pleasure, 78.
Chance, definition of, 38; mankind | impelled by, 70; on the circum- stances of, 426.
Character, goodness of, 35; a spe- cific good, 41; attended with pleasure, 75; men of, are some- times impelled to commit injus- tice, 82; comparison of, to be made, 66; what constitutes, 418.
Χάρις, definition of, 133.
Χειμαινει, meaning of, 44], n.
. Chorus, a part of tragedy, 429+ ita various divisions, ἐδ.; business of the, 445; gradual extinction of the, ἐδ., ἢ.
Cicero, caution of, 16, π.
Cithern-playing, a favourite accom- plishment of the Athenian youth, Comedy, an imitative art, 407; ori- gin of, 413, 415 et seg.
Comeliness, different according:ὸ difference of age, 36.
Commendation, language of, 6.1, 65 Commos, a part of the chorus, 429 Community, injustice to the, de- fined, 87.
Compacts, definition of, 98.
Compulsion, the motive of human action, 70.
Confidence, definition of, 125; how eee ἐδ.; persons who feel, Conjunctions, one of the parts of diction, 449.
Conon, expression of, 191.
Consequents, an element of the en- Constraint, freedom from, pleasant, Contempt, a feeling contrary to emulation, 149.
Contraries, an element of the en- thymem, 178; consideration of, Contumely, definition of, 107.
Courage, quality of, 50; a consti- tuent of virtue, 58.
Cowardice, illustration of, 128.
Crimes, on the various degrees of, 92 et seg.
Critics, objections of, answered, 463 et seq.
Custom, mankind impelled by, 71.
D. Dancing, an imitative art 408 Danger, an object of fear, 122 INDEX.
Decisions, legal, an element of the enthymem, 184.
Declamation, often ridiculous when read, 247.
Decoraticn, a certain part of tra- gedy, 417 et n.
Deeds, one of the proofs necessary in judicial oratory, 98; argu- ments to be used for and against, Definition, an element of the en- thymem, 182.
Definitions of Aristotle’s Rhetoric, yoo οι of his Poetic, 478— Delicacy of feeling, disquisition on, 127 et seq.
Democracy, form of government, 55.
Depravity, the cause of injustice, 68.
Διαβολὴ, use of the word, 3, n.
Διαλεκτικὴ, explanation of, 23, n.
Διαλεκτικὸς, explained, 10, n.
Dialectics, rhetoric an offshoot of, Avavoia, a certain part of tragedy, Diction, an element of apparent en- thymems, 192; definition of, 420; en the use of, in tragedy, 446; on the various parts of, 447 δὲ seq.; requisites of, 454 et seg.; should sometimes be laboured, 463; many modifications of, 464; criti- cal objections to, removed, 466; custom of, 468.
Dilemma, an element of the enthy- Διοννσοκόλακας, origin of the term, Discovery, explanation of, in fable, 427; feelings excited by the, 428; on the different kinds of, 438 et seq.
er crea minute, to be avoided, 8 Disgraced, the, motives of, for com- mitting injustice, 83.
Dissembling, the, to be feared, 123.
Dithyrambic poetry, an imitative art, 407; all the means of imita- tion employed together by, 409, n.
Dorieus, conqueror at the Olympic games, 17.
Draco, the laws of, 191.
Drama, etymology of the, 411; on its various parts, 420; on exhibi- tions in the, 421.
E.
Eidn, use of the term, 22, 23.
Εἰκὸς, definition of, 17 et seg.; en- thymems deduced from, 17; so- lution of, sometimes fallacious, Empedocles, saying of, 87.
Emulation, definition of, 1473; na- ture, objects, and feelings of, 147 et seq.
Encomium, language of, 64.
Enemies, motives of, for committing injustice, 83, 84; objects of fear, Enthymems, the very body of proof, 3, 7; consequence of disregard- ing, 5, n.; a sort of syllogism, 7, 14; deduced from εἰκότα and σημεῖα, 17 et seg.; two different sorts of, 22, 177; suited to judi- cial oratory, 66; on the nature and use of, 168, 174 et seg.; va- rious elements of, 178 et seg.; how to be used in legal proof, , fallacious, the various ele- ments of, 192 e¢ seq.
Enumeration of parts. an element of the enthymem, 185.
Envy, opposéd to pity, 141; defini- tion of, 141, 145; on the nature, objects, and feelings of, 145 e¢ seq.
νι αῤμὶ definition of, 64.
Epic Poetry, similarity of tragedy to, 416; observations on, 458; different species and parts of, 459 et seqg.; merit of imitation in, as compared with tragedy, 470 δέ seq.
᾿Επιχαιρεκακία, explanation of, Epideictic oratory, the subjects of, 57; the common point of, 64; amplification suitable to, 66; general nature of, 175.
style suited to writing, 248.
᾿Επιποιία, difficulty of defining, Episode, a part of tragedy, 429; must be suitable to the plot, 442; Homer’s use of, 458.
Epithets, on the use of, 213, 215.
Epopee, an imitative art, 407, 408; various parts of the, 459; its power of extension, and its pro- per metre, 460; necessity for the wonderful in, 461.
Equals, likely to be envied, 146.
Equipoise of style, 233.
Equity, in law, explanation of, 89 et seq.
Equivocation, an element of the enthymem, 191.
Errors, previously committed, an element of the enthymem, 190.
Ἤθη explained, 149, n.
Eubulus, adopts a saying of Plato,97.
Euphony, necessity of, 212.
Euripides, his reply to the Syra- cusans, 131.
πὐτράπελοι, remarks on, 152, ἢ.
Exaggeration, an element of the ap- parent enthymems, 194.
Examples, suited to deliberative oratory, 66; different kinds of, and their use, 165 et seg.; reason- ings derived from, 199; solution of, 200; best suited to proofs, 263.
Excellencies, personal, attended with pleasure, 78.
Excess of good or evil, 46 et seg.
Exhorting, objects of, in oratory, 33.
Exode, a part of tragedy, 429.
Exordium, occurrence of the, 250; on the nature and use of the, 251 et seq.
Expedient, the object of, proposed, 39; what is the higher degree of, Exports, necessary to be under- stood by the orator, 81.
Extenuation, ebservations on, 201. | INDEX: F.
Fable, or Apologue, use of, by way of example, 166; suited to the deliberative orator, 167.
definition of, 418; revolutions and discoveries of, the cause of pleasure, 419; the soul of tra- gedy, ἐδ.; on the unity of, 422 et seg.; on the simple and com- plex, 426, 427; the various requi- sites of, 427, 428; the simple preferable to the two-fold, 431; precepts respecting, 434; exam- ple of, 2b.; on the incidents of, 437.
Fact, questions of, to be left to the judge, 5.
Fallacies of apparent enthymems, 192 et seq.
Fear, definition of, 121; on the na- ture and objects of, 121 δέ seg. closely allied to pity, 124.
Feeling essential to the poet, 441.
Feelings of delicacy and shame, dis- quisition on, 127 δὲ seg.
Flattery attended with pleasure, 76.
hi hai the, friendliness felt for, Fortunate, the, dispositions and cha- racteristics of, 159.
Fortune, definitions of, 38, 150. Friendless, the, disposition of, for committing injustice, 84. Friendliness, definition of, 116; those to whom we entertain the feelings of, 116 e¢ seq.
Friends, number and excellence of, the difference defined, 38; mo- hi of, for committing injustice, 3 Friendship, attended with pleasure, three kinds of, 119.
G.
Genders, on the proper distinction of, 221; remarks on, 454.
Generous, distinguished 4rom noble, INDEX.
Genius, high, ἃ special good, 41.
ἔλῶττα, use of, 209.
Good, to do and to receive, condu- cive to pleasure, 77.
fortune, definition of, 38.
—— old age, definition of, 38.
—— qualities, apparent, to be re- garded as real, 62.
——— and expedient, the, proposi- tions on the subjects of, 39 e¢ seq.; what is the greater degree of, 44 et seg.
Goods, internal and external, 34; indisputable, 40; disputable, 41.
Gorgias, saying of, 265.
Government, reasons for under- standing the different forms of, 54 et seg.; the four forms de- fined, 55; ends of each, ἐδ.; the orator should know them, 56.
Gratitude, on the feelings of, 133 et seg.; the orator to invest the audience with feelings of, 135.
Great and small, on the subject of, Greater, as compared with less, 46 et seq.
Grief for another’s calamity is pity, Guilt, on the various degrees of, 92 et seq. ‘ Gymnastic excellence described, 37.
H.
Habits, definition of, 150.
Happiness, the object of mankind, 33; four definitions of, %.; opinion of the schools on, ἐδ. n.; a specific good, 40.
Harmony and rhythm, originate from imitation, 412.
Hatred, causes of, 120; six points of comparison between anger and, Health, the excellency of the body, 36; a specific good, 41.
Hearers, see Auditors.
Hegesippus, consults the oracle, 184.
Hero, character of the, to be mode- rately drawn, 43], 432.
Herodicus, expression of, 191. ον encomium passed on, Ὁ History, how it differs from poetry, and how it should be applied in, 423 et seq.
** Hobbes’ Brief of the Art of Rhe- Homer, passage from, 143; epic skill of, 422; genius of, 458, Honour, evidence of character, 35; a specific good, 41; attended with pleasure, 75.
—— men of, their motives for com- mitting injustice, 88.
Hope, conducive to pleasure, 73.
Horror, distinct from pity, 139.
Hurt, explanation of, 88.
Husbandmen, friendliness felt for, Hyperbole, a sort of metaphor, 245 I, _Iambic metre, suitableness of, tc tragedy, 414; origin of, 415. Ideas, rules for recognising, 441. Iliad and Odyssey, difference between the, 460.
Ill-will, feeling of, 3. | Images, natural delight in, 412. Imitation, attended with pleasure, 77; the various objects of, in poetry, 409, 410; difference in the manner, 410, 411; the first natu- ral taste for, in poetry, 412; har- mony and rhythm originate from, 412, 413; respective merits of tragic and epic, 470 et seg. Imitative arts, different species of, Imports, questions of, to be familiar to the orator, 31.
Impossible, disquisition on the, 161 et seq.
Impudence, definition of, 127.
Imputations, topics for removing, 255 et seg.
Inconsistency, an element of the enthymem, 187, — Incontinence, the cause of injustice, 68; definition of, 82, lucontinent, the, disposition of, to commit injustice, 82.
Incredibility, an element of the en- thymem, 188.
Indignation, on the nature, objects, and feelings of, 140 e¢ seg.
Individual, injustice to the, defined, Indolent, the, motives of, for com- mitting injustice, 83.
{nduction, rhetorical, 21; an ele- ment of the enthymem, 183.
Inflections, an element of the en- tuymem derivable from, 179.
Injured, the, disposition of, for com- mitting injustice, 83, 85; are ob- jects of fear, 123.
Injury, definition of, 88.
Injustice, two causes of, 68; the motives of, ἐδ.; with what dispo- sitions men commit it, 79 et seg.; various acts of, enumerated and defined, 86 et seg.; on the greater degrees of, 92 δέ seg.; an object of fear, 122.
Innocent, the, objects of fear, 127; sensible of shame, 130.
Insult, legal definition of, 88, 89.
Insulted virtue, an object of fear, Intemperance, illustration of, 128.
Interrogation, on the nature and use of, 267 et seg.
Iphicrates, encomium on himself, a 63; passages from, 181, 182, Ismenias, the orator, 183. Isocrates, passages from, 184, 185.
J.
Jason, a saying of, 85.
Jests, nature of, 241, Judge,the,not to be biassed by appeal. ing to thé passions, 3; laws not to be left to his discretion, 4; ques- tions of fact to be left to him, 5; does not always fulfil the charac- ter. 6; necessity of investing him INDEX.
with a favourable feeling, 103 9 seq. Justice, a constituent of virtue, 58, K.
Καλὸν, τὸ, defined, 57; the various points of the, 59.
Κότταβος, amusement of the, 85, 2.
Kpitijs τοῦ νόμου κάνων, applic: tion of the metaphor, 3, ἢ.
Kuga, use of, 209 et ἢ.
L.
Lacedemonians, custom of wearing the hair among the, 62.
Language, purity of, necessary, 219 et seg.
γεν ie attended with pleasure, Law, forbids irrelevant matter, 7; the various objects of, 29, n.; questions of, 31; peculiar or uni- versal, 67, 86; Demosthenes’ ex- planation of, ἐδ.» n.; written and unwritten, 89; on the violation of, 93; how the orator is to adapt it to his purpose, 94; one of the proofs necessary in judicial ora- tory, 94, 95; distinguished from deeds or compacts, 98.
Learning, attended with pleasure,77.
Legislation, questions of, 31; ac- counts of travellers useful to, 32.
Leodamus, sayings of, 48, 96.
Letters, one of the parts of diction, Liberality, a constituent of virtue, 58 Locrians, law of retaliation among Logic, rhetoric the counterpart of, 1, 28; Zeno’s illustration of, 2, n.; how it differs from rhetoric, 10; ἀληθὲς the subject matter Logician, reasons why he may he the best rhetorician, 7.
Λόγος, explanation of, 14, a, Love, criterion of, 74.
INDEX.
M.
Magnanimity, a constituent of vir- Magnificence, a constituent of vir- Magnitude, the constituent’of beau- Manhood, dispositions and charac- teristics of, 155 et seq.
Mavixwtepa, remarks on, 157, n.
Mankind, characters of, 149.
Manners, definition of, 418, 419; not the end of. tragedy, 418; the various requisites of, 435 et seq.
Manlius, the orator, 189, aoe the inventors of, not known, Maxims, different kinds of, and their use, 169 et seg.; to be used in the proof and narration, 264.
Meanness, illustration of, 128.
Melopeia, a certain part of tragedy, Memory, conducive to pleasure, 73, 74; on recognition by, 439. **Menalippe the Wise,” tragedy of, Μέρος πρὸς μέρος, explanation of, Μεταφοραὶ, use of, 209.
Metaphors, on the nature and use productive of pleasure, 234; four- fold, 236; various instances of, 239; produce personification, 240; on the different species of, 450; exemplifications of, 452; means of employing them, 453, 456; critical objections to, an- swered, 467.
Metre, difference of from rhythm, Metres, mixed, obscurity of, 461.
Monarchy, a form of government, 59 Monstrous, the, not tragic, 433.
Moral excellence, necessary for the orator, 104.
~——— sentiments, different kinds of, their use and advantage, 169 et seq.
Motives, an element of the enthyof injustice, causes of the, 68 et seq.
N.
Narration, on the nature and use of, 258 et seg.; to be made pa- thetic and moral, 261; least used in deliberative oratory, 262.
Narrow-minded, the, disposed to envy, 145.
Natural logic, illustration of, 2, ».
Nature, mankind impelled by, 70; conformity to, attended with plea- sure, 77.
Necessity, acts of, painful, 73.
Noble, distinguished from generous, Nomes, a species of hymns to Apol- Nouns, one of the parts of diction, 449; the different species of, 450, O.
Oaths, one of the proofs necessary in judicial evidence, 100; their fourfold division, 100 e¢ seg.
Objections, fourfold, 198; of the critics answered, 463 e¢ seq.
Offspring, the excellence of a good, 34 Oixeia, use of, 209.
Old Age, a specific good, 37; pase sions, habits, and characteristics of, 152 et seg.
Oligarchy, form of government, 55 Olympic victor, inscription of the, Oration, three things proposed by an, 24; three kinds of, ἐδ.; end peculiar to each, 25; illustration Orator, the object of the deliberative, 25; propositions necessary to, 26, 27, et seg.; objects at which he should aim in exhorting or dissuading, 33 et seg.; should advise on “‘ the means,” 39; should understand the different forms of government, 54 et seg.; virtue and vice the objects of, 57 et seg.; the number and nature of the sources out of which he must construct his reasonings, 67 et seg.; how he is to adapt the laws to his purpose, 94; three requisites necessary for his gain- ing belief, φρόνησις, ἀρετὴ, and εὔνοια, 104; by exciting envy he will remove pity, 147; fables suited to, 167.
Oratory, strictures on previous sys- tems of, 2; judicial preferred to deliberative, 5; five occasions for the employment of, 29; war and peace, 30; demonstrative and deliberative, 64; judicial, 67; five proofs peculiar to, 94; some topics common to all the species of, 160; deliberative more diffi- cult than judicial, 264.
P.
P.
Pean, use of the, 227, 228. Painter, objects of the, 423, n. Painting, attended with pleasure, 77; objects of imitation in, 409; comparisons with, necessary, Pamphilus, the orator, 188. Panegyric, before whom pronounc- ed to be considered, 63; to show that the object of, has acted on principle, 64. Paradoxes, nature of, 241. Parodos, a part of the chorus, 429. Particles, on the proper use of, Passions, on undue appeals to the, 3. of the young, disquisition on the, 149 et seg. Pathos, necessity of, in fable, 428. Peculiar, use of the term, 22. Pericles, saying of, 52; simile of, INDEX.
Periods, on the management of, Perjury, definition of, 102.
Peroration, not always necessary, 250; on the nature and use of Personification, on the characters istics and advantages of, 239 et seg.
Perspicuity, advantages of, 207, n.
Persuasion, how effected, 12; object of, in oratory, 33; means of, 6 Philip of Macedon, argument of Iphicrates against, 181.
Philocrates, anecdote of, 114, Φορτικὸν, explained, 204, n.
Photagoras, sophistry of, 197.
Φρόνιμοι, oi, explanation of, 130, n.
Πίστεις, defined, 11, 12, x; subdi- vision of, 14; remarks on the term, 94, n.
Πίστις, uncertain signification of, 2,.; neglect of the, 3.
ν τῷ ἤθει τοῦ λέγοντος, dis- cussion of the, 103.
Pity, feeling of, 3; closely allied to fear, 124; definition of, 136; dis- quisition on, 136 e¢ seg.; horror distinct from, 139; indignation and envy opposed to, 140, 141; leading principles of, 154; how produced, 432 et seg.
Placability, persons susceptible of, and the occasions on which it is ΤῊΣ 112 et seg.; definition of, Places, use of the expression, 22.
Plato, saying of, 97.
Pleader, business of a, 3, 6.
Pleasure, a specific good, 40; mo« tives comprehended in, 71; what conduces to, 72; definition of, ib.; the various sources which contribute to, 7b. et seq.
Plot, definition of a, 420; applica- tion of unity to, 422; the poet’s object rather than the metre, 425; episodic the worst, ἐδ.; essentials for, in tragedy, 430 et seg.; on recognition in and discovery, 438 INDEX.
“«ἰ seqg.; rules for realizing ideas, 441; general sketch of tonn formed, 442.
Poet, etymology of the name, 408.
Poetic, Aristotle’s, Questions on, 473—-477; Analysis of, with the original Definitions, 478—487.
Poetry, attended with pleasure, 77; ' 8} imitative art, 407 δέ seg.; its influence and different species of, ἐδ.; the various objects of imi- tation, 409; difference of, accord- ing tc the manner of imitating, 410, 411; the causes and progress of, 412 et seg.; how it differs from history, and how historical matter should be used in, 423 et seg.; different words suited to each kind of, 456, 457; on the Epic, 458; false reasonings re- specting, 462.
Poets, means employed by different kinds of, 409; should feel what they write, 441.
Politics, rhetoric an offshoot of,. 13.
Polus, expression of, 191.
Polycrates, the sophist, 195.
Possible and impossible, disquisition on the, 161 e¢ seg.
Poverty, a motive for committing wrong, 82.
Power, attended with pleasure, 78; dispositions and characteristics of men in, 159.
Powerful, the, disposition of, for committing injustice, 80.
Praise and blame, from what con- siderations derived, 57.
Prelude, explained, 251.
Probability, reasonings derived from, 199; on the contingencies Prologue, explained, 251; a part of tragedy, 429.
Proofs, on the nature of, and their various sources, 262 et seg.; pe- culiar to judicial oratory, five in number, 94.
Property, essentials of, 35.
Propositions necessary to the ora- tor, 26, 27, et seq.
Πρόσφατοι, judicial witnesses, 96 Proverbs, one of the proofs neces- sary in judicial oratory, 96; a sort of metaphor, 245.
Provisions, a knowledge of imports and exports of, necessary to the judicial orator, 31.
Prudence, a constituent of virtue, 59; necessary for the orator, 104, Punctuation, critical objections to, answered, 467.
Puns, nature of, 242, 243.
Purity of language, necessity of, 219 et seq.
Q.
Questions, on the nature and use of. in legal proof, 267 e¢ seg.
R.
Reasoning, forms of, 22; derived from four sources, 199; on recog- nition by, 439.
Recognition, on the different kinds of, in the development of plot, Refutation, an element of the en- thymem, 189; more in repute than the confirmative, 191.
—— enthymems to be preferred, Relatives, an element of the enthy- Reprehension, when correct, 470.
Revenge, is honourable, 61; so- phistry of, ἐδ., ἢ.; attended with pleasure, 75.
Revolution, definition of, in fable, 427; feelings excited by the, 428.
Rhetoric, the counterpart of logic, 1, 28; Plato’s opinion of, ἐδ.; can be reduced to a system, 2; strictures of previous systems, ἐδ.; Zeno’s illustration of, ἐδ.» n.; en- thymem the proof of, 7; utility of, %., 8; obiections against tlie abuse of, answered, 9; end and duty of, ἐδ.; how it differs from logic, 10; definition of, 11 e¢ seg.; an offshoot of dialectics and politics, 13, 29; three kinds of, 24, 25; to be treated as a science, 9; on the various parts of, 203 et seg.; its influence, 205; a dis- tinct style appropriate to each species of, 246 et seg.
Rhetoric, Aristotle’s, ‘ Analytical Questions on,’’ 347—384; ‘* Ap- pendix to the Analysis, containing the original Definitions,” 385— —— “ Hobbes’ Brief of the Art of,” Rhetorician, reasons why the logi- cian may excel him, 7.
Rhythm, on the nature and varieties of, 226 et seg.; its difference from metre, 412, ἢ.
Rich, the, objects of fear, 126.
Ridicule, on the nature and use of, 267 et seq.
Rivals, objects of fear, 123; likely to be envied, 146.
5.
Safeguard of the country, questions respecting the, 31.
Sappho, quotation from, 60.
Satyric drama, origin of, 414, νι.
Σχήματα λέξεως, on the meaning Science, takes cognisance of its pe- culiar truths, 49.
Sculpture, attended with pleasure, Tas Selfishness, freedom from, honour- able, 60.
Σημεῖον, definition of, 17 et 86. ἢ enthymems deduced from, 17; reasonings derived from, 199.
Senses, the, an element of the en- thymem, 183.
Sentences, one of the parts of dic- tior 450.
INDEX Sentiment, definition of, 418, 419, on the use of, in tragedy, 446. Shame, definition of, 127; illustrations of, 130 et seg.
Similes, on the nature and use of, 217 et seg.; instances of, 218; effect of, 235; a sort of metaphor, Simonides, verses of, 43; epitaph by, 63; poem of, noticed, 214. Sincere, the, friendliness felt for, Socrates, saying of, 63; conclusive reasoning of, 268.
Σόλοικοι, use of the word, 157, n.
Solon, saying of, 96.
Solution, should arise from the fa- Soothsayers, judicial witnesses of the future, 96.
Σοφιστὴς explained, 10, n.
Sophists, character of, 10, 11; dise putations of the, 196.
Sophocles, sentiment of, 87: saying of, 92; passages from, 95, 191. Sorrow, attended with pleasure, 75. Speaking, different means of per- suading by, 12; importance of the manner of, 12, ”.; various styles of, 14.
Speaker, duties of the first and last, 266; character of the, how con- yeyed, 267.
Speech, three points in a, πίστις, λέξις, and τάξις, 203; three things requisite, μέγεθος, ἁρμονία, and ῥύθμος, 204; delivery of a, 205; on the various parts of a, Stasimon, a part of the chorus, 429.
Stature, excellencies of, 37; quali- ties of, 7b.
Stilbon, the orator, 183.
Strength, definition of, 37.
Style, excellence of, defined, 207; disquisition on, ἐφ. δέ seg.; on the frigidity of, 214 et seg.; on the purity of, 219 et seg.; general rules for, 221, 225; on elevation of, 222 et seg.; what is the most INDEX.
becoming, 224 et seg.; necessity of rhythm, 226; the continuous, 229; the reflex, 230; manage- ment of periods in, 232; on the elegancies and beauties of, 234 et seg.; the three requisites, 236; a distinct one appropriate to each kind of rhetoric, 246 et seg.; de- liberative and judicial, 248.
Successful, the, likely to be en- vied, 146, Syllables, one of the parts of dic- tion, 448.
Syllogism, definition of, 14.
Systems of oratory, strictures on, 2.
τ.
Talented, the, motives of, for com- mitting injustice, 83.
Tattlers, sensible of shame, 131.
Τεκμήριον, definition of, 20, 21; reasonings derived from, 199, Temperance, a constituent of vir- Terrible, definition of the, 426.
Terror, how produced, 432 et seg.
Theft, legal definition of, 88, 89.
Themistocles, expression of, 96.
Theodectes the tragedian and ora- Θορυβοῦνται, mistake in the sense Time, an element of the enthymem, Topics, necessary for removing as- persions, 255 et seg.
Toro, use of the word, 22.
Torture, one of the proofs necessary in judicial oratory, 100 Tragedy, an imitative art, 407; origin of, 413; A®schylus and Sophocles improve it, 414; suit- ableness of Iambic metre to, ἐδ.; similarity of, to epic poetry, 416; on the form and end of, ἐδ. et seqg.; definition of, ἐδ.; of the six parts in, 418; fable the soul of, 419; on the requisites and length of action in, 420 δέ seg.; real names retained in, 424; on the various parts of, the pro- logue, episode, exode, and chorus, 428, 429; essentials for a plot, 430 et seg.; a happy conclusion preferred, 432; the proper plea- sure to be derived from, 433; re- quisites of manners in, 435 et seg.; on complication and de- velopment, 443; four species of, 443, 444; not to be made an epic system, 444; on the diction and sentiments of, 446; necessity for the wonderful, 461; merit of imitation in, as compared with the epic, 470 et seg.; reasons for the superiority of, 472.
Travellers, accounts of, useful to legislation, 32.
“‘Tyro”’ of Sophocles, tragedy of, U.
Ulysses, on the pretended insanity Unity, explanation of, 421, n.; of the fable, 422; one of the paris of diction, 450.
Unjust, disposition of the, for com- mitting wrong, 84.
Ὑποδύεται, note on, 13, ἢ.
Ὑποκριτὴς, various meanings of.
Υ.
Vanity, illustration of, 129, Variety attended with pleasure, 77.
Vengeance, when to be taken, 114.
Verbs, one of the parts of diction, Vexatiousness, definition of, 106, Vice and virtue, the subject dis- cussed, 57 e¢ seg.
Victory attended with pleasure, 75.
Virtue, is honourable, 38, 57; cons stituents of, 58.
--— and. vice, the objects of the orator, 57 et seg.
Virtues, the, a spevific good, 40; an object of emulation, 148. Vulgar, natural logic of the, 2, n.
Ὗ.
Want, a motive for committing wrong, 82.
War and peace, questions of, 30.
Water the best of things, 48.
Wealth, constituents of, 35; ἃ spe- cific good, 41; dispositions con- sequent on, 157, 158.
Will, motive of the, 71.
Wisdom, attended with pleasure, Wise, the, disposed to envy, 145. Witnesses, one of the proofs neces- sary in judicial oratory, 96, 97. Wonderful, the, necessary in tragedy and epic, 461.
INDEX.
Words, on the proper and different 457; on the beauty of, 213; on the invention, extension, contrac- tion, and changes of, 453; on the various kinds of, 454.
Wronged, the, objects of fear, 123.
X.
Xenophanes, the orator, sayings of, Y.
Youth, on the passions and habits of, 149 et seg.
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