^ There are five classes of animals: those Hving in waters (upapa), those living under the ground (upasma = upa-zema), the flying ones (fraptar^at), the running ones (ravas/^arant), the grazing ones (>^angrangha>('); Visperad I, i seq.; Yt. XIII, 74. The representatives of those several classes are the kar ma hi fish, the ermine, the kar^ipt, the hare, and the ass -goat (Pahl. Comm. ad Visp. 1. 1.).
FARVARDIN YAST. 1 83 assaults of Vidotu \ and I develop in it ^ the bones, the hair, the...^, the entrails, the feet, and the sexual organs.
12. ' Had not the awful Fravashis of the faithful given help unto me, those animals and men of mine, of which there are such excellent kinds, would not subsist; strength would belong to the Dru^, the dominion would belong to the Dru^, the material world would belong to the Dru^.
1 3 ' Between the earth and the sky the immaterial creatures would be harassed by the Dru^; between the earth and the sky the immaterial creatures would be smitten by the Dru^; and never afterwards would Angra-Mainyu give way to the blows of Spe;/ta- Mainyu.
14. 'Through their brightness and glory the waters run and flow forward from the never-failing springs; through their brightness and glory the plants grow up from the earth, by the never-failing springs; through their brightness and glory the winds blow, driving down the clouds towards the never-failing springs.
15. 'Through their brightness and glory the females conceive offspring; through their brightness and glory they bring forth in safety; it is through their brightness and glory when they become blessed with children.
16. 'Through their brightness and glory a man is born who is a chief in assemblies and meetings *, who listens well ^ to the (holy) words, whom Wisdom 1 See Vend. IV, 40 [137]. ^ Doubtful.
* Who learns well, who has the gaosho-srGta khratu.
\.
184 YAS'TS AND SIROZAHS.
holds dear \ and who returns a victor from discus- sions with Gaotema, the heretic ^.
' Through their brightness and glory the sun goes his way; through their brightness and glory the moon goes her way; through their brightness and glory the stars go their way.
17. * In fearful battles they are the wisest for help, the Fravashis of the faithful.
'The most powerful amongst the Fravashis of the faithful, O Spitama! are those of the men of the primitive law ^ or those of the Saoshya;^/s ■• not yet born, who are to restore the world. Of the others, the Fravashis of the living faithful are more powerful, O Zarathui^tra! than those of the dead, O Spitama!
18. 'And the man who in life shall treat the Fravashis of the faithful well, will become a ruler of the country with full power, and a chief most strong; so shall any man of you become, who shall treat Mithra well, the lord of wide pastures, and Ari-ta/, who makes the world grow, who makes the world increase.
19. 'Thus do I proclaim unto thee, O pure Spi- tama! the vigour and strength, the glory, the help, and the joy that are in the Fravashis of the faithful, ^ Or, 'who wishes for wisdom' (lore; khratukata=khratu- ^inah).
" Y6 naidhyangho gaotemahe par6 ayau par^toi/ avaiti. This seems to be an allusion to controversies with the Buddhists or Gotama's disciples, whose religion had obtained a footing in the western parts of Iran as early as the second century before Christ. Naidhyangho means a heretic, an Ashemaogha (see Pahl. Comm. ad Yasna XXXIV, 8).
the awful and overpowering Fravashis; and how they come to help me, how they bring assistance unto me, the awful Fravashis of the faithful \' II.
20. Ahura Mazda spake unto Spitama Zara- thui-tra, saying: ' If in this material world, O Spi- tama Zarathui-tra! thou happenest to come upon frightful roads, full of dangers and fears, O Zara- thui-tra! and thou fearest for thyself, then do thou recite these words, then proclaim these fiend-smiting words, O Zarathui'tra!
21. ' " I praise, I invoke, I meditate upon, and we sacrifice unto the good, strong, beneficent Fravashis of the faithful. We worship the Fravashis of the masters of the houses, those of the lords of the boroughs, those of the lords of the towns, those of the lords of the countries, those of the Zarathui'tro- temas ^; the Fravashis of those that are, the Fra- vashis of those that have been, the Fravashis of those that will be; all the Fravashis of all nations ^, and most friendly the Fravashis of the friendly nations; 22. '"Who maintain the sky, who maintain the waters, who maintain the earth, who maintain the cattle, Avho maintain in the womb the child that has been conceived, so that it does not die from the assaults of Vidotu, and develop in it the bones, the hair, the..., the entrails, the feet, and the sexual organs *; 23. '"Who are much -bringing, who move with awfulness, well-moving, swiftly moving, quickly moving, who move when invoked; who are to be invoked in the conquest of good, who are to be in- voked in fights against foes, who are to be invoked in battles; 24. ' " Who give victory to their invoker, who give boons to their lover, who give health to the sick man, who give good Glory to the faithful man that brines libations and invokes them with a sacrifice and words of propitiation ^; 25. '"Who turn to that side where are faithful men, most devoted to holiness, and where is the greatest piety ^ where the faithful man is rejoiced ^ and where the faithful man is not ill-treated ^" ' III.
26. We worship the good, strong, beneficent Fra- vashis of the faithful, who are the mightiest of drivers, the lightest of those driving forwards, the slowest of the retiring ^ the safest ^ of all bridges, the least- erring^ of all weapons and armsS and who never turn their backs \ 27. At once, wherever they come, we worship them, the good ones, the excellent ones, the good, the strong, the beneficent Fravashis of the faithful. They are to be invoked when the bundles of baresma are tied; they are to be invoked in fights against foes, in battles », and there where gallant men strive to conquer foes.
5 Doubtful. * Defensive arms.
FARVARDfN YAST. 187 28. Mazda invoked them for help, when he fixed the sky and the waters and the earth and the plants; when Spe;^ta-Mainyu fixed the sky, when he fixed the waters, when the earth, when the cattle, when the plants, when the child conceived in the womb, so that it should not die from the assaults of Vidotu, and developed in it the bones, the hair, the..., the entrails, the feet, and the sexual organs \ 29. Spe;^ta-Mainyu maintained the sky, and they sustained it from below, they, the strong Fravashis, who sit in silence, gazing with sharp looks; whose eyes and ears are powerful, who bring long joy, high and high-girded; well-moving and moving afar, loud- snorting 2, possessing riches and a high renown.
IV.
30. We worship the good, strong, beneficent Fravashis of the faithful; whose friendship is good, and who know how to benefit; whose friendship lasts long; who like to stay in the abode where they are not harmed by its dwellers; who are good, beautiful afar ^, health-giving, of high renown, con- quering in battle, and who never do harm first.
V.
V.
31. We worship the good, strong, beneficent Fravashis of the faithful; whose will is dreadful unto those who vex them; powerfully working and most beneficent; who in battle break the dread arms of their foes and haters.
"^ They arc compared to horses; cf. Yt. VIII, 2. ^ Their beauty is seen afar. One manuscript has ' known afar; ' another, ' whose eyesight reaches far.'
A 1 88 YASTS AND SIROZAHS.
VI.
32. We worship the good, strong, beneficent Fravashis of the faithful; Hberal, vaHant, and full of strength, not to be seized by thought, welfare- giving, kind, and health-giving, following with Ashi's remedies, as far as the earth extends, as the rivers stretch, as the sun rises ^ VII.
33. We worship the good, strong, beneficent Fravashis of the faithful, who gallantly and bravely fight, causing havoc, wounding^, breaking to pieces all the malice of the malicious, Daevas and men, and smiting powerfully in battle, at their wish and will.
34. You kindly deliver the Victory made by Ahura, and the crushing Ascendant, most bene- ficently, to those countries where you, the good ones, unharmed and rejoiced, unoppressed and unoffended, have been held worthy of sacrifice and prayer, and proceed the way of your wish.
VIII.
VIII.
35. We worship the good, strong, beneficent Fravashis of the faithful, of high renown, smiting in battle, most strong, shield-bearing and harmless to those who are true, whom both the pursuing and the fleeing invoke for help: the pursuer invokes ^ All the beneficent powers hidden in the earth, in the waters, and in the sun, and which Ashi Vanguhi (Yt. XVII) imparts to man.
^ Doubtful: urvaSnaitiJ".
FARVARDIN YAST, 189 them for a swift race, and for a swift race does the fleer invoke them; 36. Who turn to that side where are faithful men, most devoted to hoHness, and where is the greatest piety, where the faithful man is rejoiced, and where the faithful man is not ill-treated \ IX.
37. We worship the good, strong, beneficent Fravashis of the faithful, who form many battalions, girded with weapons ^, lifting up spears, and full of sheen; who in fearful battles come rushing along where the gallant heroes^ go and assail the Danus^.
38. There you destroy the victorious strength of the Turanian Danus; there you destroy the malice of the Turanian Danus; through you the chiefs^ are of high intellect ^ and most successful; they, the gallant heroes ^ the gallant Saoshya?^/s^ the gallant conquerors of the offspring of the Danus chiefs of myriads, who wound with stones ^ X.
39. We worship the good, strong, beneficent Fravashis of the faithful, who rout the two wings of an army standing in battle array, who make the centre swerve, and swiftly pursue onwards, to help the faithful and to distress the doers of evil deeds.
XI.
40. We worship the good, strong, beneficent * Hvira; see iStudes Iraniennes, II, 183.
I90 YA^TS AND SIROZAHS.
Fravashis of the faithful; awful, overpowering, and victorious, smiting in battle, sorely wounding, blow- ing away (the foes), moving along to and fro, of good renown, fair of body, godly of soul, and holy; who give victory to their invoker, who give boons to their lover, who give health to the sick man ^; 41. Who give good glory to him who worships them with a sacrifice, as that man did worship them, the holy Zarathui'tra, the chief of the material world, the head of the two-footed race, in whatever struggle he had to enter, in whatever distress he did fear; 42. Who, when well invoked, enjoy bliss in the heavens; who, when well invoked, come forward from the heavens, who are the heads ^ of that sky above, possessing the well-shapen Strength, the Vic- tory made by Ahura, the crushing Ascendant, and Welfare ^, the wealth-bringing, boon-bringing, holy, well fed, worthy of sacrifice and prayer in the per- fection of holiness.
43. They shed Satavaesa* between the earth and the sky, him to whom the waters belong ^ who listens to appeals and makes the waters flow and the plants grow up, to nourish animals and men, to nourish the Aryan nations, to nourish the five kinds of animals", and to help the faithful '^.
44. Satavaesa comes down and flows between the earth and the sky, he to whom the waters be- long, who listens to appeals and makes the waters and the plants grow up, fair, radiant, and full of ^ 'The chief creatures;' cf. Gah II, 8, * Saoka; cf. Sirozah I, 3, note.
A FARVARDIN YA^T. I9I light, to nourish animals and men, to nourish the Aryan nations, to nourish the five kinds of animals, and to help the faithful.
XII.
45. We worship the good, strong, beneficent Fravashis of the faithful; with helms of brass, with weapons of brass, with armour ^ of brass; who struggle in the fights for victory in garments of light, arraying the battles and bringing them for- wards, to kill thousands of Daevas.
When the wind blows from behind them ^ and brings their breath unto men, 46. Then men know where blows the breath of victory: and they pay pious homage unto the good, strong, beneficent Fravashis of the faithful, with their hearts prepared and their arms uplifted.
47. Whichever side they have been first wor- shipped in the fulness of faith of a devoted heart ^ to that side turn the awful Fravashis of the faithful, along with Mithra and Rashnu and the awful cursing thought ^ of the wise and the victorious wind.
48. And those nations are smitten at one stroke by their fifties and their hundreds, by their hundreds and their thousands, by their thousands and their tens of thousands, by their tens of thousands and their myriads of myriads, against which turn the awful Fravashis of the faithful, along with Mithra and Rashnu, and the awful cursing thought of the wise and the victorious wind.
^ Doubtful. 2 Literally, blows- them within.
192 YA^'TS AND SIROZAHS.
XIII.
49. We worship the good, strong, beneficent Fravashis of the faithful, who come and go through the borough at the time of the Hamaspathmaedha^; they go along there for ten nights, asking thus ^: 50. ' Who will praise us? Who will offer us a sacrifice? Who will meditate upon us? Who will bless us^? Who will receive us with meat and clothes in his hand * and with a prayer worthy of bliss ^? Of which of us will the name be taken for invocation*'? Of which of you will the soul be wor- shipped by you with a sacrifice"^? To whom will this gift of ours be given, that he may have never- failinof food for ever and ever?'
51. And the man who offers them up a sacrifice, 1 The sixth and last Gahambar (see Afrigan Gahambar), or the last ten days of the year (ioth-20th March), including the last five days of the last month, Sapendarmad, and the five complementary days. These last ten days should be spent in deeds of charity, religious banquets (gasan), and ceremonies in memory of the dead. It was also at the approach of the spring that the Romans and the Athenians used to offer annual sacrifices to the dead; the Romans in February 'qui tunc extremus anni mensis erat' (Cicero, De Legibus, II, 21), the Athenians on the third day of the Anthesterion feast (in the same month). The souls of the dead were supposed to partake of the new life then beginning to circulate through nature, that had also been dead during the long months of winter.
'^ Perhaps: asking for help, thus.
^ Frina/: who will pronounce the Afrin?
* To be given in alms to poor Mazdayasnians (asho-dad).
^ Asha-nasa: that makes him reach the condition of one of the blessed (ahlayih arzanik, "Vend. XVIII, 6 [17]): the Sanskrit translation has, ' that is to say, that makes him worthy of a great reward.'
* As in the invocations from § 87 to the end.
' An allusion to the formula: 'I sacrifice to the Fravashi of my own soul,' Yasna XXIII, 4 [6].
FARVARDiN VAST. 1 93 with meat and clothes in his hand, with a prayer worthy of bliss, the awful Fravashis of the faithful, satisfied, unharmed, and unoffended, bless thus: 52. 'May there be in this house flocks of animals and men! May there be a swift horse and a solid chariot! May there be a man who knows how to praise God ^ and rule in an assembly, who will offer us sacrifices with meat and clothes in his hand, and with a prayer worthy of bliss ^.'
XIV.
53. We worship the good, strong, beneficent Fravashis of the faithful, who show beautiful paths to the waters, made by Mazda, which had stood before for a long time in the same place without flowing^: 54. And now they flow along the path made by Mazda, along the way made by the gods, the watery way appointed to them, at the wish of Ahura Mazda, at the wish of the Amesha-Spe/ztas.
XV.
55. We worship the good, strong, beneficent Fravashis of the faithful, who show a beautiful growth to the fertile* plants, which had stood before for a long time in the same place without growing: 56. And now they grow up along the path made ^ Stahyo: stutikaro (Sansk. tr.; cf. Atash Nyayij, 10).
2 §§ 49-52 are a part of the so-called Afrigan Dahman (a prayer recited in honour of the dead); a Sanskrit translation of that Afrigan has been published by Burnouf in his Etudes zendes.
^ In winter.
* Doubtful. The word is /iz^awrira, which Aspendiarji makes synonymous with /k- a par a, kind, merciful (Visperad XXI [XXIV], i).
194 YA^TS AND SIROZAHS.
by Mazda, along the way made by the gods, in the time appointed to them, at the wish of Ahura Mazda, at the wish of the Amesha-Spe;^tas.
XVI.
57. We worship the good, strong, beneficent Fravashis of the faithful, who showed their paths to the stars, the moon, the sun, and the endless lights, that had stood before for a long time in the same place, without moving forwards, through the oppres- sion of the Daevas and the assaults of the Daevas\ 58. And now they move around in their far- revolving circle for ever, till they come to the time of the good restoration of the world.
XVII.
59. We worship the good, strong, beneficent Fravashis of the faithful, who watch over the bright sea Vouru-Kasha^, to the number of ninety thou- sand, and nine thousand, and nine hundred, and ninety-nine.
XVIII.
60. We worship the good, strong, beneficent Fravashis of the faithful, who watch over the stars Hapt6iri;^ga^, to the number of ninety thousand, and nine thousand, and nine hundred, and ninety- nine.
XIX.
61. We worship the good, strong, beneficent Fravashis of the faithful, who watch over the body ^ Bundahij VI, 3.
2 To keep the white Horn there from the evil beings that try- to destroy it (Minokhirad LXII, 28).
FARVARDtN VAST. I95 of Keresaspa, the son of Sama^ the club-bearer with plaited hair, to the number of ninety thousand, and nine thousand, and nine hundred, and ninety- nine.
XX.
62. We worship the good, strong, beneficent Fravashis of the faithful, who watch over the seed of the holy Zarathui'tra ^, to the number of ninety thousand, and nine thousand, and nine hundred, and ninety-nine.
XXI.
62,. We worship the good, strong, beneficent Fravashis of the faithful, who fio^ht at the rio-ht hand of the reigning lord, if he rejoices the faithful ^ and if the awful Fravashis of the faithful are not hurt by him, if they are rejoiced by him, unharmed and unoffended.
XXII.
64. We worship the good, strong, beneficent Fravashis of the faithful, who are greater, who are ^ Keresaspa lies asleep in the plain of Pe^yansai; ' the glory (far) of heaven stands over him for the purpose that, when Az-i- Dahak becomes unfettered, he may arise and slay him; and a myriad guardian spirits of the righteous are as a protection to him ' (Bundahij XXIX, 8; tr. West).
^ ' ZaratiiJt went near unto Hvov (Hvogvi, his wife) three times, and each time the seed went to the ground; the angel Neryosang received the brilliance and strength of that seed, delivered it with care to the angel Anahid, and in time will blend it with a mother' (Bundahij XXXII, 8). A maid, EredaZ-fedhri, bathing in Lake Kasava, will conceive by that seed and bring forth the Saviour Saoshyaw/; his two fore-runners, UkhshyaZ-ereta and UkhshyaZ-nemah, will be born in the same way of SrutaZ-fedhri and Vanghu-fedhri (Yt. XIII, 141-142).
» With alms.
ig6 YA5TS AND stROZAHS.
Stronger, who are swifter, who are more powerful, who are more victorious, who are more heaHng, who are more effective than can be expressed by words; who run by tens of thousands into the midst of the Myazdas.
65. And when the waters come up from the sea Vouru-Kasha, O Spitama Zarathurtra! along with the Glory made by Mazda \ then forwards come the awful Fravashis of the faithful, many and many hundreds, many and many thousands, many and many tens of thousands, 66. Seeking water for their own kindred, for their own borough, for their own town, for their own country, and saying thus: ' May our own country have a good store and full joy!'
67. They fight in the battles that are fought in their own place and land, each according to the place and house where he dwelt (of yore) -: they look like a gallant warrior who, girded up and watchful, fights for the hoard he has treasured up.
68. And those of them who win bring waters to their own kindred, to their own borough, to their own town, to their own country, saying thus: ' May my country grow and increase! ' 69. And when the all-powerful sovereign of a country has been surprised by his foes and haters, he invokes them, the awful Fravashis of the faithful.
70. And they come to his help, if they have not been hurt by him, if they have been rejoiced by him, if they have not been harmed nor offended, the awful Fravashis of the faithful: they come flying unto him, it seems as if they were well-winged birds.
1 Cf. Yt. XIX, 56 seq.; VIII, 34. « Doubtful.
FARVARDIN YAST. 1 97 71. They come in as a weapon and as a shield, to keep him behind and to keep him in front, from the Dru^ unseen, from the female Varenya fiend, from the evil-doer bent on mischief, and from that fiend who is all death, Angra Mainyu. It will be as if there were a thousand men watching over one man^; 72. So that neither the sword well-thrust, neither the club well-falling, nor the arrow well-shot, nor the spear well-darted, nor the stones flung from the arm shall destroy him.
yT,. They come on this side, they come on that side, never resting, the good, powerful, beneficent Fravashis of the faithful, asking for help thus: 'Who will praise us? Who will offer us a sacrifice? Who will meditate upon us? Who will bless us? Who will receive us with meat and clothes in his hand and with a prayer worthy of bliss? Of which of us will the name be taken for invocation? Of which of you will the soul be worshipped by you with a sacrifice? To whom will that gift of ours be given, that he may have never-failing food for ever and ever 2?'
74. We worship the perception^; we worship the intellect; we worship the conscience; we worship those of the Saoshya;//s^; We worship the souls; those of the tame animals; those of the wild animals; those of the animals that live in the waters; those of the animals that live under the ground; those of the flying ones; those of the running ones; those of the grazing ones ^.
We worship their Fravashis ^.
75. We worship the Fravashis. We worship them, the hberal; We worship them, the vaHant; we worship them, the most vaHant; We worship them, the beneficent; we worship them, the most beneficent; We worship them, the powerful; We worship them, the most strong; We worship them, the Hght; we worship them, the most hght; We worship them, the effective; we worship them, the most effective.
76. They are the most effective amongst the creatures of the two Spirits, they the good, strong, beneficent Fravashis of the faithful, who stood holding fast when the two Spirits created the world, the Good Spirit and the Evil One ^.
77. When Angra Mainyu broke into the creation of the good holiness, then came in across Vohu Mano and Atar ^ 78. They destroyed the malice of the fiend Angra Mainyu, so that the waters did not stop flowing nor did the plants stop growing; but at once the most beneficent waters of the creator and * There seems to be in this paragraph a distinction of five faculties of the soul, asna, mana, daena, urvan, fravashi. The usual classification, as given in this Yast, § 149, and in later Parsism (Spiegel, Die traditionelle Literatur der Parsen, p. 172), is: ahu, spirit of life (?); daena, conscience; b aodh 6, perception; urvan, the soul; fravashi.
^ The Fravashis, ' on war horses and spear in hand, were around the sky...and no passage was found by the evil spirit, who rushed back ' (Bund. VI, 3-4; tr. West).
^ Cf Ormazd et Ahriman, § 107.
FARVARDiN VAST. I 99 ruler, Ahura Mazda, flowed forward and his plants went on growing.
79. We worship all the waters; We worship all the plants; We worship all the good, strong, beneficent Fravashis of the faithful.
We worship the waters by their names ^; We worship the plants by their names ^; We worship the good, strong, beneficent Frava- shis of the faithful by their names.
80. Of all those ancient Fravashis, we worship the Fravashi of Ahura Mazda; who is the greatest, the best, the fairest, the most solid, the wisest, the finest of body and supreme in holiness ^; 81. Whose soul is the Mathra Spe;^ta, who is white, shining, seen afar; and we worship the beau- tiful forms, the active forms wherewith he clothes the Amesha-Spe;^tas; we worship the swift-horsed sun.
XXIII.
82. We worship the good, strong, beneficent Fravashis of the Amesha-Spe;^tas, the bright ones, whose looks perform what they wish, the tall, quickly coming to do, strong, and lordly, who are undecaying and holy; 8^. Who are all seven of one thought, who are all seven of one speech, who are all seven of one deed; whose thought is the same, whose speech is the same, whose deed is the same, whose father and ^ That is to say, after their different kinds (described in Yasna XXXVIII, 3, 5 [7-9, 13-14]; LXVIII, 8 [LXVII, 15]; and Bund. XXI).
2 After their kinds (Bund. XXVII). " Cf. Yasna I, i.
200 YA^TS AND siROZAHS.
commander is the same, namely, the Maker, Ahura Mazda; 84. Who see one another's soul thinking of good thoughts, thinking of good words, thinking of good deeds, thinking of Garo-nmana, and whose ways ^ are shining as they go down towards the libations^.
XXIV.
85. We worship the good, strong, beneficent Fravashis: that of the most rejoicing ^ fire, the beneficent and assembly-making^; and that of the holy, strong Sraosha ^, who is the incarnate Word, a mighty-speared and lordly god; and that of Nairyo-sangha ^ 86. And that of Rashnu Razii'ta''; That of Mithra ^, the lord of wide pastures; That of the Mathra-Spe;/ta ^; That of the sky; That of the waters; That of the earth; That of the plants; That of the Bull ''; That of the living man"; That of the holy creation ^^.
87. We worship the Fravashi of Gaya Maretan^^, ' The Vedic devayana. ^ q^ yt. XIX, 15, 17.
^ Urvazii-ta. As a proper name Urvazijta is the name of the fire in plants (Yasna XVII, 11 [65], and Bund. XVII, i).
* At the hearth and the altar. ^ See Yt. XI.
« See Vend. XXII, 7. ' See Yt. XII.
' See Yt. X. » The Holy Word. "^ See Sirozah I, 12.
" Of mankind; possibly, of Gaya (Maretan).
12 Doubtful.
^^ The first man. On the myths of Gaya Maretan, see Ormazd FARVARdJn YA5T. 20I who first listened unto the thought and teaching of Ahura Mazda; of whom Ahura formed the race of the Aryan nations, the seed of the Aryan nations.
We worship the piety and the Fravashi of the holy Zarathui^tra; \ 88. Who first thought what is good, who first spoke what is good, who first did what is good; who was the first Priest, the first Warrior, the first Plougher of the ground ^; who first knew and first taught; who first possessed ^ and first took pos- session of the BulP, of Holiness*, of the Word, the obedience to the Word, and dominion, and all the good things made by Mazda, that are the offspring of the good Principle; 89. Who was the first Priest, the first Warrior, the first Plougher of the ground; who first took the turning of the wheel ^ from the hands of the Daeva and of the cold-hearted man; who first in the material world pronounced the praise of Asha*', thus bringing the Daevas to naught, and confessed himself a worshipper of Mazda, a follower of Zarathui'tra, one who hates the Daevas, and obeys the laws of Ahura. -^ 90. Who first in the material world said the word that destroys the Daevas, the law of Ahura; who first in the material world proclaimed the word that destroys the Daevas, the law of Ahura; who ^ As having established those three classes. His three earthly sons, Isa/-vastra, Urvata/-nara, and //z'are-X'ithra (§ 98), were the chiefs of the three classes. Cf.Vend. Introd. Ill, 15, note 3.
^ The divine Order, Ash a, ^ The wheel of sovereignty (?); cf. Yt X, 67; this expression smacks of Buddhism.
® Who first pronounced the Ashem Vohii; cf. Yt. XXI.
202 YA^-TS AND SIROZAHS.
first in the material world declared all the creation of the Daevas unworthy of sacrifice and prayer; who was strong, giving all the good things of life, the first bearer of the Law amongst the nations; 91. In whom was heard the whole Mathra, the word of holiness; who was the lord and master of the world \ the pralser of the most great, most good and most fair Asha^; who had a revelation of the Law, that most excellent of all beings; 92. For whom the Amesha-Spe/ztas longed, in one accord with the sun, in the fulness of faith of a devoted heart; they longed for him, as the lord and master of the world, as the praiser of the most great, most good, and most fair As ha, as having a revela- tion of the Law, that most excellent of all beings; 93. In whose birth and growth the waters and the plants rejoiced; In whose birth and growth the waters and the plants grew; in whose birth and growth all the creatures of the good creations cried out, HaiP!
A 94. ' Hail to us! for he Is born, the Athravan, Spltama Zarathui'tra. Zarathu^tra will offer us sacrifices with libations and bundles of baresma; and there will the good Law of the worshippers of Mazda come and spread through all the seven Karshvares of the earth.
95. ' There will Mithra, the lord of wide pastures, increase all the excellences of our countries, and allay their troubles; there will the powerful Apam- Napa/^ increase all the excellences of our countries, and allay their troubles.'
^ Material lord and spiritual master..
^ The reciter of the Ashem Vohft.
FARVARDIN YAST.
We worship the piety and Fravashi of Maidhyo- m^ungha, the son of Arasti ^, who first Hstened unto the word and teaching of Zarathu^tra.
XXV.
96. We worship the Fravashi of the holy Asmo- hv2.VLV2Jit ^; We worship the Fravashi of the holy Asan- hv2inv2.nt.
We worship the Fravashi of the holy Gavayan.
We worship the Fravashi of the holy Parsha^*- ^aws ^, the son of Frata; We worship the Fravashi of the holy Vohvasti, the son of Snaoya; We worship the Fravashi of the holy Isva/, the son of Varaza.
97. We worship the Fravashi of the holy Saena, the son of Ahum-stu^f ^ who first appeared upon this earth with a hundred pupils ^ We worship the Fravashi of the holy Fradhi- daya.
We worship the Fravashi of the holy Usmanara, the son of Paeshata.