the designs of C. Gracchus.
P =Pălātĭum, -i=: n.: the Palatine hill was the largest of the seven hills on which Rome was built. Romulus laid here the foundation of the city, and here in the imperial period were the residences of the Roman emperors.
=Praeneste, -is=: n.: now _Palestrina_, an ancient city of Latium, 23 miles S.E. of Rome. Its citadel was remarkable for the strength of its position.
R =Rōma, -ae=: f.: Rome, a celebrated town on the Tiber.
=Rōmānus, -a, -um=: adj.: of or belonging to Rome: _Roman_.
=Rōmŭlus, -i=: m.; the founder of Rome and king of the city from 753-715 B.C.
S violent partisan of Marius, who abetted him in his numerous misdeeds. He is said to have caused the death of C. Memmius 102 B.C. At length, after many cruel acts, the people became aroused against him, and he was slain in the forum.
His character was held in the highest estimation by his countrymen. He opposed the measures of Gracchi. After the death of Tiberius Gracchus, unpopularity overtook Scipio, and he was sent to Asia, where he died of chagrin.
individual, put to death 121 B.C.
=Stator=: “the flight staying:” an epithet of Juppiter.
ABBREVIATIONS.
abl...ablative.
acc...accusative.
adj...adjective.
adv...adverb.
cp...compare.
com. gen...common gender.
comp...comparative degree.
conj...conjunction.
dat...dative.
def...defective.
dep...deponent.
dim...diminutive.
f...feminine.
fr...from.
fut...future.
gen...genitive.
Gr...Greek.
inc...inceptive.
inch...inchoative.
ind...indicative.
indef...indefinite.
inf...infinitive.
intens...intensive.
m...masculine.
n...neuter.
nom...nominative.
num...numeral.
part...participle.
pa...participal adjective.
pass...passive.
perf...perfect.
pl...plural.
pos...positive degree.
poss...possessive.
prep...preposition.
pres...present.
pret...preteritive.
pron...pronoun.
rel...relative.
sing...singular.
subj...subjunctive.
sup...superlative degree.
voc...vocative.
=...equal to.
_N.B._--Where the etymology is not given, the word is of very uncertain or unknown origin.
VOCABULARY.
A ā, ab, abs, prep. with abl. (a, only before consonants; ab, before vowels and consonants). _From, away from; by_ [akin to Gr. ἀπ-ό].
ab-eo, īre, īi, ĭtum, v. n. [ab, “away;” ĕo, “to go”] _To go away, depart._ ab-horreo, horrui, no sup., horrēre, n. and a. [ab, “from;” horreo, “to dread”] _To be averse_ or _disinclined to; to be free from._ ab-sum, esse, fui, n. irreg. _To be away from; to be absent._ ab-ūtor, ūsus sum, uti, dep. n. [ab, “away from,” hence “wrongly;” utor, ac, conj. (used before consonants). _And._ ācer, ācris, ācre, adj. [AC, “to sharpen”] _Sharp, severe._ ācr-ĭter, adv. (ācer) _Strongly, sharply, keenly._ ad, prep. with acc.
--With Gerunds or Gerundives: _For, for the purposes of._ ad-dūco, duxi, ductum, dūcĕre, a. [ad, “to;” duco, “I lead”] _To lead to; induce, lead._ ad-eo, adv. _So far; so long; so much._ ad-fero, ferre, attuli, allātum, irr. a. (ad; fero) _To bring to, bring._ adflic-to, tāvi, tātum, tāre, a., intens. (for adflig-to, fr. adflig-o).
_To greatly trouble, harass, annoy._ ad-grego: see aggrego.
ad-hibeo, hibui, hibitum, hĭbēre, a. (ad; habeo) _To apply to, to use, employ._ ad-huc, adv. _Thus far, up to this time._ assistant._ ad-mīror, mīratus sum; mīrari [ad, “to;” miror, “to wonder at”] dep. _To wonder at, admire._ ad-sĕquor, secūtus (quūtus), sequi, dep. a. _To follow, pursue._ ad-servo, servāvi, servātum, servāre [ad, “to;” servo, “to keep”] _To preserve, protect._ ad-sĭdĕo, sēdi, sessum, sĭdēre [ad, “near;” sedeo, “to sit”] n. (ad; sedeo) _To sit by_ or _near._ ădŭlesc-ens, entis, m. and f. [ad, “to;” ŏlesco, “to grow;” the root assumes the form of AL, OL, UL, in Latin as _altus, sub-oles, adultus_] _A young man_ (from the 15th or 17th until past the 30th year).
aeger, gra, grum, adj. _Weak, sick._ aequus, a, um, adj. [root IK, “to make even:” cp. aequor] _Plain, smooth, even;_ aequo animo, _with great composure._ aes-tus, ūs, m. [for aed-tus: root AED, “to burn:” cp. aestas; αἴθω] _Heat._ aet-ernus, a, um, adj. [for ae (vi) ternus: root AIV, a lengthened form ag-grĕgo, grĕgāvi, grĕgātum, gregare, v. a. [ad; grex, _to lead to a a-gnosco, gnōvi, gnĭtum, gnoscĕre, a. (for ad-gnosco, gnosco = nosco) _To recognize, to discern._ ăgo, ĕgi, actum, ăgĕre [AG, “to set in motion”] a. _To drive; to do, perform, effect; to treat; plead._ aio, def. [root AGH, “to say”] _To speak; to say “yes;” to affirm._ ălĭ-ēnus, a, um, adj. (ali-us, belonging to the) _Belonging to another, foreign; unfriendly._ ălĭqu-ando, adv. (aliquis, _of time, past, future, and present. At some time or other; at length._ ălĭ-qui, qua, quod, indef. pron. adj, (ali-us; qui) _Some, any._ ălĭquid, adv. (adverbial neut. acc. of aliquis) _In some degree, somewhat._ ălĭ-quis, aliquid [fem. sing, and fem. and neut. plur. not used; alius; quis, root AL, “another:” cp. alter, ἄλλος: Eng. else], indef. pron.
subst. _Some one, any one; something._ ălĭquo, adv. (adverbial abl. of aliquis) _Some whither, to some place._ ălĭ-quot, indef. num. adj., indecl. (alius; quot) _Some, several._ ălĭus, a, ud, adj, (gen. sing. alĭus, dat. alii) _Another, other_; alius...alius, _one...another._ ălo, ălŭi, ălĭtum, or altum, alĕre, a. _To nourish; to foster._ altārĭa, ium, n. (alt-um, things pertaining to the; hence) _An altar._ āmentĭa, ae, f. [a, prio, mens, “mind”] _Madness._ am-plus, a, um, adj. [am = ambi, “around;” root PLE, “to fill;” hence an, conj. _Or, whether._ ănĭm-adverto, verti, versum, advertĕre, a. (animus; adverto) _To attend to; to consider, perceive_; animadvertere in aliquem, _to inflict punishment on one._ annus, i, m. [perhaps for amnus; root AM, “to go round”] _A year._ ante, prep. with acc. _Before, in front of;_ as adverb, _before, previously._ ăperte, adv. (apertus) _Openly._ ăpud, prep. with acc. (obs. apo, _to seize_) _Near, at, by, with._ ăqua, ae, f. _Water._ ăquĭla, ae, f. [AC, “sharp,” or “swift”] _The eagle; the standard of the legion._ arbĭtr-or, ātus sum, ari, v. dep. a. [ar = ad, “to;” bito, “to go:” hence one who approaches a cause to enquire into it] _To judge, think._ arcĕo, arcŭi, no sup., arcēre [root ARC, “to protect:” cp. arcus, ἀρκεῖν] a. _To shut up; to keep_ or _hold off._ ardĕo, arsi, arsum, ardēre, n. _To burn, blaze._ argent-ĕus, a, um, adj. (argentum, pertaining to) _Of silver._ arma, ōrum, n. pl. [root AR, “to fit:” hence all things fitted on] _Arms, weapons._ arm-o, āvi, ātum, āre. _To furnish with arms; to arm._ at [old form _ast_: cp. ἀτ-άρ], conj. _But, yet_ (to introduce a reason for a supposed objection), _but certainly, but consider._ atque or āc (the latter only before consonants), conj. _And also, and especially._ ātrox, ōcis, [a, intens.: trux, “cruel”] adj. _Horrid, terrible, frightful._ at-tendo (3), tendi, tentum, a. (ad; tendo) _To apply the mind to; to consider._ auctor, ōris, m. (augeo) _An author, contriver._ auctōrĭtas, ātis, f. (auctor) _Authority._ audā-cĭa, ae, f. (audax, the quality of the) _Audacity, insolence._ audĕo, ausus sum, audēre, semidep. _To dare._ audĭo, audĭvi, audītum, audīre [AV, “to hear”] a. _To hear._ auspĭc-ĭum, ii, n. (auspex, _a bird inspector, diviner_, one who marks the flight and cries of birds, and then gives predictions] _Augury from birds, auspices._ autem, conj. _But, moreover._ grandfather._ B b-ellum (old form du-ellum), i, n. (duo, _a contest between two bĭbo, bibi, no sup., bĭbĕre [root PO, “to drink;” cp. poto, πίνω], a.
_To drink._ bŏnus, a, um, adj. (comp. melior, sup. optimus) _Good, well-disposed._ brĕvis, e, adj. [root FRAG, “to break”] _Little, small, short._ C caedes, is, f. [root CAD, “to fall:” cp. cado] _Slaughter._ caelum, i, n. [for cavillum; fr. cavus, “hollow”] _Heaven._ calamitas, ātis, f. [for cadamitas; root CAD, “to fall”] _Loss, calamity, disaster._ campus, i, m. [root SCAP, “to dig:” cp. κῆπος] _A plain, field._ căpĭo, cēpi, captum, căpĕre [root CAP, “to hold”] a. _To take_; consilium capere, _to form a plan_.
carcer, ĕris, m. [root ARC, “to enclose:” cp. ark] _A prison._ cărĕo, ŭi, ĭtum, ēre, n. _To be without._ cārus, a, um, adj. [for camrus: cam, “to love:” amare = (c)amare] _Dear, precious._ castrum, i, n. [for scadtrum: SCAD, “to cover:” Eng. shed] _A castle, fort_; in pl., castra, ōrum, n. _a camp_.
causa, ae, f. _A cause, reason._ cēdo, cessi, cessum, cēdĕre, n. _To go; to yield._ certē, adv. (certus) _Certainly._ cēterus, a, um, (the nom. sing, masc. not in use), adj. _The other, the rest, the remainder._ circum-clūdo, clūsi, clūsum, clūdĕre (circum; claudo). _To shut in, enclose._ circum-sto, steti, no sup., stāre, n. or a. _To stand around._ cīvis, is, com. gen. [root CI, “to lie,” or “dwell:” hence “a dweller”] _A citizen._ cīv-itas, ātis, f. (id., the condition or state of the; gen. pl., ium clāmo, clāmāvi, clāmātum, clāmăre [root CAL, “to shout”] n. and a. _To call, shout aloud._ clārus, a, um, adj. [root KAL. “to call”] _Clear, renowned._ clē-mens, mentis, adj. (clino, _to bend_; mens, _having the heart bent_) _Mild, kind._ coepi, coepisse, a. or n. def. (contracted fr. co-apio, fr. con; apo, co-erceo, ui, itum, ercere, a. (con; arceo, _to shut up_) _To surround, restrain, check._ coe-tus, tūs, m. [con, “together:” eo, “to go”] _A coming together; an assemblage, company._ cō-gito, gitāvi, gĭtātum, gĭtăre [co = con, “together:” agito, “to set in motion”] _To weigh thoroughly in the mind; to think over; reflect upon; plan._ co-gnosco, gnōvi, gnitum, gnoscĕre, a. [co (= cum), in augmentative sense; gnosco = nosco, “to become acquainted with”] _To know._ col-ligo, lēgi, lectum, lĭgĕre [col (= cum), in an augmentative sense; lego, “to gather”] _To gather or collect together._ cŏlōn-ĭa, ae, f. [root COL, “to till;” cp. colo] _A colony, settlement._ cŏm-e-s, ĭtis, com. gen. (con; eo, _one who goes with another_) _A companion._ cŏm-ĭ-tĭum, ii, n. (con; i, root of eo, _a coming together_) _The Comitium_, i.e. the place where the Romans assembled to vote; in pl., com-mitto, mīsi, missum, mittĕre, a. (con; mitto, _to cause to go com-mŏvĕo, mōvi, mōtum, mŏvēre, a. (con; moveo) _To move, rouse._ com-păro, părāvi, părātum, părārĭ, v. a. [com = cum; paro, “to prepare”] _To make ready._ com-pĕrio, pĕri, pertum, perīre, a. (cum; root per, akin to perior, _to compĕt-ītor, ōris, m. [com = cum; peto, “to seek;” hence to seek office] com-plūres, a, and ia, adj. (con; plus) _Several together, very many._ com-prĕhendo, prĕhendi, prĕhensum, prehendere [com = cum; intensive: prehendo, “to seize”] _To lay hold of, arrest._ com-prĭmo, pressi, pressum, primĕre, a. (con; premo) _To press together; to hinder, check._ con-cēdo, cessi, cessum, cēdĕre, n. or a. _To depart, withdraw._ up, excite._ con-cŭpi-sco, cŭpīvi or cŭpii, cŭp-ītum, cŭpiscĕre, a. inch, (con; cupi-o) _To be very desirous of; to long for._ concur-sus, sūs, m. [for concurr-sus, fr. concurr-o, the action of) _A running, flocking together; a concourse._ con-demno, demnāvi, demnātum, demnāre, v. a. [con = cum, intensive; con-fĕro, ferre, tŭli, lātum, a. [con = cum, intensive; fero, “to bring” or “bear”] _To bring; to carry; to direct; to arrange._ con-ficio, fēci, fectum, fĭcĕre, a, (con; facio) _To prepare, complete; to exhaust._ con-fīdo, fīsus sum, fīdĕre, n. or a. semi-dep. _To trust; to believe certainly._ con-firmo, firmāvi, firmātum, firmāre. _To strengthen; to assure._ con-flāgro, flāgrāvi, flāgrātum, flāgrāre [con = cum, in an augmentative; FLAG, “to burn;” cp. flamma (= flag-ma)] _To be on fire, to burn up._ con-flo, flāre, flāvi, flātum. _To blow together, kindle; to excite._ con-grĕgo, grĕgāvi, grĕgātum, grĕgāre, a. (con; grex) _To flock together, assemble, unite._ con-jĭcĭo, jēci, jectum, jĭcĕre, a. (con; jacio) _To hurl, send, cast._ con-jungo, junxi, junctum, jungĕre, a. _To join together, unite, associate._ conjūrā-tĭo, ōnis, f. (conjūr[a]-o, the action of) _An agreement; conspiracy, plot._ conl: see coll.
cōnor, ātus sum, āri, dep. _To undertake, attempt._ con-scrībo, scripsi, scriptum, scrībĕre, a. _To write together_ (in a list); _to enroll._ con-scrībo, scripsi, scriptum, scrĭbĕre, a. _To write together_ (in a list); _to enroll._ conscrip-tus, a, um, part. (for scrib-tus, fr. conscrib-o) As noun, m.
(sc. pater) _a senator_; patres conscripti, _the old senators together with those who were afterwards admitted_ (enrolled) _into its ranks_; originally, patres et conscripti, _senators_.
consensus, ūs, m. [id.] _Unanimity, agreement._ consĭliŭm, ii, n. _Deliberation, counsel; plan, purpose; council._ con-spĭcĭo, spexi, spectum, spĭcĕre, a. (con; specio, _to look_) _To observe, behold._ con-stĭtŭo, stĭtŭi, stĭtūtum, stĭtŭere, a. (con; statuo) _To place; to erect; to arrange, settle, agree upon; to appoint._ con-stringo, strinxi, strictum, stringĕre, a. _To draw, bind together; to hold, hold fast._ consul, ŭlis, m. _A consul_, one of the two chief magistrates of the Roman state, chosen yearly after the expulsion of the kings.
consŭl-āris, e, adj. (consul) _Of_ or _pertaining to a consul; consular_; as noun, m., _ex-consul; one of the rank of consul._ consŭl-o, ŭi, tum, ĕre, n. or a. _To consider, consult_; consulere alicui, _to take counsel for some one_; consulere aliquem, _to ask the advice of some one_.
con-tā-mĭno, a. (for con-tag-mino; fr. con; tag, root of tango) _To defile, contaminate._ con-tĭnĕo, tĭnŭi, tentum, tĭnēre, a. (con; tene) _To hold together; to keep in, restrain, confine._ con-tingo, tĭgi, tactum, tingĕre, a. (con; tango) _To touch, take hold of; to happen._ contrā, adv. and prep. with acc. _Against, contrary to._ insult, disgrace; reproach._ con-vĕnĭo, vēni, ventum, vĕnīre, n. or a. _To assemble_; used impersonally, _it is suitable, proper_.
con-vŏco, vŏcāvi, vŏcātum, vŏcāre, a. [con, “together;” voco, “to call”] cō-p-ĭa, ae, f. (contracted fr. co-op-ia, fr. con; ops) _Abundance; wealth, riches; forces, troops_ (generally in plural with the latter two meanings).
corpus, ŏris, n. _A body, corpse._ cor-rĭgo, rexi, rectum, rīgĕre, a. (con; rego) _To make straight; to improve, correct._ corroborate, support._ seduction: seductive arts._ cot-ī-dīē, adv. (quot; (i); die, abl. of dies) _Daily._ crēdo, dĭdi, dĭtum, crēdĕre n. or a. _To trust in, believe; to think, suppose._ cresco, crēvi, crētum, crescĕre, n. [root CRE, “to make grow;” cp. creo] cum, prep, with abl. _With._ cum. _When, since, though._ cunctus, a, um, adj. (contracted from conjunctus) _The whole, all._ cupīd-ĭtas, ātis, f. (cupidus) _Desire; passion; eagerness; avarice._ cŭpĭo, īvi or ii, ītum, cŭpĕre, a. and n. _To long for, desire._ cur, adv. _Why?_ cur-a, ae, f. (for caer-a, fr. caero, old form of quaero) _Trouble, care._ cūrĭa, ae, f. [root CUR, “to be strong;” cp. κύριος, κυρεῖν] _Senate-house._ custos, ōdis, com. gen. _A guard, protector._ D de, prep, with abl. _From; concerning, on account of._ dē-bĕo, bŭi, bĭtum, bēre, a. (de; habeo) _To have from; to owe; to be in duty bound to, ought, must._ dē-cerno, crēvi, crētum, cernĕre, a. _To decide, decree._ dēclīnā-tĭo, ōnis, f. (declin[a]-o) _A turning aside; a departure; an avoiding, shunning._ dē-fendo, fendi, fensum, fendĕre, a. _To ward off; to defend, guard._ dē-fĭcĭo, fēci, fectum, fĭcĕre, a. or n. (de: facio) _To leave; to desert, revolt._ dē-fīgo, fixi, fixum, fīgĕre, a. _To fix down; to drive; to plunge._ de-inde, adv. _After this, next, then._ delight, please._ dēlĕo, ēvi, ētum, ēre, a. _To destroy, annihilate._ dē-lĭgo, lēgi, lectum, lĭgĕre, a. (de; lego) _To choose out, select._ dē-migro, migrāvi, migrātum, migrāre, n. _To migrate from; to emigrate; to depart._ dēnĭque, adv. _At length, finally; in a word, briefly._ dē-pōno, pŏsŭi, pŏsĭtum, pōnĕre, a. _To lay down; to lay aside._ dē-prĕcor, prĕcātus sum, prĕcāre, dep. (de; precor, _to pray_) _To avert by prayer; to avert._ dē-rĕlinquo, līqui, lictum, rĕlinquĕre, a. _To abandon, desert._ dē-scrībo, scripsi, scriptum, scrībĕre, a. _To mark off, to divide._ dē-sīdĕro, sīdĕrāvi, sīdĕrātum, sīdĕrāre, v. a. _To long for, desire; to miss; to regret, require._ mark out, designate; to elect._ dē-sĭno, sīvi or sĭi, sĭtum, sĭnĕre, a. and n. _To leave off, cease.._ dē-sum, esse, fŭi. n. _To be away, to fail, be wanting._ dē-testor, testātus sum, testāri, dep. (de; testor, _to be a witness_) _To curse; to deprecate._ dē-vŏvĕo, vōvi, vōtum, vŏvĕre, a. _To vow, devote._ dexter, tĕra, tĕrum, and tra, trum, adj. _Right, on the right_; dextra, dīco, dixi, dictum, dīcĕre, a. [DIC, “to point out”] _To say, assert._ dĭes, ēi, m. (in sing. sometimes f.) _A day_; in dies, _from day to day, daily_ (with an idea of increase).
diffĭcul-tas, ātis, f. (for difficil-tas, fr. difficil-is, the state or condition of) _Difficulty, perplexity._ dignus, a, um, adj. [root DIC, “to point out”] _Worthy._ dīlĭgen-ter, adv. (diligens) _Attentively, diligently, earnestly._ dīligent-ĭa, ae, f. (diligens, the quality of the) _Diligence._ dīrep-tĭo, ōnis, f. (for dirap-tio. fr. dirap, true root of dirip-io) dis-cerno, crēvi, crētum, cernĕre, a. _To separate, divide._ disces-sus, sus, m. (for disced-sus, fr. disced-o, the action of) _A departure._ pertaining to the) _Instruction; science, skill; custom, method, discipline._ dissĭmŭl-o, āvi, ātum, āre, a. (dissimil-is) _To pretend a thing is not what it is; to dissemble._ dissŏlū-tus, a, um, part. (for dissolv-tus, fr. dissolv-o) _Lax, remiss, negligent._ do, dăre, dĕdi, dătum, a. _To give, give up._ dŏmus. ūs and i (domi, loc.), f. _A house, abode_; domi, _at home_.
dŭb-ĭto, ĭtāvi, ĭtātum, ĭtāre, n. intens. (primitive form du-bo, fr.
dūco, duxi, ductum, dūcĕre, a. _To lead, conduct._ dum, conj. _While, as long as, until, if._ dŭo, ae, o, card. num. adj. _Two._ dŭodĕcĭm-us, a, um, ord. num. adj. (duodecim) _The twelfth._ dux, dŭcis, com. gen. (dūco) _A leader, commander, general._ E ē, prep, with abl.; see ex.
ec-quis, quod (ec = e; quis), inter. subst. pron. _Whether any? any one?
any thing?_ ēd-ūco, duxi, ductum, dūcĕre, a. _To lead forth._ ef-fĕro, ferre, extŭli, ēlātum, a. irr. (ex; fero) _To bring forth; to lift up, exalt._ ef-fŭgĭo, fūgi, no sup., fŭgĕre, (ex; fugio), n. or a. _To flee away; escape, avoid._ ĕgo, pers. pron. I.
ē-grĕdĭor, gressus sum, grĕdi, dep. (ex; gradior) _To go out._ ē-jĭcĭo, jēci, jectum, jĭcĕre, a. (e; jacio) _To drive out; to expel, banish._ ē-lābor, lapsus sum, lābi, dep. _To slip_ or _glide away._ ē-lūdo, lūsi, lūsum, lūdĕre, a. _To delude, deceive, cheat._ ē-mitto, mīsi, missum, mittĕre, a. _To send forth._ ē-mŏrĭor, mortuus sum, mŏri, dep. _To die quite; to perish._ ĕnim, conj. _For_; etenim, _for, you see_.
ĕo, īre, ĭvi or ĭi, ĭtum, n. _To go._ ĕōdem, dat. of idem, used adverbially. _To the same place._ soldier_; in pl., _cavalry_; equites, the order of _knights_.
ē-rĭpiŏ, rĭpŭi, reptum, rĭpĕre, a. (e; rapio) _To snatch; to remove, take away._ ē-rumpo, rūpi, ruptum, rumpĕre, n. _To break out, sally forth._ ĕtĕnim: see enim.
ĕtĭam, conj. _And also, besides; and even, yet, indeed._ ē-verto, verti, versum, vertĕre, a. _To overthrow; to subvert, destroy._ ēvŏcā-tor, ōris, m. (evoc[a]o) _The one who calls forth_ (to arms); _summoner_.
ēx or ē (e only before consonants). _Out of, from; immediately after; on account of._ exaudĭo, audīvi, audītum, audīre, a. _To hear distinctly._ ex-cĭdo, cidi, no sup., cĭdĕre, n. (ex-cado) _To fall out_ or _down_;_ to slip out_.
ex-clūdo, clūsi, clūsum, clūdĕre, a. (ex; claudo) _To exclude._ ex-ĕo, īre, ĭi, ĭtum, n. _To go forth, depart._ ex-ercĕo, ŭi, ĭtum, ercēre, a. (ex; arceo) _To drive on, exercise._ ex-haurĭo, hausi, haustum, haurīre, a. _To draw out; take away; to drain._ ex-īstimo, istĭmāvi, istĭmātum, istĭmāre. _To judge, consider._ exĭ-tĭum, ii, n. (exi, true root of exeo) _Destruction, ruin._ exslĭ-ĭum, ii, n. (for exsul-ium, fr. exsul, the condition of an) ex-sisto, stĭti, stĭtum, sistĕre, n. _To step forth; to appear; to be, exist._ ex-specto, spectāvi, spectātum, spectāre, a. _To await, expect._ ex-stinguo, stinxi, stinctum, stingĕre, a. (ex; stinguo, _to extinguish_) _To put out; extinguish, destroy._ ex-sul, ŭlis, com. gen. (ex; solum; _one who is banished from his native soil_) _An exile._ ex-sulto, tāvi, tātum, tāre, n. intens. (for ex-salto, fr. exsal, true root of exsil-io) _To leap; exult, rejoice._ ex-torqueo, torsi, tortum, torquēre, a. _To wrench out, wrest away_.
extrā, adv. and prep. with acc. _Outside of, beyond._ F făc-ĭo, fēci, factum, făcĕre, a.; pass., fīo, fieri, factus sum. _To make, do, perform; to cause._ fallo, fĕfelli, falsum, fallĕre, a. _To deceive; to escape the notice._ fal-sus, a, um, part. (for fall-sus, fr. fall-o) _Deceptive; false, untrue._ fāma, ae, f. _Report, rumour; fame, reputation; infamy, ill-fame._ fauces, ĭum, f. pl. _The throat; a narrow way, defile,_ fĕro, ferre, tŭli, lātum, a. irreg. [roots are FER and TUL. The second root has the form TOL, TLA, TAL. The supine _latum_ = _tlatum_ is from this latter root] _To bear, carry; to get, receive; to suffer, endure; to say, report, relate._ fīnis, is [for fidnis; root FID, root of findo, “to divide”] m. and f.
_A limit, end._ fīo (pass, of facio), fieri, factus sum. _To be done; to become._ firm-o, āvi, ātum, āre, a. (firmus) _To make firm; to strengthen._ firmus, a, um, adj. _Strong._ flāgĭt-ĭūm, ii, n. (flagit-o) _A shameful or disgraceful act; shame_ foed-us, ĕris, n. (for fidus, fr. fido; _a trusting_) _A league, treaty._ fŏre = futurus esse.
fort-as-se, adv. (for forte; an; sit) _Perhaps._ fort-ūna, ae, f. (fors, that which belongs to) _Chance, fortune_; in pl., _property_.
fŏrum, i, n. [akin to root PER, POR, “to go through;” cp. πόρος] _The marketplace; Forum_, which was a long open space between the Capitoline and Palatine Hills, surrounded by porticoes and the shops of bankers; _a market town, mart_.
frango, frēgi, fractum, frangĕre, a. [root FRAG, “to break”] _To break; to subdue._ frĕquent-ĭa, ae, f. [root FARC, “to cram”] _An assembly, multitude, concourse._ frīgus, ŏris, n. _Cold._ frons, frontis, f. _The forehead, brow._ fūnes-tus, a, um, adj. (for funer-tus; fr. funus, _death_) _Causing death; fatal, destructive._ fŭrĭ-ōsus, a, um, adj. (furi-ae) _Full of madness; raging, furious._ G gaudĭum, ĭi, n. (gaudeo) _Gladness, delight, pleasure._ clan; a tribe, nation._ glōr-ĭa, ae, f. (akin to clarus) _Glory._ grāt-ĭa, ae, f. (grat-us, the quality of the) _Regard, love; gratitude; thanks._ grăvis, e, adj. _Heavy; severe; grave, impressive; venerable._ H hăbĕo, ŭi, ĭtum, hăbēre, a. _To have, hold; to do, perform, make; to give._ hăb-ĭto, ĭtāvi, ĭtātum, ĭtāre, intens., a. and n. (hab-eo) _To inhabit; live; to stay._ haereo, haesi, haesum, haerēre, n. _To stick, adhere._ hebe-sco, no perf., no sup., scĕre, n. inch. (hebe-o, _to be blunt_) _To be dull._ hīc, haec, hoc, pron. demonstr. _This._ hic-ce, intensive form of hic.
hīc, adv. _Here._ hŏmo, ĭnis, com. gen. _A human being; man or woman; person._ hŏnest-o, āvi, ātum, āre, a. _To adorn; to honor._ hones-tus, a, um, adj. (for honor-tus, fr. honor) _Regarded with honor; honored, noble._ hŏnor (os), ōris. m. _Honor; official dignity, office._ horrible._ hortor, ātus sum, āre, dep. _To strongly urge, exhort._ hostis, is, com. gen. _An enemy._ I īdem, eadem, idem, pron. (root i, suffix dem) _The same._ īdūs, uum, f. pi. _The Ides._ ĭgĭtur, conj. _Then; therefore, accordingly; well then._ i-gnōmin-ia. ae, f. (for in-gno-min-ia; fr. in, gnomen = nomen, _a i-gnō-ro, a. (for in-gno-ro; fr. in, _not_; GNO, root of gnosco = nosco) _Not to know, to be ignorant of._ ille, a, ud, pron. demonstr. _That; he, she, it._ illĕc-ĕbra, ae, f. (for illac-ebra, fr. illac, true root of illic-o, _to illust-ro, a. [in, LUC, “to shine:” cp. lux] _To light up, illumine; to make clear._ im-minĕo, no perf., no sup. mĭnēre, n. (in, mineo, _to hang over_) _To border upon, be near, impend._ im-mitto, mīsi, missum, mittĕre, a. (in; mitto) _To send into; to let loose._ immo, adv. (etym. dub.) _On the under side, on the reverse; on the contrary; no indeed, by no means; yes indeed._ impĕd-ĭo, īvi, ītum, īre, a. (in; pes, _to get the feet in something_) im-pendĕo, no perf., no sup., pendēre, n. (in; pendeo, _to hang_) _To hang over; to impend, threaten._ im-pĕrītus, a, um, adj. (in; perītus, _skilled_) _Inexperienced, ignorant._ im-pĕro, pĕrāvĭ, pĕrātum, pĕrāre. a. (in; patro, _to bring, to pass_) im-pĭus, a, um, adj. (in; pius, _pious_) _Not pious, irreverent, unpatriotic._ im-portū-nus, a, um, adj. (for _in-portu-nus_, fr. in; portus) im-prŏbus, a, um, adj. (in; probus) _Wicked, base._ im-pūnītus, a, um, adj. (in; punitus, _punished_) _Not punished; unpunished._ in, prep, with acc. and abl. _In, into, against_; of time, _up to, for, into, through_; with ablative, _in, upon, on_.
in-clūdo, clūsi, clūsum, clūdĕre, a. _To shut up; to include._ increpo, (āvi) ui, (ātum) ĭtum, āre, n. and a. _To make a noise._ in-dūco, duxi, ductum, dūcĕre, a. _To introduce; to lead into, persuade._ in-ĕo, īre, ĭi, ĭtum, n. or a. _To go into, enter; begin._ inert-ĭa, ae, f. (inners, the quality of the) _Want of skill; inactivity._ in-fĕro, ferre, intūi, illātum, a. irr. _To produce, make; to bring, infestus, a, um, adj. _Hostile, dangerous._ in-flammo, flammāvi, flammātum, flammāre, a. _To set on fire._ in-grăvesco, no perf., no sup., grăvescĕre, n. _To grow heavy; to grow worse._ ĭn-ĭmīcus, a, um, adj. (in; amicus) _Unfriendly_; as noun, m., _a private enemy_.
adv., _unjustly_.
inl: see ill.
inquam, def. verb. _To say._ inr: see irr.
inscrībo, scripsi, scriptum, scrībĕre, a. _To write upon; to inscribe; to impress upon._ plot treachery._ insĭdĭ-or, atus sum, ari, dep. (insidiae) _To wait for, expect; to plot against._ intel-lego, lexi, lectum, lĕgĕre, a. (inter: lego, _to choose between_) in-tendo, tendi, tentum, tendĕre, and tensum, a. _To stretch out; to strive; to aim at._ inter, prep, with acc. _Between, among._ inter-cēdo, cessi, cessum, cēdĕre, n. _To go_ or _come between; to intervene_.
inter-fĭcĭo, fēci, fectum, fĭcĕre, a. (inter; facio) _To destroy; to kill._ inter-rŏgo, rŏgāvi, rŏgātum, rŏgāre, a. _To ask, inquire._ inter-sum, esse, fui, n. irr. _To be between; to differ_; interest, intes-tīnus, a, um, adj. (for intus-tinus, fr. intus) _Internal; intestine, civil._ intrā, prep, with acc. _Within, in._ in-ūro, ussi, ustum, ūrĕre, a. _To burn into; to brand._ in-vĕnio, vēni, ventum, vĕnīre, a. _To come upon, find._ invīto, āvi, ātum, āre, a. _To ask, invite, summon._ i-pse, a, um, pron. demonstr. (for i-pse; fr. is and suffix pse) _Himself, herself, itself; he, she, it; very._ ensnare, captivate._ is, ea, id. pron. demonstr. _This, that; he, she, it; such._ is-te, ta, tud, pron. demonstr. (is; suffix te) _This of yours; this, that; that fellow, that thing_ (used with contempt).
ĭta, adv. _In this way; so, thus._ J jăcĕo, ui, jacĭtum, ēre, n. _To lie; to lie down._ jac-to, tāvi, tātum, tāre, a. freq. (jac-io) _To throw; to toss about; to boast, vaunt._ jam, adv. _Now, already_; jamdūdum, _a long time since, long ago_ (with a present tense, giving the force of the perfect brought down to the present time); jam-prīdem, adv. _long time ago, for a long time_.
jŭbĕo, jussi, jussum, jŭbēre, a. _To command, order, bid._ jū-cundus, a, um, adj. (for juv-cundus, fr. juv-o) _Pleasant, agreeable, pleasing._ jū-dico, āvi, ātum, āre, a. (jus; dĭco) _To judge; to think._ jungo, junxi, junctum, jungĕre, a. _To join, unite._ jū-s, jūris, n. (akin to root ju, _to join_) _Law, right, justice_; jure, _justly_.
jus-sū, m. (only in abl. sing.; jubeo) _By command._ jus-tus, a, um, adj. (for jur-tus, fr. jus) _Just, right._ L lābefac-to, tāvi, tātum, tāre, a. intens. (labefacio) _To cause to totter; to injure, ruin; to imperil._ lātro, (a short or long), ōnis, m. _A robber, highwayman._ laus, laudis, f. _Praise, fame, honor._ lectŭ-lus, i, m. dim. (for lecto-lus, fr. lecto, stem of lectus) _A little couch, bed._ lēnis, e, adj. _Soft, gentle, mild._