līber, ĕra, ĕrum, adj. _Free, unrestrained._ lībĕr-i, ōrum, m. pl. (liber) _Children._ lībĕr-o, āvi, ātum, āre, a. (id.) _To make free; to free._ lĭcet, ŭit, itum est, ēre, imp. _It is permitted; one may_ or _can_.
lŏcus, i, m. _A place_ (in pl., loci or loca).
long-e, adv. (long-us) _Far off; greatly, much; by far._ lŏquor, lŏcūtus sum, lŏqui, dep. _To speak, say._ day, daylight._ M māchĭn-or, ātus sum, āri, dep. (machin-a, _a device_) _To contrive, devise; to plot._ mac-to, tāvi, tātum, tāre, a. intens. (for mag-to, fr. obsolete mag-o, of same root as found in mag-nus) _To venerate, honor; to kill, slay; to immolate; to destroy._ mag-nus, a, um, adj. (comp. major, sup. maximus; root mag) _Great_; majores, _ancestors_.
māj-or, us, adj. comp. (magnus) fire-dart._ mā-lo, malle, mālŭi, a. irr. (contracted fr. mag-volo, fr. root mag; order; to commend, consign, intrust; to lay up_; se fugae mandare, _to take to flight_.
mănus, ūs, f. _A hand; band of troops._ mārīt-us, a, um, adj. (marit-a, mas) _Matrimonial, conjugal_; as noun, mātūr-ē, adv. (matur-us) _Seasonably, at the proper time; soon._ maxĭm-ē, adv. (maxim-us) _In the highest degree, especially._ mĕdĭocr-ĭter, adv. (mediocris) _Moderately._ mĕdĭtor, ātus sum, āri, dep. _To think, consider, meditate upon; to practise._ mehercŭle, mehercle, mehercules, adv. _By Hercules._ mĕmĭni, isse, a. and n., dep. _To remember, recollect._ mĕmŏria, ae, f. (memor, _mindful_) _Memory._ mens, mentis, f. _The mind; thought, purpose._ mĕtus, ūs, m. _Fear._ mĕ-us, a, um, pron. pers. (me) _My, mine._ mitto, mīsi, missum, mittĕre, a. _To let go, send._ mŏdus, i, m. _A measure; limit; manner; kind._ moenĭa, ium, n. pl. _Defensive walls; ramparts; city walls._ mōles, is, f. _A huge mass; greatness, might._ mōl-ĭor, ītus sum, īri, dep., n. and a. (mol-es) _To endeavor, strive; to undertake; to plot; to prepare._ _Weak, feeble; gentle; mild._ mos, mōris, m. [for meors; from meo, are, “to go”] _Usage, custom, practice._ mŏvĕo, mōvi, mōtum, mŏvēre, a. _To move; to affect._ mult-o (mulcto), āvi, ātum, āre (mult-a, _a fine_) _To fine; to punish._ multus, a, um, adj. _Much_; in pl., _many_.
mūn-ĭo, īvi, ītum, īre, a. (moenia) _To fortify._ mū-to, tāvi, tātum, tāre, a. intens. (for mov-to, fr. mov-eo) _To move; to alter, change._ N nam, conj. _For._ nanciscor, nanctus and nactus sum, nancisci, dep. _To get; to find._ nascor, nātus sum, nasci, dep. _To be born; to spring forth; to grow._ nau-frăgus, a, um, adj. (nav-frag-us; navis; frag, root of frango) _That suffers shipwreck; wrecked._ nē, adv. and conj. _No, not_; ne...quidem, _not even; that not, lest_.
-nĕ, interrog. and enclitic particle, in direct questions with the ind.
asking merely for information; in indirect questions with the subj.
_Whether._ nec, conj.: see neque.
nĕ-ces-se, neut. adj. (found only in nom. and acc. sing., for ne-ced-se, nĕfār-ĭus, a. um, adj. (for nefas-ius, fr. nefas) _Impious, nefarious._ nēg-lĕg-o, lexi, lectum, lĕgĕre, a. (nec; lego, _not to gather_) _To neglect, disregard._ nĕgo, nĕgāvi, nĕgātum, nĕgāre, n. and a. _To say “no;” to deny._ nē-mo, ĭnis, m. and f. (ne; homo) _No person, no one, nobody._ ne-scĭo, scīvi, scītum, scīre, a. _Not to know, to be ignorant of._ nĭhil, n. indecl. (nihilum, by apocope) _Nothing; not at all._ nĭmis, adv. _Too much; too._ noct-urnus, a, um, adj. (nox) _Belonging to the night, nocturnal._ nōn, adv. _Not, no._ non-ne, inter. adv. (expects answer “yes”) _Not?_ non-nullus, a, um, adj. (not one) _Some, several._ noster, tra, trum, poss. pron. (nos) _Our, our own, ours_; in plur., as nŏta, ae, f. (nosco) _A mark, sign; a brand._ nŏvus, a, um, adj. _New._ nox, noctis, f. _Night._ nūdus, a, um, adj. _Naked, bare._ n-ullus, a, um, adj. (ne; ullus) _None, no._ num, inter. particle, used in direct questions expecting the answer “no;” in indirect questions, _Whether_.
nunc, adv. _Now, at present._ n-unquam (numquam), adv. (ne; unquam) _Never._ nūper, adv. (for nov-per, fr. nov-us) _Newly, lately._ O O, interj. _O! Oh!_ ob, prep, with acc. _On account of._ ŏbĕo, īre, ĭi, ĭtum, n. _To engage in, execute._ oblĭviscor, oblītus sum, oblivisci, dep. _To forget._ obscūr-o, āvi, ātum, āre, a. (obscurus) _To obscure._ ōbscūrus, a, um, adj. _Dark; unknown._ ob-sĭdĕo, sēdi, sessum, sĭdēre, a. (ob; sedeo, _to sit_) _To sit down at_ or _before; to invest; to watch for_.
ob-sīdo, no perf., no sup., sĭdēre, a. _To sit down over_ or _against; to invest, besiege_.
ob-sisto, stĭti, stĭtum, sistĕre, n. _To oppose, resist._ ob-tempĕro, āvi, ātum, āre, n. _To comply with, obey._ oc-cīdo, cīdi, cīsum, cīdĕre, a. (ob; caedo, _to strike against_) _To strike down; to kill._ oc-cŭp-o, āvi, ātum, āre, a. (for ob-cap-o, fr. ob; capio) _To take, seize; to occupy._ ōdi, odisse, a., defective. _To hate._ of-fendo, fendi, fensum, fendĕre, a. _To hit; to offend._ o-mitto, mīsi, missum, mittĕre, a. (ob; mitto) _To let go; to pass over, omit._ ŏpīn-or, ātus sum, āri, dep. (opin-us, _thinking_) _To think, suppose, imagine._ ŏport-et, ŭit, ēre, impers. _It is necessary._ op-prĭmo, pressi, pressum, prĭmĕre, a. (ob; premo) _To overwhelm, subdue, overpower; to cover._ optĭm-as, ātis, adj. (optim-us) _Aristocratic_; as noun (sc. homo), _an aristocrat_.
opt-ĭmus, a, um, adj. (super. of bonus) _Best, very good._ orbis, is, m. _A circle; the world, the universe._ ōs, ōris, n. _The mouth; the face, countenance._ osten-to, tāvi, tātum, tāre, a. intens. (for ostend-to, fr. ostend-o) _To show; to display._ ōtĭ-ōsus, a, um, adj. (oti-um, full of) _At leisure; quiet; calm, tranquil._ ōtĭum, ii, n. _Leisure._ P pa-ciscor, pactus sum, pacisci, dep., n. and a. _To contract; to agree, bargain._ pango, pang-ĕre, panxi, pactum. _To agree._ părĭo, pĕpĕri, părĭtum, părĕre and partum, a. _To bring forth; to obtain._ păr-o, āvi, ātum, āre, a. _To make, get ready, prepare._ parrĭ-cīda, ae, m. (for patr-i-caed-a, fr. pater; [i]; caedo) _The murderer of one’s father; parricide._ pars, partis, f. _A part, portion._ part-ĭ-cep-s, cĭpis, adj. (for part-i-cap-s, fr. pars; [i]; cap-io) parvus, a, um, adj. _Small, little, slight._ pat-e-făcĭo, fēci, factum, făcĕre, a. (pateo; facio) _To disclose, expose, bring to light._ pătĕo, ŭi, no sup., pătēre, n. _To stand_ or _lie open; to be clear, plain_.
pătr-ĭus, a, um (a long or short), adj. (pater) _Paternal, fatherly_; as noun, f. (sc. terra), _native land, country_.
pĕnĭ-tus, adv. (root pen) _From within; deeply._ per, prep, with acc. _Through; by, by means of; on account of._ per-cĭpĭ-o, cēpi, ceptum, cĭpĕre, a. (per; capio) _To take possession of, seize; to comprehend, perceive, learn._ per-do, dĭdi, dĭtum, dĕre, a. _To destroy, ruin._ per-fĕro, ferre, tŭli, lātum, a. irr. _To bear, endure._ per-fringo, frēgi, fractum, fringĕre, a. (per; frango) _To break through; to violate, infringe._ per-frŭor, fructus sum, frŭi, dep. _To enjoy fully._ per-go, perrexi, perrectum, pergĕre, a. and n. (for per-rego, _to make quite straight_) _To proceed, go on._ pĕrīcl-ītor, ītātus sum, tari, dep., a. and n. (perīcl-um) _To try; to endanger, risk; to venture, hazard._ hazard, danger, peril._ per-mitto, mīsi, missum, mittere, a. _To send through; to give up, intrust, surrender._ per-mŏvĕo, mōvi, mōtum, mŏvēre, a. _To move thoroughly; to excite, arouse._ pernĭcĭ-ōsus, a, um, adj. (per-nici-es, full of) _Very destructive, ruinous, pernicious._ perpĕtŭus, a, um, adj. _Continuous; constant, perpetual._ per-spĭcĭo, spexi, spectum, spĭcĕre, a. (per; specio, _to look_) _To look through; to perceive, note._ per-terrĕo, ŭi, ĭtum, terrēre, a. _To terrify thoroughly._ per-tĭme-sco, tĭmŭi, no sup., tĭmescĕre, a. and n. inch. (pertimeo) _To fear or dread greatly._ per-tĭn-ĕō, tĭnŭi, tentum, tĭnēre, n. (per; teneo) _To stretch; to concern; to pertain to._ per-vĕnĭo, vēni, ventum, vĕnīre, n. _To arrive at, reach._ pĕto, pĕtīvi, pĕtītum, pĕtĕre, a. _To seek; to attack, thrust at._ plăcĕo, ŭi, ĭtum, plăcēre, n. _To please_; placet, impers., _it seems good; it is resolved upon; it is determined_.
plāco, āvi, ātum, āre, a. _To quiet, calm, reconcile._ plēbes, ei, f. or plebs, plēbis, f. _The common people, the plebeians._ plū-rĭmus, a, um, sup. adj. (multus) _Very much_; in pl., _the largest_ or _smaller number_; with quam, _as many as possible_.
poena, ae, f. _Punishment._ pol-lĭcĕor, licitus sum, lĭcērĭ, dep. (pot, root of pot-is, _powerful_, pontĭfex, fĭcis, m. _The high priest, pontiff._ porta, ae, f. _A gate; passage._ pos-sum, posse, pŏtŭi, no sup., n. irr. (for pot-sum, fr. pot, root of post, adv. and prep. with acc. _Behind; after; next to, since._ postŭlo, a. _To ask, demand, request._ pŏtĭus, adv. (adv. neut. of potior, comp. of potis) _Rather, more._ prae-dīco, dixi, dictum, dīcĕre, a. _To say beforehand; to predict._ prae-fĕro, ferre, tŭli, lātum, a. irr. _To bear before; to display, to exhibit._ prae-mitto, mīsi, missum, mittĕre, a. _To send forward._ prae-s-ens, entis, adj. (prae; sum) _Present._ praesĭd-ĭum, ii, n. (praesid-eo) _A guarding, defence, aid; a garrison, guard._ praetĕr-ĕo, īre, ii, ĭtum, n. and a. irr. _To pass over, omit._ praeter-mitto, mīsi, missum, mittĕre, a. _To pass over, omit._ prae-tor, ōris, m. (for praei-tor, fr. praeeo) _A leader; a praetor_, an officer next to consul in rank.
prī-dem, adv. (for prae-dem, fr. prae; suffix dem) _A long time ago, long since._ prī-diē, adv. (for prae-die, fr. prae; dies) _On the day before._ pri-mus, a, um, sup. adj. (for prae-mus, fr. prae, with superlative suffix mus) _The first, first._ prin-cep-s, cĭpis, adj. (for prim-caps, fr. prim-us; cap-io) _First_; as prĭ-or, us, gen. ōris, comp. adj. (for prae-or, fr. prae; comparative suffix or) _Former._ prob-o, āvi, ātum, āre, a. _To try; to approve._ perfec-tĭo, ōnis, f. (for profac-tio, fr. profic-iscor) _A setting out, departure._ prō-fĭcĭo, fēci, fectum, fĭcĕre, n. and a. (pro; facio) _To accomplish, effect._ pro-fĭc-iscor, fectus sum, fĭcisci, dep. n. inch, (for pro-fac-iscor, fr. pro; fac-io) _To set out._ prŏpe, adv. and prep, with acc. _Nearly, almost._ prŏprĭus, a, um, adj. _One’s one; proper, peculiar, suited to._ prop-ter, prep. with acc. (prop-e) _Near; on account of._ pro-sĕquor, sĕcūtus sum, sĕqui, dep. _To follow, accompany._ proxĭmus, a, um, adj. (proc-simus, for prop-simus, fr. prop-e, and sup.
ending simus) _The nearest, next; the last._ publĭc-ē, adv. (public-us) _In behalf of the state, in the name of the state._ pŭt-o, āvi, ātum, āre, a. (put-us, _cleansed_) _To make clean; to reckon, think._ Q quaero (quaeso), quaesīvi, ii, quaesītum, quaerĕre, a. _To seek; demand, ask._ quaeso: see quaero.
quam, adv. (adverbial acc. of quis) _In what manner, how; as much, as; than_; with superlatives, _as_ (much as) _possible_, e.g. quam primum, _as soon as possible_.
quam-dĭu, adv. _How long, as long as._ quam-ob-rem, rel. adv. _On which account, wherefore._ quantus, a, um, adj. _How great, how much._ quā-rē, adv. (quis; res) _From what cause? wherefore?_ quĕror, questus sum, quĕri, dep. a. and n. _To complain of, lament, bewail._ quī, quae, quod, rel. pron. _Who, which, what, that._ quī-dam, quaedam, quoddam, indef. pron. _Some, some one, a certain one._ quĭe-sco, quĭēvi, quĭētum, quĭescĕre, n. inch, (for quiet-sco, fr.
quies) _To keep quiet._ quin-tus, a, um, ord. num. adj. (quinqu-tus, fr. quinque) _The fifth._ quis, quae, quid, interrog. pron. (quis, quae, quod, used adjectively) _Who? which? what?_ quid, _how? why? wherefore?_ preceded by ne, si, nisi, num, becomes an indefinite pron., _any, some_.
one._ quō, adv. (qui) _Where; whither._ quod, conj. (acc. neut. fr. qui) _That, in that, because_; quod si, _but if_.
quon-dam, adv. (for quom-dam, fr. quom, old form of quem) _Once, formerly._ quŏn-ĭam, conj. (for quom-iam, fr. quom = cum and jam) _Since._ quŏque, conj. _Also, too_ (placed after the word it emphasizes).
quot, num. adj. indecl. _How many, as many._ quot-ĭes, iens, adv. (xuot) _How often._ quŏtĭes-cumque, adv. _How often soever; as often as._ quo-usque, adv. (for quom; usque, fr. quom, old form of quem; usque) _Until what time; how long._ R răpĭo, ŭi, raptum, răpĕre, a. _To match_ or _draw away_.
ră-tĭo, ōnis, f. (reor) _A calculation; judgment, reason; course, manner._ rĕcens, ntis, adj. _Fresh, recent._ rĕ-cĭpĭo, cēpi, ceptum, rĕcĭpĕre, a. (re; capio) _To take back; to accept, receive._ rĕ-cognosco, cognōvi, cognitum, cognoscĕre, a. _To know again, recognize; to examine, review._ rĕ-condo, condĭdi, condĭtum, condĕre, a. _To put back again; to sheath_ (of a sword); _to lay up; bury_.
red-und-o, āvi, ātum, āre, n. _To overflow; to abound._ re-fĕro, ferre, tŭli, lātum, a. irr. _To carry, bring_, or _give back; to return, pay back_.
rĕ-lĕvo, lĕvāvi, lĕvātum, lĕvāre, a. _To make light; to relieve._ rĕ-linquo, līqui, lictum, linquĕre, a. (re; linquo, _to leave_) _To leave behind, leave._ rĕlĭqu-us, a, um, adj. (reli[n]qu-o) _Remaining; the remainder of, rest._ rĕmănĕo, mansi, no sup., mănēre, n. _To remain behind._ rĕ-mŏror, mŏrātus sum, mŏrāri, dep., n. and a. _To stay, delay, to detain._ re-primo, pressi, pressum, a. (re; premo) _To check, restrain._ rĕpŭdĭ-o, āvi, ātum, āre, a. (repudi-um, _a casting off_) _To cast off; to reject._ rēs, rĕi, f. _A thing, matter_; res publica, _the commonwealth, the state_.
rĕ-sĭdĕo, sēdi, no sup., sĭdēre, n. (re; sedeo) _To remain; to remain behind._ rē-spondĕo, spondi, sponsum, spondēre, a. (re; spondeo, _to promise_) _To answer, reply._ rŏgo, āvi, ātum, āre, a. _To ask_; rogare legem, _to propose a law_.
S sacr-ārĭum, ii (a long or short), n, (sacr-um) _A place for keeping holy things; a shrine._ sacrum, i (a long or short), n. (sacer) _A sacred thing; a religious rite, ceremony._ săg-ax, ācĭs, adj. (sagio, _to perceive quickly_) _Sagacious, keen-scented._ safety, prosperity._ sălūt-o, āvi, ātum, āre, a. (salus) _To greet, salute._ sanc-tus, a, um, adj. (sancio) _Sacred, holy, venerable._ sanguis, inis, m. _Blood._ sătelles, ĭtis, com. gen. _An attendant; an accomplice, partner._ sătĭs (sat), adv. _Enough._ sătis-făcĭo, fēci, factum, făcĕre, a. _To give satisfaction; satisfy, content._ scĕlus, ĕris, n. _An evil deed; a crime, guilt._ scio, scīvi, scītum, scīre, a. _To know, perceive._ sē-cēdo, cessi, cessum, cēdĕre, n. _To go apart; to go away._ sē-cerno, crēvi, crētum, cernĕre, a. _To put apart, separate._ sed, conj. _But, yet, but also_; non solum...sed etiam, _not only_..._but also_.
sēd-ĭ-tĭo, ōnis, f. (sed = sine; i, root of eo, _a going apart_) _Sedition, strife._ sē-jungo, junxi, junctum, jungĕre, a. _To disjoin; to separate._ sē-men, ĭnis, n. (for sā-men, fr. sa, true root of sero) _the sown thing. Seed_.
semper, adv. _Ever, always._ sĕn-ātus, ūs, m. (senex) _The council of the elders, the senate._ opinion, sentiment; sentence, vote._ sentīna, ae, f. _Bilge-water; the lowest of the people, rabble; mob._ sentĭo, sensi, sensum, sentire, a. _To feel, see; to perceive._ sequor, sĕcutus sum, sĕqui, dep. _To follow, to comply with, conform to._ sermo, ōnis, m. _A speaking; talk, conversation._ serv-ĭo, ivi, itum, ire, n. (serv-us) _To be a slave; to serve,_ servo, āvi, ātum, āre, a. _To save, preserve, protect._ sēsē, reduplicated form of acc. or abl. of sui.
sex-tus, a, um, ord. num. adj. (sex) _The sixth._ si, conj. _If, whether._ sīc, adv. _In this manner, so thus._ sīca, ae, f. _A dagger, poniard._ sīc-ut or sīc-uti, adv. _So as, just as._ sĭlĕo, ui, no sup., n. _To be noiseless, still_, or _silent_.
sĭmĭlĭs, e, adj. (with gen. and dat.) _Like, similar._ sī-n, conj. (si; ne) _But if._ sine, prep. with abl. _Without._ sing-ŭli, ae, a, num. distrib. adj. _One to each, separate, single, each, every._ sĭno, sīvi, sĭtum, sĭnăre, a. _To let, suffer, allow._ a league, an alliance._ socius, ii, m. _A partner, companion; ally, confederate._ sŏdālis, is, com. gen. _A boon companion._ sŏlĕo, sŏlĭtus sum, n. semi-dep. _To be wont, be accustomed._ wilderness._ explore._ spe-s, spĕi, f., gen., dat., and abl. pl. not found in good writers (for spon-te, abl., and spontis, gen. of the noun spons, f. (for spond-te, stătŭ-o, ui, ūtum, ĕre, a. (status) _To put, place; to decide, determine._ stirps, stirpis, f. _A stock, stem; source, origin._ sto, stĕti, stātum, stāre, n. _To stand._ stŭdĕo, ŭi, no sup., ēre, n. and a. _To be eager; to pursue, be devoted to._ stultus, a, um, adj. _Foolish, simple._ suādeo, suāsi, suāsum, suādēre, n. and a. _To advise, recommend._ sŭi, sibi, se or sese, pron. reflex. _Of himself, herself, itself_, or _themselves_.
sum, esse, fŭi, no sup., n. irr. _To be, exist._ summus, a, um, sup. adj. (superus) _The highest, greatest, very great; the most important; the top of, the summit of._ sŭpĕr-ĭor, ĭus, comp. adj. (super) _Higher; earlier, former._ suspec-tus, a, um, part. (suspic-io, through true root suspec) su-spĭcĭo, spexi, spectum, spĭcere, a. and n. (sub; specio, _to look_) _To look at from under; to mistrust, suspect._ suspĭc-or, ātus sum, āri, dep. (suspic-io) _To suspect._ suspitio: see suspicio.
sus-tĭneo, tĭnŭi, tentum, tĭnēre, a. _To support, sustain._ sŭ-us, a, um, poss. pron. (su-i) _Of_ or _belonging to himself, herself, itself_, or _themselves; his own, her own, its own, their own_.
T tăcĕo, ŭi, ĭtum, tăcēre, n. _To be silent._ tăc-ĭtus, a, um, adj. (taceo) _Silent._ tae-ter, tra, trum, adj. (for taed-ter, fr. taed-et) _Foul, shameful, disgraceful._ tam, adv. _So, so far, so very, so much._ tămen, adv. _Nevertheless, however, still._ tan-dem, adv. (tam) _At length_; in questions, _pray_.
tam-quam, adv. (tam; quam) _As much as; just as, like as, as if, as it were._ tantus, a, um, adj. _So great, so large, so many._ tempes-tas, ātis, f. (for tempor-tas, fr. tempus) _A space of time; a time; weather_ (both good and bad), hence _a storm, tempest_.
temp-to, tāvi, tātum, tāre, a. intens. (also written ten-to, fr. teneo) _To handle; to try; to try the strength of; to attack._ tempus, ŏris, n. _A portion of time; a time; a critical moment, circumstances._ tĕnĕbrae, ārum, f. pl. _Darkness._ tĕnĕo, tĕnŭi, tentum, a., tĕnēre. _To hold, keep, have, guard._ terra, ae, f. _The earth, land_; orbis terrarum, _the world; country_.
tĭmĕo, ūi, no sup., tĭmēre, a. and n. _To fear._ tollo, sustŭli, sublătum, tollĕre, a. _To lift up; to destroy, take away._ tot, num. adj. indecl. _So many._ tŏt-ĭes, (iens) num. adv. (tot) _So often, so many times._ tōtus, a, um, adj. _All, all the; the whole_; in adverbial force, trans-fĕro, ferre, tŭli, lātum, a. _To bear ucross; to transport, transfer._ slaughter._ tū, tui, pers. pron. _Thou, you_ (sing.)
tum, adv. _Then, at that time._ tŭ-us, a, um, poss. pron. (tu) _Thy, thine, your, yours._ U ŭbi, adv. (akin to qui) _Where; when_; ubinam, _where, pray?_ ul-lus, a, um, adj. dim. (for un-lus, fr. unus) _Any, any one._ umquam: see unquam.
ūnā, adv. (adverbial abl. of unus) _At the same time, in company, together._ V vir-tus, ūtis, f. (vir) _Manliness, manhood; courage; worth, merit._ viscus, ĕris, n. (mostly in pl.) _The inwards; the viscera._ vĭtĭum, ii, n. _Fault, blemish, error, crime, vice._ vīto, āvi, ātum, āre, a. _To shun, avoid._ vīvo, vixi, victum, vīvĕre, n. _To live._ vix, adv. _With difficulty, hardly, scarcely_; vixdum, _scarcely_.
vŏco, āvi, ātum, āre, a. _To call; summon._ volnĕr-o, āvi, ātus sum, āre, a. (volnus) _To wound._ volo, velle, volŭi, no sup., a. irr. _To will, wish, desire._ voltus: see vultus.
volun-tas, ātis, f. (for volent-tas, fr. volens) _Will, wish, desire, inclination._ vox, vōcis, f. (for voc-s, fr. voc-o, _that which calls out_) _A voice; vul-tus, ūs, m. (for vol-tus, fr. vol-o) _The countenance; looks, aspect._ * * * * * * * * * TEXT ALONE I.--1. Quo usque tandem abutere, Catilina, patientia nostra? Quam diu etiam furor iste tuus eludet? Quem ad finem sese effrenata jactabit audacia? Nihilne te nocturnum praesidium Palatii, nihil urbis vigiliae, nihil timor populi, nihil concursus bonorum omnium, nihil hic munitissimus habendi senatus locus, nihil horum ora vultusque moverunt.
Patere tua consilia non sentis? Constrictam omnium horum scientia teneri conjurationem tuam non vides? Quid proxima, quid superiore nocte egeris, ubi fueris, quos convocaveris, quid consilii ceperis, quem nostrum ignorare arbitraris?
2. O tempora, O mores! senatus haec intellegit, consul videt; hic tamen vivit. Vivit? immo vero etiam in senatum venit, fit publici consilii particeps, notat et designat oculis ad caedem unum quemque nostrum. Nos autem, viri fortes, satis facere rei publicae videmur, si istius furorem ac tela vitemus. Ad mortem te, Catilina, duci jussu consulis jam pridem oportebat, in te conferri pestem istam, quam tu in nos machinaris.
3. An vero vir amplissimus, P. Scipio, pontifex maximus, Ti. Gracchum, mediocriter labefactantem statum rei publicae, privatus interfecit: Catilinam orbem terrae caede atque incendiis vastare cupientem, nos consules perferemus? Nam illa nimis antiqua praetereo, quod C. Servilius Ahala Sp. Maelium, novis rebus studentem, manu sua occidit. Fuit, fuit ista quondam in hac re publica virtus, ut viri fortes acerbioribus suppliciis civem perniciosum quam acerbissimum hostem coercerent.
Habemus senatus consultum in te, Catilina, vehemens et grave: non deest rei publicae consilium neque auctoritas hujus ordinis: nos, nos, dico aperte, consules desumus.
II.--4. Decrevit quondam senatus ut L. Opimius consul videret ne quid res publica detrimenti caperet; nox nulla intercessit; interfectus est propter quasdam seditionum suspiciones C. Gracchus, clarissimo patre, avo, majoribus: occisus est cum liberis M. Fulvius consularis. Simili senatus consulto C. Mario et L. Valerio consulibus est permissa res publica: num unum diem postea L. Saturninum tribunum plebis et C. Servilium praetorem mors ac rei publicae poena remorata est? At vero nos vicesimum jam diem patimur hebescere aciei horum auctoritatis.
Habemus enim hujus modi senatus consultum, verum inclusum in tabulis tamquam in vagina reconditum, quo ex senatus consulto confestim interfectum te esse, Catilina, convenit. Vivis, et vivis non ad deponendam sed ad confirmandam audaciam. Cupio, patres conscripti, me esse clementem, cupio in tantis rei publicae periculis me non dissolutum videri, sed jam me ipse inertiae nequitiaeque condemno.
5. Castra sunt in Italia contra populum Romanum in Etruriae faucibus collocata, crescit in dies singulos hostium numerus, eorum autem castrorum imperatorem ducemque hostium intra moenia atque adeo in senatu videmus intestinam aliquam cotidie perniciem rei publicae molientem. Si te jam, Catilina, comprehendi, si interfici jussero, credo, erit verendum mihi, ne non potius hoc omnes boni serius a me quam quisquam crudelius factum se dicat. Verum ego hoc, quod jam pridem factum esse oportuit, certa de causa nondum adducor, ut faciam. Tum denique interficiere, cum jam nemo tam improbus, tam perditus, tam tui similis inveniri poterit, qui id non jure factum esse fateatur.
6. Quam diu quisquam erit qui te defendere audeat, vives, sed vives ita, ut vivis, multis meis et firmis praesidiis oppressus, ne commovere te contra rem publicam possis. Multorum te etiam oculi et aures non sentientem, sicut adhuc fecerunt, speculabuntur atque custodient.
III.--Etenim quid est, Catilina, quod jam amplius exspectes, si neque nox tenebris obscurare coeptus nefarios neque privata domus parietibus continere voces conjurationis tuae potest? Si inlustrantur, si erumpunt omnia? Muta jam istam mentem, mihi crede! obliviscere caedis atque incendiorum. Teneris undique: luce sunt clariora nobis tua consilia omnia; quae jam mecum licet recognoscas.
7. Meministine me ante diem duodecimum Kalendas Novembres dicere in senatu, fore in armis certo die, qui dies futurus esset ante diem sextum Kalendas Novembres, C. Manlium, audaciae satellitem atque administrum tuae? Num me fefellit, Catilina, non modo res tanta, tam atrox, tamque incredibilis, verum id quod multo magis admirandum, dies? Dixi ego idem in senatu, caedem te optimatium contulisse in ante diem quintum Kalendas Novembres, tum cum multi principes civitatis Roma non tam sui conservandi quam tuorum consiliorum reprimendorum causa profugerunt. Num infitiari potes te illo die meis praesidiis, mea diligentia circumclusum commovere te contra rem publicam non potuisse, cum te discessu ceterorum nostra tamen, qui remansissemus, caede contentum esse dicebas?
8. Quid? cum tu te Praeneste Kalendis ipsis Novembribus occupaturum nocturno impetu esse confideres, sensistine illam coloniam meo jussu meis praesidiis, custodiis vigiliisque esse munitam? Nihil agis, nihil moliris, nihil cogitas, quod non ego non modo audiam, sed etiam videam planeque sentiam.
IV.--Recognosce mecum tandem noctem illam superiorem: jam intelliges multo me vigilare acrius ad salutem quam te ad perniciem rei publicae.
Dico te priore nocte venisse inter falcarios--non agam obscure in M. Laecae domum: convenisse eodem complures ejusdem amentiae scelerisque socios. Num negare audes? quid taces? convincam, si negas: video enim esse hic in senatu quosdam, qui tecum una fuerunt.
9. O di immortales! ubinam gentium sumus! quam rem publicam habemus? in qua urbe vivimus? Hic, hic sunt in nostro numero, patres conscripti, in hoc orbis terrae sanctissimo gravissimoque consilio, qui de nostro omnium interitu, qui de hujus urbis atque adeo de orbis terrarum exitio cogitent. Hosce ego video et de re publica sententiam rogo, et quos ferro trucidari oportebat, eos nondum voce vulnero. Fuisti igitur apud Laecam illa nocte, Catilina; distribuisti partess Italiae; statuisti quo quemque proficisci placeret, delegisti quos Romae relinqueres, quos tecum educeres, discripsisti urbis partes ad incendia, confirmasti te ipsum jam esse exiturum, dixisti paullulum tibi esse etiam tum morae, quod ego viverem. Reperti sunt duo equites Romani, qui te ista cura liberarent et sese illa ipsa nocte paulo ante lucem me in meo lectulo interfecturos esse pollicerentur.
10. Haec ego omnia, vixdum etiam coetu vestro dimisso, comperi, domum meam majoribus praesidiis munivi atque firmavi, exclusi eos, quos tu ad me salutatum mane miseras, cum illi ipsi venissent, quos ego jam multis ac summis viris ad me id temporis venturos praedixeram.
V.--11. Quae cum ita sint, Catilina, perge quo coepisti, egredere aliquando ex urbe: patent portae: proficiscere. Nimium diu te imperatorem tua illa Manliana castra desiderant. Educ tecum etiam omnes tuos, si minus, quam plurimos: purga urbem. Magno me metu liberabis, dum modo inter me atque te murus intersit. Nobiscum versari jam diutius non potes: non feram, non patiar, non sinam. Magna dis immortalibus habenda est atque huic ipsi Jovi Statori, antiquissimo custodi hujus urbis, gratia, quod hanc tam taetram, tam horribilem tamque infestam rei publicae pestem totiens jam effugimus. Non est saepius in uno homine summa salus periclitanda rei publicae. Quam diu mihi, consuli designato, Catilina, insidiatus es, non publico me praesidio, sed privata diligentia defendi. Cum proximis comitiis consularibus me consulem in campo et competitores tuos interficere voluisti, compressi conatus tuos nefarios amicorum praesidio et copiis, nullo tumultu publice concitato: denique, quotienscumque me petisti, per me tibi obstiti, quamquam videbam perniciem meam cum magna calamitate rei publicae esse conjunctam.
12. Nunc jam aperte rem publicam universam petis: templa deorum immortalium, tecta urbis, vitam omnium civium, Italiam denique totam ad exitium ac vastitatem vocas. Quare quoniam id, quod est primum et quod hujus imperii disciplinaeque majorum proprium est, facere nondum audeo, faciam id, quod est ad severitatem lenius et ad communem salutem