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SUPPLEMENT I.
NIHONGI, Chronicles of Japan from the Earliest Times to A.D. 697.
TRANSLATED FROM THE ORIGINAL CHINESE AND JAPANESE BY Wi. Gy ASTON, C.MAG., Honorary Member of the Fapan Society, Fe.
VOLUME II, Freer Gallery of Att PUBLISHED FOR THE SOCIETY BY KEGAN PAUL, TRENCH, TRUBNER & CO., LIMITED, PATERNOSTER HOUSE, CHARING CROSS ROAD, W.C. [All Rights Reserved.| i eos Eohiths Ee ig wi CONTENTS AOE, XXIII. XXIV, XXV. XXVI. XXVII.
XXVIII.
XXIX. XXX, ERRATA INDEX KEIDAI TENNO ANKAN SENKWA _,, KIMMEI _,, BIDATSU _,, YOMEI i, SUJUN e SUIKO ye JOMEI ‘ KOGYOKU,, KOTOKU,, SAIMEI 4 TENCHI _,, TEMMU _,, TEMMU _,, Jito » ET ADDENDA (Part I.) (Part II.)
Gr VOL” Et Accession A.D.
PAGE I 26 33 NIHONGI BOOK XVII.
THE EMPEROR WOHODO. (KEIDAI' TENNO.)
THE Emperor Wohodo [otherwise called Hiko-futo no Mikoto} was the son of Prince Hiko-nushi-bito, a descendant in the fifth generation of the Emperor Homuda. His mother’s name was Furuhime. She was a descendant in the seventh genera- tion of the Emperor Ikume. The Emperor’s father, hearing at his country-house at Miwo, in the district of Takashima, in the province of Ohomi, of the extreme and resplendent beauty of Furuhime’s countenance, sent a messenger to Sakanawi in Mikuni to ask for her in marriage. He took her to him as his consort, and she eventually gave birth to the Emperor.
The Prince, the Emperor’s father, died while the Emperor was yet a child. Furuhime thereupon made lament, saying:— “Tam now far removed from my native place: how could I bring him up (here)? I willreturn to my parents at Takamuku [Takamuku is a village in Echizen], and there respectfully bring up the Emperor.”
When the Emperor attained to manhood; he loved the people, and was courteous to men of worth. He was of a generous disposition.
The Emperor Wohatsuse died in the 8th year of his reign, in Winter, the 12th month, 8th day, at the age of fifty-seven. He had never had any children, either sons or daughters, and there was no one to succeed him.
OV NICS at XVII. 3.
XVII. 4.
2 NIHONGI.
On the 21st day, the Ohomuraji, Ohotomo no Kanamura, counselled, saying:—‘‘ At this moment there is no successor whatever to the throne.’ Where shall the Empire bestow its allegiance? From ancient times even until now this has been a cause of disaster. Now there is in the district of Kuhada, in the province of Tamba, Prince Yamato-hiko, a descendant in the fifth generation of the Emperor Tarashi-nakatsu-hiko. Let us make the experiment of preparing an armed force to surround his carriage as a guard, and sending to meet him, establish him as our sovereign.””» The Oho-omiand Ohomuraji all assented, and sent to meet him in the manner proposed. Upon this, Prince Yamato-hiko, viewing from a distance the troops which were sent to meet him, was alarmed and changed countenance. Accordingly he took refuge in a mountain-valley, and no one could learn whither he had gone.
Ist year, Spring, Ist month, 4th day. The Ohomuraji, Ohotomo no Kanamura, again counselled, saying:—‘‘ Prince Wohodo is of an affectionate and dutiful disposition. He isa fit person to take over the Celestial succession. Let us, there- fore, courteously offer it to him, and thus continue the prosperity of the Imperial institution.” Mononobe no Arakahi no Ohomuraji, with Kose no Wobito no Oho-omi and others, all said:—‘‘ On a careful review of the branch descendants, there is no other worthy person but Prince Wohodo.”
6th day. Omi and Muraji were sent to Mikuni with emblems of rank, and provided with a palanquin of state to fetch him. The troops to form his guard arrived suddenly in awe-inspiring array, clearing the way before him. Upon this, the Emperor Wohodo remained calm and_ self-possessed,” seated on a chair, with his retainers in order by him, just as if he already occupied the Imperial throne. The envoys, there- fore, bearing the emblems of rank, with respect and reverence bowed their hearts, and committed to him the Imperial authority, asking permission to devote to him their loyal service. In the Emperor’s mind, however, doubts still 1 It seems clear, from the fact that on this anda previous similar occasion adoption was not resorted to, that this practice had not yet been introduced from China.
2 Unlike the other prince, who ran away when he saw the troops approach, KEIDAI. 3 remained, and for a good while he did not consent. Just then he chanced to learn that Arako, Kahachi no Mtmakahi no Obito had sent a messenger secretly to inform him minutely of the real intentions of the Oho-omi and Ohomuraji in sending to escort him. After a delay of two days and three nights, he at length set out. Then he exclaimed, admiringly:—‘ Well done, Mttmakahi no Obito! Had it not been for the informa- tion given by thy messenger, I ran a great risk of being made a laughing-stock to the Empire. The proverbial saying, ‘ Be not a respecter of rank, but value the heart,’ was doubtless meant for men like Arako.” When he came to the throne, he treated Arako with special favour.
12th day. The Emperor arrived at the Palace of Kusuba.
2nd month, 4th day. The Ohomuraji, Ohotomo no Kana- mura, went on his knees, and, with repeated obeisances, pre- sented the Mirror, the Sword, and the Imperial Signet. The Emperor Wohodo declined them, saying:—‘‘It is no light matter to be a father to the people and to rule the State. I, ‘tthe unworthy one, am deficient in ability, and do not deserve to be thought fit for it. I pray thee, alter thy purpose, and ‘select some wise person, for I, the unworthy one, do not dare to accept.”” Ohotomo no Ohomuraji, bowing down to the ground, persisted in his request. Then the Emperor Wohodo, facing the west, declined three times, and facing the south,’ declined twice. Ohotomo no Ohomurajiand the rest all said:—‘‘ In the humble judgment of thy servants, the Great Prince is excel- lently fitted to be a father to the people and to rule the State. On behalf of the ancestral temples and the temples of the Earth and of Grain, thy servants’ judgment dares not be hasty. Availing ourselves of the general desire, we pray that thou wilt graciously be pleased to grant thy acceptance.””’ The Emperor Wohodo said:—‘* Ye Oho-omi and Ohomuraji, and all ye high officials! Since you all urge me, the unworthy one, I, the unworthy one, do not presume to oppose you.”” So he accepted ‘tthe Imperial Signet.?
On this day he assumed the Imperial dignity. Ohotomo, 1 The Imperial position. > Was this Signet the Signet given the Japanese Emperor by China ‘(“ Early Japanese History,” p. 70)? Or is it merely a Chinese expression -for the gem “E, which was one of the three regalia?
XVII. 5.
XVII. 6.
4 NIHONGI.
Kanamura no Ohomuraji was appointed Ohomuraji, Kose no Wobito no Oho-omi was made Oho-omi, and Mononobe no. Arakahi no Ohomuraji was made Ohomuraji, all being con- firmed in their previous offices. Thereupon the Oho-omi and Ohomuraji each entered on their respective offices and ranks.
roth day. Ohotomo no Ohomuraji petitioned the Emperor, saying:—‘‘ Thy servant has been informed that it was a prin- ciple of government with former ‘sovereigns that without the confirmation of an heir to the throne, it is impossible to give security to heaven and earth. Without the intimacy of the side-courts, it is impossible to continue the calices.' For this reason, the Emperor Shiraga, having no heir, sent thy servant’s grandfather, Ohomuraji Muruya, to all the provinces to esta- blish three. kinds of Shiraga Be [These three kinds were, first, Shiraga Be no Toneri; second, Shiraga Be no Kashihade; third, Shiraga Be no Yugehi], by which his name might remain to after ages. Alas! was not this painful? I pray thee, therefore, to establish the Imperial Princess Tashiraka * and take her to thee as Empress. Then send the officials charged with the worship of the Gods of Heaven and Earth to make reverent sacrifice to them, and ask of them an Imperial scion, who shall fully respond to the hopes of thy people.” The Emperor said:—‘‘ Be it so.”
3rd month, 1st day. The Emperor made a decree, saying: —‘* The Gods of Heaven and Earth must not want a master of their worship; the universe must not fail of a Lord. Heaven produces the nation, and establishes it by means of a supreme ruler, whom it causes to superintend its supply of food, so that each man’s life may be preserved. The Ohomuraji, grieving for Our childlessness, has displayed his loyalty towards the State, showing generation after generation a devoted fidelity. Is this simply for the sake of Our own reign?, Let the Imperial Princess Tashiraka be brought to meet me with all due ceremony.”
sth day. The Imperial Princess Tashiraka was made Empress, and took the government of the interior (of the 1 The calyx is that which supports the flower. Hence it is put for an heir to the throne. 2 Daughter of the Emperor Ninken.
_KEIDAT. 5 Palace). She eventually gave birth to a son, who became Ame-kuni-oshi-harani’-hiro-niha no Mikoto.2 He was the rightful heir, but as he was young in years, he held the Empire after his two elder brothers [The two elder brothers were Hiro- kuni-oshi-take-kanahi no Mikoto and Take-o-hiro-kuni-oshi- tate no Mikoto. See below.] had ruled it. gth day. The Emperor made a decree, saying:—‘‘ We have heard that if men are of fit age and do not cultivate, the Empire may suffer famine; if women are of fit age and do not spin, the Empire may suffer cold. Therefore is it that the ‘sovereigns cultivate with their own hands, so as to give encouragement to agriculture, while their consorts rear silk- worms themselves, so as to encourage the mulberry season. How, then, shall there be prosperity if all, from the function- aries down to the ten thousand families, neglect agriculture and spinning? Let the officials publish this to all the Empire, so that our sentiments may be made known.” 14th day. The Emperor took to him eight concubines. Some of the eight concubines whom he took to him were earlier, others later. When it is said that they were taken on this day (the 14th), it is meant that then for the first time they were lodged in the after palace, a lucky day having been selected by divination, in consequence of the accession to the Imperial Dignity. Thus the facts are glossed over. Other cases are to be understood similarly.
The senior concubine’s name was Menoko [otherwise called Irohe], daughter of Kusaka, Wohari no Muraji. She gave birth to two children, both of whom possessed the Empire. The first was called the Imperial Prince Magari no Ohine,* who became Oshi-kuni-oshi-take-kanahi no Mikoto.* The second was called the Imperial Prince Hinokuma Takada, who became Take-wo-hiro-kuni-oshi-tate no Mikoto.* The next concubine was Wakugohime, younger sister of Miho no Tsuno- wori no Kimi. She gave birth to the Imperial Prince Oho- iratsuko and the Imperial Princess Idzumo. The next was called Hirohime, the daughter of Prince Ohomata of Sakata. She gave birth to three daughters, the eldest of whom was called 1 The “ Kojiki” has haruki. Another rendering is hiraki. 2 The Emperor Kimmei. * Or Ohoye. 4 Ankan Tenno. ® Senkwa Tenno.
XVII. 7.
XVII. 8.
XVII. 9.
6 NIHONGI.
6 NIHONGI.
the Imperial Princess Kanzaki, the middle one the Imperial Princess Mamuta, and the youngest the Imperial Princess Mtimakuta. The next was called Womi no Iratsume, daughter of Prince Mate of Okinaga. She was the mother of the Imperial Princess Sasage, who was in attendance on the shrine of the Great Deity of Ise. The next was Sekihime, daughter [some say younger sister] of Womochi, Mamuta no Muraji. She had three daughters, the eldest called the Imperial Princess Mamuta no Oho-iratsume, the middle one the Imperial Princess Shirazaka no Ikuhihime, and the youngest the Imperial Princess Wono no iratsume [otherwise called Nagashihime]. The next was Yamatohime, daughter of Katahi, Miwo no Kimi. She bore two sons and two daughters. The first was named the Imperial Princess Oho-iratsume,' and the second the Imperial Prince Mariko. He was the ancestor of the Kimi of Mikuni. The third was called the Imperial Prince Mimi, and the fourth the Imperial Princess Akahime. The next was Hayehime, daughter of Kahachi, Wani no Omi. She’ bore one son and two daughters. The first was called the Imperial Princess Wakayahime, the second the Imperial Princess Tsubura no Iratsume, and the third the Imperial Prince Atsu. The next was Hirohime, daughter of Prince Ne. She had two sons, the elder of whom was called the Imperial Prince Usagi. He was the ancestor of the Kimi of the Sake-makers. The younger was called the Imperial Prince Naka. He was the ancestor of the Kimi of Sakada.”
This year was the year Hinoto I (24th) of the Cycle.
2nd year, Winter, roth month, 3rd day. The Emperor Wohatsuse waka-sazaki was buried in the misasagi on the hill of Ihatsuki at Katawoka.
12th month. The people of Tamna* in the midst of the 1 Some give iratsuko for the Kana of this and similar names.
2 The “ Kojiki” and “ Kiujiki” present some trifling variations in the accounts of these concubines and children.
3 -Tamna is the island now called Chéchu by the Coreans and known to. us as Quelpaert. The statement here made is utterly improbable in itself, as Quelpaert is in sight of the Corean mainland, It is contradicted by the following passages of the ‘‘ Tongkam.” ' “King Munchiu of Pékché, 2nd year (A.D. 476), Summer, 4th month. The land of Tamna presented tribute of their national productions to. Pékché. The king was rejoiced, and appointed the ambassadors Eunsol.
KEIDAL.. 9 Southern Sea first had communication with the Land of Pékché.
3rd year, Spring, 2nd month. Envoys were sent to 4». 509.
Pekché. The statement in the Pékché “ Original Record”’ that Lord Kuramachi came from Japan (Nippon) is unclear. The subjects of Pékché, who during three or four generations had made their escape and were living as refugees in the XVII.
villages of the Japanese domain of Imna, having lost their place in the register of population, were all removed to Pékché and replaced on the registers.
5th year, Winter, roth month. The capital was transferred a.p. 511.
to Tsutsuki in Yamashiro.
zumi no Omi, was sent on a mission to Pekché with a present of 44 horses of the Land of Tsukushi.
Winter, 12th month. Pékché sent an envoy with tribute. In a separate memorial Pekché asked for four districts of the Land of Imna, viz. Upper Tari, Lower Tari, Syata, and Muro. Oshiyama, Hodzumi no Omi, Governor of the Land of Tari, made a representation to the Emperor, saying:—‘‘ These four districts border on Pekché and are far separated from the Japanese Residency. Morning and evening they (i.e. Pékché and Tari) exchange communications: their fowls and dogs cannot be kept apart. If they are now ceded to Pekché and Tamna is in the midst of the Southern Sea. In ancient times there were no inhabitants. Then there were three divine men who. bubbled up from the earth. The eldest was called Nang-eul-la, the next was called Ko-eul-la, and the third Pu-eul-la. One day these three, having gone out to hunt by the sea-side, found a stone coffer. On opening it, they discovered three women, with cattle of various sorts and seeds of the five kinds of grain. They eventually shared between them, taking the women as wives. Then each betook himself to a well-watered fertile spot and selected by divination a residence. Nang-eul-la’s dwelling was called First City, Ko-eul-la’s Second City, and Pu-eul-la’s Third City Then they sowed the five grains and pastured the cattle, and prospered and multiplied from day to day. Tamna is also called Tam-mu-ra.”—“ Tongkam,” IV. 31.
“ap. 498 The King of Pékché, because Tamna did not pay tribute, set out himself on an expedition against it. He got as far as Muchinchiu, when the Tamna people heard of it and sent messengers to beg for pardon. So they were let off.”—“ Tongkam,” V. 3.
There-is no mention of Tamna in the “ Tongkam” under the year 508.
eV 2 rr 8 - NIHonGi.
united to it so as to form one country, no better measure of conservation can be adopted. It is true, no doubt, that even if ceded and united to Pekché there will still be a danger for future generations. Much more how many years could they be defended if they became foreign territory?”’!
Kanamura, Ohotomo no Ohomuraji, having thoroughly com- prehended this report, adopted this policy and laid it before the Emperor. Accordingly Arakahi, Mononobe no Ohomu- raji, was appointed Imperial envoy. Mononobe no Ohomuraji was on the point of leaving for the official inn at Naniha in order to make known the Emperor’s commands to the Pékché guests, when his wife expostulated with him, saying:— ‘‘ Originally the Deities® of Sumiyoshi bestowed on the Em- peror Homuda while in the womb the gold and silver lands beyond the sea, namely Koryo, Pekché, Silla, and Imna. Therefore did the Great Empress* Okinaga-tarashihime no Mikoto and the Oho-omi Takechi no Sukune first establish Government Houses* in each of these countries and constitute them our screen territory beyond the sea. So that this has not come to pass without reason. If now we were to divide off (a part) and grant it to others, we should be acting contrary to the interests of our own land. How, in that case, during the long ages should reproach be sundered from men’s mouths?” The Ohomurajianswered and said:—‘‘ Thy advice is reasonable, but I fear to disobey the Celestial command.” His wife remonstrated with him earnestly, saying:--‘‘ Pretend that thou art ill, and do not make communication.” The Ohomuraji was guided by this remonstrance, and therefore another envoy was appointed to make known the Imperial will. Presents were giverf, and an Imperial decree granting four districts of Imna in accordance with the petition. The Imperial Prince Ohine, owing to certain business, had not heard of the cession of territory. When it was too late he learnt that the decree had been issued. He was surprised and dissatisfied, and endeavoured to have it altered, saying:— ' The meaning is that Pékché will be better able to prevent these pro- vinces from falling into the hands of Silla than Japan. All Imna was conquered by Silla in A.D. 562. See below, XIX. 51.
% The word used does not mean a reigning Empress. 4 Miyake.
KEIDAI. 9 “* Since the days of the Emperor in the womb’ there has been established the land of our Government House. Shall we lightly yield to the request of a frontier land and grant it away without difficulty?”’ Accordingly he sent Hiwashi? no Kishi to make a fresh intimation to the Pékché guests. The Envoys, however, replied, saying:—‘‘The Emperor, the father, has already, for considerations of expediency, consummated a grant by Imperial decree. How can the Imperial Prince, his son, act contrary to the Emperor’s expressed will, and unauthorizedly make to us a different intimation? Surely he cannot be in earnest. But granting that it were true, which is the more painful—to be beaten with the large end of a staff or with the small one?” At length they took their departure. Upon this it wasrumoured that Ohotomo no Ohomuraji and Oshiyama, Hodzumi no Omi, Governor of the Land of Tari, had received bribes from Pekché.
7th year, Summer, 6th month. Pékché sent General Chya- mi Mun-kwi and General Chyu-ri Cheung-ni along with Oshi- yama, Hodzumi no Omi [the Pékché “ Original Record” says, ‘““Commissioning Lord Oshiyama”’], to bring as tribute a scholar of the five classics named Tan Yang-ni. They separately addressed the Emperor, saying:—‘‘The land of Pan-phi* has seized thy servants’ territory of I-mun.* I humbly pray that the Celestial favour may decide that it be restored to its original jurisdiction.”
Autumn, 8th month, 26th day. Syun-ta, the eldest son of the King of Pékché, died.’
gth month. The Imperial Prince Magari no Ohine in per- son" betrothed to himself the Imperial Princess Kasuga. Thereupon all through the moonlit night they held sweet con- Ojin Tenno.
* This name means sun-eagle. There is a god called Ama no Hiwashi mentioned in the “ Kogojiui.”
* The traditional Kana is Hahe. It is doubtful here which rendering to follow.
* It seems to have been Japanese at this time. The “Seishiroku” says that in the reign of Mimaki-irihiko the Imna people asked Japan to annex I-mun, as the inhabitants were in constant strife with Silla. I-mun was a district on the north-east frontier of Imna.
> The “ Tongkam” says nothing of this. 6 i.e. without a middle-man. She was Ninken’s daughter.
MENALIE YIP, IO NIHONGI. | verse till the dawn came on them unawares. Of a sudden the grace of elegant style was embodied in his speech, and he broke into song, saying:— In the eight-island land! Vainly a wife I sought Until in Kasuga (Of Spring weather) Hearing that there was A fair maiden, Hearing that there was A good maiden, Pushing open The spruce-fir plank door (Of right-wood? cleavage) Hither have I come. Taking it by the foot end I laid hold of the hem (of her garment), Taking it by the pillow-end I laid hold of the hem (of her garment); Then my beloved’s * arm Was wound around me And my arm too Was wound round my beloved. XVII. 13. Like a luxuriant vine, Arm embraced and twined with arm; As the armlet fits the elbow,” In sweet slumber we lay. ’Tis the bird of the courtyard, The cock that is crowing: ’Tis the bird of the moor, The pheasant that is clamouring. Ere I have uttered All my mind fully The dawn has come. Oh my beloved one!
Then his consort replied in song, saying:— live. Japan. See above, Vol.J. p. 15.
2 Maki, lit. “right-wood,” is here a mere honorific epithet applied to the wood of the Chamzcyparis obtusa, which has an even grain, adapting it well for making planks at ia time when saws were unknown and the axe: was used for that purpose.
4 Lit. younger sister, which was used much like our “ my dear.”
> The interpretation of this line is very doubtful. - KEIDAT. - 11 Down the river of Hatsuse (The secluded) The bottom part Making into a lute, The upper part Making into a flute, Blowing into it (the flute), playing on it (the lute), Were I to ascend and stand On the top of Mimoro,.
And publish it? there, The very fishes That pass under the water Of the pond of Ihare Would come to the surface and lament: The august girdle of small pattern,* Girded on By our Great Lord Who tules peacefully, Hangs down in a knot— Not a man is there whoever he may be But would come up and lament.
Winter, 11th month, 5th day. General Chya-mi Mun-kwi of Pekché, Mun-ték-chi of Silla, Sin-i-hyé and Pun-pha-wi-sa of Ara and Kwi-chon-hyé and Chyung-mun-chi of Pan-phi were sent for to attend Court in a body, and received communica- tion of a gracious Imperial order, giving I-mun and Teé-sa to the Land of Pekché.
In this month the Land of Pan-phi sent Cheup-chi with ' Close-jointed at the bottom, long-jointed at the top. At least so one commentator. There are other equally unsatisfactory explanations of this line.
2 Viz. the sadness of the coming of the dawn under the circumstances above described.
3 Tha means “rock.” Therefore the epithet in parentheses.
4 This and the next four lines are introduced solely because tare, “to hang down,” also means “who.” I have. endeavoured to imitate this by “knot” and“ not.” See above, Vol. I. p. 402.
This poem amounts to this:— “Tf to the accompaniment of music I were to express the sadness of our parting, the very fishes would lament, and all men who heard me would lament.” Pi Pie SVIL. as 12 NIHONGI.
presents of rare and valuable objects, asking for the Land of I-mun. Eventually it was refused them.
12th month, 8th day. An Imperial decree was made, saying:—‘‘ We, having taken over the Celestial succession, have been watchful to preserve the Ancestral Temples, and have been wary and fearful. For a while the Empire has been at peace; within the seas there has been serenity and calm. Years of abundance have been frequent, redounding to the prosperity of the Land. Admirable! Maroko,' thou hast made known our sentiments to the eight quarters. Magnifi- cent! Magari no Ohine! thou hast cast a lustre on our authority amongst all countries. Japan” is harmonious, and each man may do as he pleases in the Empire. Akitsu is glorified, and the Royal territory raised to high honour. Thou prizest nought but wisdom: in nothing dost thou take greater pleasure than in doing good. Depending on this, the sagely influences undulate afar: leaning upon this, the profound virtue is permanently supported. Truly, such is thy virtue that thou art fit to occupy the Spring Palace,’ to aid Us in dispensing benevolence, and to assist Us by supplementing our deficiencies.”: 8th year, mst month. The eldest Prince’s Consort, the Imperial Princess Kasuga, was late in coming out one morning, and was not in her ordinary state. The eldest Prince’s sus- picions were aroused. He went into the Palace, and found his Consort lying on her couch weeping and sobbing. Her passion was such that she could not control it. The eldest Prince, thinking it strange, inquired of her, saying:—‘* What cause of grief hast thou, that thou sobbest and weepest this morning?”’ His Consort said:—‘‘ Thy handmaiden’s sorrow hath no other cause but this. The heaven-soaring birds, in order lovingly to nurture their young, build nests on the tree- tops, so deep is their affection for them. The creeping things that crawl upon the ground, in order to guard their offspring, make holes in the ground, so careful is their guardianship of them. How then should mankind be wanting in foresight?
? Ankan Tenno.
2 “Japan” is probably an anachronism. The whole speech has every appearance of being an invention of later times.
3 The Palace of the Heir to the Throne.
KEIDAI. 13 The grief of childlessness having befallen the eldest Prince, thy handmaiden’s name also becomes extinct.” The Heir Apparent sympathized with her in her sorrow, and informed the Emperor, who made a decree, saying:— ‘‘ Our son, Maroko!’ thy Consort’s words are in profound accordance with reason. It is impossible that they should remain void, and without a consolatory response. Let her be granted the granary’ of Saho, to bear her name for ten thousand generations.”
3rd month. Panphi built castles at Cha-than*® and Te-sa, thus bringing itself in line with Manhyé. They also estab- lished beacon-towers, as a defensive measure against Japan. Moreover, they built castles at Ni-nydl-pi and Masupi, and so connected with Ma-cho-hyé and Chhyu-pu; they brought together troops and weapons, wherewith they harassed Silla, making booty of women and children, and fleecing the villages. Their violence increasing, scarce any inhabitants remained. Their deeds of outrage, profligacy, injury, oppression, and murder were too numerous to set down in detail.; gth year, Spring, 2nd month, 4th day. General Mun-kwi, the Pekché envoy, and his party asked leaveto goaway. Byan Imperial decree Mononobe no Muraji [his personal name is not given] was attached to them, and they were allowed to go back.
The Pekché “ Original Record ’’ says:—‘‘ Mononobe no chichi* no Muraji.”
In this month they came to the Island of Sa-to,® where they learned by report that men of Pan-phi, with hate in their bosoms and venom in their mouths, were committing wanton outrage, trusting in brute force. Therefore Mononobe no Muraji, in command of a fleet of five hundred war-ships, made straight for the estuary of Té-sa, and General Mun-kwi departed by way of Silla.
Summer,: 4th month. Mononobe no Muraji remained at anchor in the estuary of Te-sa.
1 [ should like to find some authority for omitting “our son ” and trans- lating ‘maro-ko thus. See above, Vol. I. p. 264, where maro ga chi is rendered “our father.”
2 Miyake.
sf tr. See below, XVII. 18, where EF) # (Kwithan) is probably this place, one of the two being a mistake.
XVII. 16 XVII. 17.
14 NIHONGI.
6th day. The Pan-phi people raised an army and came to attack them. They stripped them of their clothing, plundered them of their property, and burnt all their tents.'. Mononobe no Muraji and his men were frightened, and took to flight, saving their lives with difficulty. They anchored at Mun-mo-ra [the name of an island].
roth year, Summer, 5th month. Pekché sent Mok-hidp, of the former division,’ and the Pu-ma* Kap-he to entertain Mono- nobe no Muraji and his men at I-mun, and to escort them into that country. All the (Pekché) officials brought forth clothing, axe-iron, and woven stuffs, assisting them by presents of their national products, which they piled up in the court. Kind visits of inquiry were made to them, and unusually abundant presents were bestowed on them.
Autumn, gth month. Pekché sent General Chyuri Cheuk- chha,* along with Mononobe no Muraji, to come and give thanks for the grant of the territory of I-mun. They also offered tribute of a scholar acquainted with the five classics, named Ko An-mu, of Han,* and asked that he should be exchanged for Tan Yang-ni.” He was exchanged in accordance with this request.
14th day. Pekché sent General Chyang-mak-ko and two Japanese, named Shinato and Ahita, to accompany Anchyong, the Koryé envoy, and his party, who came to our Court to cement amicable relations.
tath year, Spring, 3rd month, gth day. The capital was removed to Otokuni.’
17th year, Summer, 5th month. King Mu-nyéng of Pekché died.* 1 Or rather screens of cloth to hide off an encampment.
2 See below, XX VII. 12.
3 Puma is possibly the modern Corean Puma, i.e. King’s son-in-law, but it is perhaps more likely to be a man’s name too, thus making three Chyén-pu, or Officials of the former division, ‘4 Probably the person called Cheung ni above, XVII. 11, the difference being owing to a copyist’s error.
®> The Chinese dynasty of that name. It seems here to form part of the name. Ff , * See above XV, 12. 7 In Yamashiro.
3 This agrees with the “ Tongkam” date, even to the month.
KEIDAI.: 15 18th year, Spring, ist month. The Pékché Heir hea Myéong,* assumed the (Royal) dignity.
2oth year, Autumn, gth month, 13th day. The capital was removed to Tamaho in Ihare.’_ [In one book it says 7th year.]
2ist year, Summer, 6th month, 3rd day. Afumi no Kena no Omi, in command of an army of 60,000 men, was about to proceed to Imna, in order to re-establish and unite to Imna South Kara and Ték-sa-than, which had been conquered by Silla, when Ihawi, Tsukushi no Kuni no Miyakko, secretly plotted rebellion, so that there was a delay of several years. Fearing that the matter would be hard to accomplish, he was constantly watching a favourable opportunity. Silla, knowing