SigPhi · William of Ockham

Tractatus venerabilis inceptoris guilhelmi ocham de Sacramento altaris [tr. by T

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very em oration. Se we tee * " é vues re A the fallacy of equivocations they have no other defect.

of Maaviat their gti stakes inion « in the third Ghapter in the fourth and firth: _argument,ere explained.

ie: some quantity is not-a th: ng really disfrom substance,and quantity is an secident;it ains to show that the authority of Augustine doas sontradiot the previous state sitey eee suse AUgsius~ does hee: Rontena’ that magnitudes are sacidentc ng in them. For 1 -aistinet from eubetance Sysaalsiasithclit ene wonderful that ‘One 2c eidgent can from another and yet s result,unicss He would one dif- Sah > parts of a ane £ag5 ras oar ing one outetie of another, thing to them;and so entire thing composed of them could be great, al- n no other thing vould be produced in it. For the change effin that wagnitude is an aceldent, Ey ve 6 latger or smeller Pur thing « other tien to have parts Ee lo- those: parts een be Less distant. by virtue » subdstence NEC eLSO neoause for 2 sunstance to be snaller is nothing than toshave p parts” less sedge Mul als K | surprising gan he shown by a contrery opinion.

e preceding oven or fs not, It ts not. possible to grant o.rarefnotion, in- 2moles,not i destroyed; for singe would be Aictinos in ne without interruption he-~- fe wld be quantity a whole distinet froin or oF sunsennent quantity. Rut it is elesar they do does not remain to say that those Pe ae SEND Oe ga r every accident really denominating its ovn those fa now destroyed were of such ajina. 4 stefore, it follows that things i a te in oneration, rinct according to themselves as 4 whole,not making hole, would have already been destroyed, which seens ficiently absutde Nor can it even be coneeded that here “is an aecident which could destroy one quantity generete another;for yhieh reason it could not even Serve one ef those quantities vhile another is 8d- Ling; therefore, it does not seein reasonable ie) ~ entire preceding penrenne re is destroved, and er quantity is generated when the air or some body pcomes rarified;for then it vould folloy thet all tne malities would be destroyed no matter hor epee ody would become rarefied; for if quantity gould » etroyed and recident itself is destroved by the detruction of the imnediate subiect of any accident,it ld be necessary thet all iumediate qualities inhering that quantity should be destroyed;put if you wish say that the whole previous quantity is not destroyed it, Semet nine remains, then that quantity especially ains vithout every new part, but there is eaiikhen part which did not remain hefore. But that there not another nov part eutor did not exist before, can “be affirmed, because that part vas Fenexted in other subjectsand it is manifest thet it is not eived except in sone nortiok of sir or of fire; foros otthee gene ek Gee iy ae * Eos pert of -the quantity fie tii * | eubject or witharers 1 frou that subs doct in statement is 1 umpoasonable. | therefore, it follows sesee there is ne other ner part of quentity entice tne tact the at ra quantity i, sale in rm iawn lier and: eftervards is Lerg er, because RS at first less seperate ¢ dense, but aftervards 5 wilt And so bit cant tndnd tb couln cect vesat: Vide aie nee its own eee be Larger at one annller 7 nithor at every . substance, inhering But porheps _ “roula ‘say show gon 9 substance e tho aitferonce patween ye: as and.

mich Ag properly alteration, and Loval change; therct two. changes” some thing inhering in the Bject advenes; but through losal change it is gessavy that e thing inhoring in the changed vene;but it is sufficient that kd eequires. self a place which 4t aia not have before; where- aaa very statement that ‘the thing is in e s not pefore, bute in fim 1 the: place and. the th nin x placed, th iat thing ena if or 50 whet i4 it. for 2 thing plseeed ton Se feteten ne re could sstsaehinlatets. thet tot olics suoh relations are re cortain th AngS ‘om asolute > things: for thus the “venerable rela tion s are aeeid ents which, jeryonn mavens | to sonotning without an a to Godse yet no ) thing bdeaay aiotet frou ra short,T have t never read in some sacred > maintains tha nt _neciaent is quantity from substance: any more than he mainteines dquia” ond relations (srs wocldants seat from ) the @ atic asic S _ sal einai not. t. _incon- @ aigterent things ebcointesreuily dictinot ape on ough the ites statements another passage of same: plosseW) oan ne expluined: fro he does not into say that every magnitude is a certea Lin absolute ng inhering in substence;really distinet from it; he intends to say thet one th Hing | is magnitude, aher is that whieh is great of it, just by uuen pecause the thing itself cen remain, although may not be great; whieh dan occur in’a tro-fold mer. wherefore, it nay eceur in one mode Mine ough % ensation,for if a large thing is condensed so that yecomes an objec et-of small que sntity, throven this ne the varts of the substance, "hich vere locally wh senarated, becoue less separate in situstion rith- an entirely ner object having been generated,and ~ [thout an entirely old object heving been destroyed, and 2 the thing itself reeamins. And so it is one thing thing to existyend another for 2 thing to be & itiedeuse the thing gen exist elthough 1t is not te This ean happen in another vay throngh the potence of God,if He shoulda bring it to pass,er ‘gay that it is tmpossible for God to de,that a ng formerly great maight aftervards ‘come to be sewhere in that mode in whieh the body of christ sts under the species of bread,and yet exists no- ite locally and ¢irewmsserivtively;for then because thing might nat have parts separate in situation, a not be greatiand so it can be,a thing, although is not great;an Pinteine this view alone, a%- is clear that there is no dictum of the essed Anenstine contrary to the previous statements. another vay it can he declared that the blessed gustine speaks. of magnitude which is relation; foo as tagnum is relative, sco magnithge is relation; nov according to 911 tatholics it is contrary to ne statements of the Saints that relation is not differen nt thins really distinct froin an absolute thins:;thereforec, it ie not eontrary to the Catholic faith say that the magnitude, of which Auonestine svesks, not a thing different from sibstance;vat ure with statement 41% is established that the blessed Aucuse a ne states the truth when he ssys thet magnitude i oncident, beesnes it is hantcon tiie vredicated of naturel thing; therefore, on this nesis the blessed eustine can be erplained.

tm stilt enother way it ean be exdlained,that through ncnitude.by whieh erented things are greatyhe does t understand one absolute aeeident inhering in eated totnes; bet througr that mearnitude he understands efficient cause making them to be great,of which re is no dovht hut thet e different thing is made Form erent ed bninggs end dp are great by the varticipation rite en trroveh information but 4 vk 7 ee %, true magnitude by which not only a house is great,and by which whmbunt sat;put also by which whatever elee is called great,is great; so “that magnitude is one thing,and those things whieh are 8 much more excellent way than those things whieh ere great by partaking of it;but because God is not.great by that magnitude wvhich is not what He Himself isyso i that Godysince He is grest,is,as it were,parteaker of it; -othervise that would be magnitude greater then God, but by that magnitude by wnich He limself is the saue be concluded tang negnitude." From those vords it gga Blessed Auetetines speaks of the magnitude by which created things are causally great;however, because he eveaks of magnitude"by which whatever else is cailed sreatyis eailed great", whether they are corporeal or civitual thingse Wherefore,he sveaks of the magnituady just as he stated pefore, by which a home is great, by which a mountein is grest,yby which an angel is great, hieh angel is spiritual, although home snd mountain are corporeal things. 3ut it is manifest that there is magnitude inhering in 2 substance as in a svuhject, which every other thing is gteat,vhich is called reat,whether it is corporeal or spiritual. Therefore, “there is nothing greater than God; therefore,He is great t ¢plled great, s greet without bike only because the blessed atid Oe, 3 or mag tude, hich is primarily ere at and in a meh more stent anhering in 6 substance; for just as nothing > pubs stance,so nothing ean naturally be “ey before subs Matice: but because he speaks of nagtude which ie grector than neers ee is’ greet;it established that no accident inhering in. substance be greeter then the substance of which it is an | ‘ gident;thereforc, it is elear that the blessed Augustine: eks of the magnitude whieh is the reason why other eated things are great. Wherefore,the blessed Augus- “gene place,that God is ne wishes to sho: Hiner great by some magither causally nor in sone i tude which is not God Himself, 3ut crea times are great '@ different wagnitude which makes them to be great; eh wegnituds is 3s However, not ‘the ereated objects hak head ‘primarily great and in a much more ¢ Lent way than those which are great by partaking Maaterore, this yerh, varticipare,is that magnitudes mélosophers as yell as oe explained we sac: of those uodoe, at nee and quality, snd ‘the expositions er writers do this vith thenjalthough some ao not ain the intention of the Saints,and various persons How quantity is a predicanent distinet from avueality and svb- etanes @, note? it} i~Shianding the fact that no quantity is distinct from part of a thing,from sube etance and quality. Tn whieh re replies to the sixth arguuent, showing that wredicaments are signe predicable of, things.

This must also be econsidered:how quantity is a.

predicament distinct from quality and substancesn ote Athestanding the facet thet no quantity ic a thing eeily distinst from pert of a things from substance nd quality, which can pe shown from a similer argue nt from the statements of many Catholic Doctors; or just as it has béénn been stated,relation is a rredioament distinct from other PROG Loman s4ane yet bocording to many of them relation is not a different thing distinet from absolute things;therefore, quantity gould be a dietinct vredicament, althoush quantity is ais a different thing really distinct from auality and ewhstancee Poein, 1t is no sreater inconsistency for predicaments to he distin guished, hich do not have distinet things sontained under themselves,than for species to be livided vhieh do not have distinet things contained der themselves; but it sometimes haprens that species diverse,although the same thing is arrenged under species. This statement is proved by the testivantity are distinctivet no thing corresponds to 8 eontinuous quantity that docs not correspond to ac continuous that does not const® $number with another,acecording to ithe sontention of the Doctor previously mentioned.

Again, theostme thing is also employed in diverse pre- dicamente aecording to the game Saintyas vas asserted pefore; therefore, there ig no inconsistency in the tatement thet cventity ic a predicament distinet fran vality and substance,and yet that every quantity te is not an absolute thing really distinct from substance re nothing other than certain prodiecables and signs things,on aceommt of which John of Damascus fitting- yistates:"It is necessary to know that there are ten “predicements, that is,very general genera under which very term simply stated is resolved." WhereLore,s the oe Saint wishes to state,thet every term, "hich can ealled the extreme of 2 proposition or can be that rough which an answer is vroperly made to some - quaestion raised through any interrogation whatever, ic arranged under some predicament;end that through et ie nich an answer is made to sven distinet queations ised by diverse interrogativessis arftanged under Siverse predicaments; wherefore, ell things through a. quality.e Wherefore, it must be Known that predicasents Sstronen which ‘ly made to the any raised ner cuando, are angoa under ie gente, timejeand all terme throuch 1 an enerer is made to the aweastion eniced pre ees in the ifo13- aibade eerie Gdterrocative on te considered ny the erarmarinans as an interro- Suet Lomontsgunlensynerehanse, sch interrogatives ue, bee cond x0 have 7 great feaarth of onbetantives. are arren 17ed in diverse wbiktedaent other parts of sveech,and sometines “eonnoced or diverse martes of speech,ss freauently 4 “somposed of diverse prepositions and their own oases) ote tek iatea in his Logie in chester XXXTI.:"*fhat evety ssinvle,is recolved under that rredic¢snent?

ose BYeteibstance as stone;quantum es Aman as father and son;quality as and black;place as in Tyre,in Damascus; put eee Ste is oestansive;vossession as to cut oo ena talec: but those oF str0h , degree that the o dignified, but thet pete may he stenified through the rest; 1s 10 | substantiel 0 oe aeetaental thine¢ is signified thet it is signified through * Loentor dimly the same i A ees nots thet subs tances auality and quanta ty are dis~ hatever Kind the terms are; but miton: of the mind whieh are so natneee tty signisvine things;and indeed es ‘Aistingntened,not-vith-s standing ean be ais ete ched, although they do not 1BSe - noune, substance, one to. unierstand 1tynonefaneeynor through this nouny noun, subs tee quelity oxistssnot-vithnodern Dogtors ODD pose: ite First, ; ar he Ay % othor opinions ‘of Jetholic and other writers, to be true; on thle dontboetey ‘Tey Bistinstion: Mit). of exple ining weny ngeinst At geet as men ol muy oh f faitns as: ‘Pope e Tanogent a 8 dovteine of faith is under discus setonyT think 4 thority of his name and position, just as nov your © Gésveok, trot it might be of profit to 411 the enes thronchout the whole orld." A sloss in oDp- sition to this statement states in the same place:" statement on De Heretic yAd abolendum, seems to be opposition to ite Por there it is intimated that cen mast D6 i heretics, thom eis Hi ono % 4 ve declered ‘are 5 he omni * wherefore, Pone Lucian: eye ins ‘the sane degree: "Ally mo concerning the sacrament a doe body and. blesd. og our Lord Jesus Christ,or ¢ontae the venission of sins through oblikatory tonssion,or concerning matrimony,or the rest of the ecles sinstical bat 5 oramente, have not feared to think or teach se Snag se than tne Hoty. Roman. GMS oh ore- 3 ribes ¢ and observes, and in weneral, whosoever the ie Roman: Church, either each bishon individually in ‘ 6 om dioceses rith 2 council of clerey,or the ¢lerical ishope, in a vacant Boo, rit ra eomneil ~it i% snhovld eosssary, of neighboring bis shops, hove declared heretics a re condemn with a honda i oscetunt anatnemea. * From |; ose words it might he coneluded that it vertains toe n@ bishons and to the olersy in a vatant See to deeetion of faith. But the gloss previously o ee he i exe of no one other then the ted: At is another ae to gan ansver ie a question Dien ities Sisniek aterm relsetion e getert explaineyans for that reason he ate 3ut ne explains this, "in faith, that is, faith- teither Laud ean a uss the eauses of faiths but gan aise Heretiais, Lensiau® ani oe the clergy, the me ean decide; »"Gum Christus", the gloss states ersy wong ‘theologians eon cerning some er tiole it sinha be referred to the Supreme Pontiff. For chersyit seems aboura that it pelongs to aint an some » thine, oko he not ex= sorinturesys susie 44. nae not bare seen te don ne in bhatt: tines.

opinion, especially aany - sethonie Dootorss oreiearort hy in knowledg eyhave rela thie opinion: endyes ‘T heve per ina; Teletion worthy of the feitnse. certain nseswot 2 neve: not seen is hook which setedne : the: statanonte of ‘inoon who mutve Lily condenn a doetrine suspected : vou Fathers after: they have eprroved ei: the Apostolic See. Any one ought to devout, fedthy ec “auencent says on De cona to stand wr the statanents: “ Some foknomledged: vy the hove things ite nave peen alias « as Onna e has rettacted many of his tatementey or unless just as earrested by tho ae. they ainong themselves hola diverse opinions) ae eone eee the ve of Salome, : hor through reanoning to ne i if a 3; y. e it as dangerous and heretical,they sre ineescantnang | at to eee py their dog-1liks varkings, not S _ Rn * Lely Pane may oreit pings ag miter in the seond chapter" LO ask it +, sia undectided 229 nor ‘shea. y ‘be ashamed. to Learn it in’ rout et min whom, h heen De he net boon truly ete ke he orn opinion, and refute mine,if he one he < do this with eharit: be made } known 4o me also,if and truth, and ates T am still ro received the most a undent ne Be phouta not be possible and willela meditate in { BE a 7 eas Lordy 0 day a stot nightsatle eauk artr ing gan Of FORGED Tet AEM AE coord ‘ng red eas a0 not ererve, eecn!

ame. author | affizas of inaiviane 2 t the nisho os OPS, was: contimseays na through eon wergations ore. wise e oan that arbioat. of mhich they so%e oxperiens ety nd through the veightier authority a cagnelty and. through soun wile of somo A Aen isureds 17. enyt hi AMON - them,» Letter to as, Se ppoettestt ie any pla ite ave: > understood, othormise. We ete indeed tn: to take to Be ins Apostle; ‘nn nd if you cheatin gas vi ani to same asl one aueyore th ough catholic ey think othervise than the truth has it,as understood her by others or by us vith divine help. Sugh as with respect to the writings of others,so T wish 4 uéges of my own writings to bea." Prom those norities and very iany others it evidently can be eluded that it is pemaitted to eenevre and also gondenn the wetttige of every one »vefore they have jen authorized by the Rowman ohurche And indeed, 6 1- sill many nola the opposite of the opin sion proposed, te not negessary to ¢eondemn this opiniones pecially nee it thus coneure AN. the dt atenente 4 Doctors approved by the church;yset I eonfe it could be shown that it vroceeds from the mind any Doctor acknoyledged by the Anos tolic See, that antity is an absolute thing differen it, reel ok ny intellect ‘cha to advance PT contrery ~e dictum of reason,unless the Roman shurch teaches it this vier must be held, because the authority of hureh is greater then the whole porer of human The previous eeiton is no eontrary to experience, and ti eighth argunent,cited before in chapter TTI.,is explained.

when substnge is divided vitnout the loss of a ‘ty there is: no more need tor quantity than for sub- ce to be destroyea;f OL quantity can be so divided ust as sub whenever fen substances whi ch at first pelonge sad & greater puent ity, way pecoue Raed of a smaller quant ity without + destruction of any abeoltite thing,yvhich is clear in -gondensetion of a thing. “or when some thing is ensed, it is inconsistent to affiri that some pre- ng quantity remaing; therefore, either the whole ssains without the newness. of any part at all,if th iicccnt id concededsit becoues 4 smaller quantity thout the dectruction Of eny absolute thing, and beiiortiy: ror this reason there is no need for ntity to be distinguished from substancesor the deding quantity remains, so however that some part preceding quantity is destroyed,vhich can not aintednedsbecsuse if some part of the preceding 1 texe: that Bart « of the substances > crhuery eubseat of that quantity or: that vert os the quantity, and T ask whether it pieine now without quantity, which ean not be granted, ena then the substance or vert of the substance, Loh vas before a quantum, vould. jaturally not become -auantum,if it itself remains, hich is false end in- oesible;or it is the subject of some part of a quantity, a anon even of 8 ner part, hich ean not be anted, eause icuee is no greater reacon thet ome mart of condensed thing take on &® new quantity than enother,; 4 20 it is neccesary that,»either the mhole substance on a nev quantity aosording to eny part of itself according to nature;or it is the subject, @ isting thingywhich can not obtain, because 4Hen even rt of a quantity passes from sitbiect to subiact, »for God so adiainisters affeire that He allors . to eontroll their orn movements. Therefore, it ‘loys from all the mete stetements that, vhen quantity,: Bayt. thing is lost or destroyed;put the sane rgyhich was, at first 2 greater —_ s afterahcolute thing;throvgh this statement that P parts wm poeoites ‘ie B.3 abaty ie a s20p— oxtail “s ath erelores th * — ly pen= ‘ repeat y thet + vo cuenta ty trough ‘conic eneatian or ‘pinoneh: ‘ohne vert ag qualities necoraing | to iteete as & shole nor according arts; jnet. as it. is in agree enont with experience o nany qualities “neither pooording to thems elves es, nor ageord ing to their orn verte are destroyed And indeed. thet substance docs not beacons a eet. put tmronsh this eee : ee thet substance: ere now lees senarate in sane mere tne varts - aheolnte agekient at alle ee rou as ok in hat way it is now 8 quantity len than hofores if. it has lost nothing, it must be tuet this. ist virtue of the agent, whioh, as ‘nove some thing Logally, so it is pos sible for fe roots vrocally to approach» vhich vere hnefore separators and therefore, for that thing to be 4 ee quantity now - then - before G,is nothing other rae ee | ES. es 7.

Sl mst eee a: aN Chapter: x EXXVIT Ee ‘All longitudes are of the seme speeies,and hor some differ in speciessend the tonth YeAsony, Citeds in chapter XXX.,is explained.

After these statements 1t muct be opserved hov all ngitudes are of the same species;and how some differ specioss Wherefore, it mist be noticed theat,iust as wes snowed by John of Damasecus,the same thing con xyict in diverse vrediesments according to one or another tion,snd consequently tvo things of the same pre- ieament -ean exist in diverse predicaments;for secording cS) a eeanned previously mentioned the sane S in the genus, substances ac cording to one and soilag the a oo ipggaaieers tq another things ere icons rica in the predicament,.

De stance, and in the vredicament, quantity, ae recording to one or another intention; those thin os pelons to the ne svedicament, hegause each is in the predicssment,— substance,and yet they are in diverse predigaments aecording to the Doctor and the seint named;so it i sossible thet some things are eontainei under one stecies and under different species,for the reason thet those thingsyeaeh of which is longitude, can pe oon pined under this svecies of auantity, Llongitudesand @ ve nontaitied under different ine ees he PAiverse eksd Onna; pee etirore, it «mst be conceded at ‘longitude of air and longitude of water are of the me snecies sais the predicament sduantity; and peer re of diverse species in the genus, substance; just 8 many Jatholis & effirm, that diverse relations of fie samo svecies in the venus, relation, sre things enily not distinet from the fundements distinet in svecies;? for that reason whiten NESS,: COLaF, PLpeKnes ‘Sy meetness,and such quantities are dietingyi shed in pecies s;and yet ‘all similitudes,which are ot things ipeAly @ietinet from thes 22 qualities, excert mind, 4 & contained under one species in the genus, relation; 9 it is possible to be true of longitudes wh ot things aifferent from substance and qualitv,a ‘ hey” ere conteined under one sveties in the genus, uantity. Horever,it must be percaaved that such distine peciesynot subotdinately placed, are never predicated sf sone thing or of 4 pronoun indicating a thing ex- re in quid et per se in the first mode,and through As statenentymany passages of the philosophers ean sLained which seem to be contrary to the srevious atements, jvst as was shovn els sewheree Chapter XXXTX.

Soneerning A a diverse mode of vredicst ing quantity, petwtine. the tenth efifiment stated above / in. cha voter ae fter these statements i ey ere inst be 2 discussion he icity 3 exis be pe seyand in “another plae holds that vood per se is white since it moreover de conbingenty white,yvyet as much 4s suffices for a redicatedé does not connote or signify somene,»but that something similer is sonnoted or denoted ‘be understood through the subject;and indeed when , culled per sé. And in taking per se thus,alvays for this, that the proposition is per sé,it is required ane. PEenees ion gan not be false with the con- pency of the subjects that is,if "heing" is declared xist relative to a subject significatively assumed; as it is possible for this proposition to be In like wanner it follovs; i aE 8 mane destherefore Sortes is a men. Likovise it follovs, ie,thevefore wen is en animal. And ta tering per eause this predicates anentny denotes t+nat vert. of. 2 me exists outside of part. Rut no such thing cones one ee understand that 2 +, ie separate from a dust. as vots Pees cabo, aan tiny oes And. om this neon thts peor oosition wpe ce,quantity is 4 quantum, weoslity ide. 4 quantum, sub- CH aquantun, man is. a . for this vro~ eition to be: Lolita yan a Pebpmed thie Bhai ach is 1d preserve “the substance of cont in the ies of preed in. the sane mode in which. He, preserves body of, crriet present Loeally and oivouneeriptive ely Hihsolute pocident existing in man; sure e ana thic icaiis Sinelnnee te: a Quentin through: aecidents Llarlysquelity is | a quantun throug gh Saale | thie proposition is. per se, quentity isa quantinas comico. this ‘propositions Longitude is 8 qirantun, Of other propocitions. For it is Auapos eeivie | is proposition to be trite, longitude is,though this.

aang is; Palees Longitude is a quantum; and Likerise tion is falee im stibetence and quelity,vhi ich f concede. é | S ples even supposing that subs stance as vell ity. exicts. an the. nature of things;iust es or now uugh ‘this propos ‘ition is in a sense ng having part separate frou part is substance — pact is eubetence or quality.

exist witnoist the other sbut quantity M Rot ee me tr eile bib dictinet, one of ‘anion ean exist snother, Sut Ga God. ean. ex cist, though he wha makes rositions are ie makes hapy makes happy are there is a ee ee | ‘Gad ‘ mee A tteero of speech in such @ mode of argu- Boe sneer end I have spoken Glsevrhere ss on for the sake Hor aiverse ee ean. Eee . subjectively in @ subctancey cinee tro bodies gar not naturally ex ist together; and the last ods icunaisial se quantitics can exist subjectave- 7 re a. Sena, pee. ean not exist to-~ , Thererores it must be er thet noay is teken in e two-fold # ensée In ne nodes an individned exis ing per eo 437.

stensoy7iich » vas not ereated to be part or another L wore “univers allys aifirn the i the peeviously a eae seys sp saioonabil hat body only ‘© netter nor ghee areas eano and have been created to inform one: 2 subjects to exist here ‘And indeed it is not impossible for many longitudes and many soliditice to exist together; however: it: ds inpossible through nature for iwany ities, ynich can naturally. exist together although ere: not. parts” of anything nor in others as though eotes tovexict together;such soliditios are not ynalities, becavce no. quality ean exis st por te oveated virtues although i. can by divine virtues hea tye ¢ roatee oon not darapada togethers th at. ie eryenicn « can natures ig subsist e,they alohe vefuse,so that ee not ay together,and they umtnally « expell each other a pladeyit they are left to themselves, although dimensions at. al, can exist tog ether through divine bia at is. not imposes ple for the remaining etonsyrhioh Wore crested. LO: inform a. ‘substance or dich one: was aveated to inform atatuensto exist toa4 end T nave, never read the oppos ite in PORE, con t th net substange ani quality io not have © some mediating thing ‘qnelity;from which it appoare that for thie aA a ‘ag: Mate ie eacenced. e eufficient that it have > parts really dictinets ea, to ‘be locally, — an. netive sauce ean effec otually produce thos syani time cause sae in the 1 SAND gondition;which is also rmied ‘frou ‘this s statenent, thet the verte of the ase are naturally producei in digrinet places epee they are formed by some absolute that pave “tones pe body. existing some body pet it you sr tk Js rough a very . experience that a g atfirmed q qua sate existing. per enxdiect in. which it.nove er a miler imag DAES OR He common course of netute mey opand trig net We. mey merit a new quantity ona suck tke, and On nds sat Scotus” in Rook TV.) Distine tion XtTe) Question, VIes Ws: ana indeed +t gan be § affirme ad with equal - ity of: all these things ¢ thet God has ordeined sli things appearing to the senses hich are gone h reference hae the host when not subearateay dre ea mith reference to eS when coneratede ndeced those ‘things, which cen 1 not be | engeda to do inmedlately iaents vakin tothersaitnonen they ao- ndt éxict subje: sdstbiant ins nincanon | is one the evbiect of another, beeau use: sdine vearieienins;; out | out that es: be ac complished by divine Fe ust as certain weiters say a et of the Sak tej oan te vrougnt by ‘maint ain vith respect to the virtuc ae “and ngs;"hich are apparent to is 4 ffiriaed ally preservedssinee it roved Doctors, that tastes of by ‘qualities such a character are eube;although follovingsthe aneie ; ae;. 4 ee x eed Ae ES:: bahegee | » Becomplicshed by “treated virtne;nor ‘ore ought to he eondemned be= “thet wniion anh not be acapter XLT.

a eernink the ‘solution of certain arguments eontrary to the previous statements.

sontrery to the vreviously mentioned opinion, in tion to theee argimonts ertain ones are ndandedp has T have understood Lherty T nom “wish to eevien™ herd T intend to cuvine and ansver more mare sleerly, if they “‘pecone more fuliv i ine. But gertain writers srgue efter this if nome ewhetance ani come quentity ere really oo ohne anentity A dsehadindraver that srbetance e sirhatanse ghrist is in the saerement’ of the altars t totte thet the quentity of the body of chri RETR ad haprdtns toathe previous on 6 substance of the hody of onrist and the quantity the body of ynrist are really the game; therefore, seterajand sonsequerntiy just as the substance of vody of christ is “in the sacrament of the altar the quantity, of the ROOM: of Shrist vould be in sacrament of the altars this manner: saws some + ere 1 cusahai stem anion & to i 3 i or cols paves je SecA heli ochencs vody-of christ. As: in the sacrainent OF Be diten a having part separate frou partymnich 4 ta penett al.

c aleaek Abie ae of n vardons: a without prejudlee, In one Es ie tho Proposition. is asciwaed,n vythis oroscet ct ti orestimes of ohatover kind there is substandes. end amentitys ts. falcoe ae souding to the virtue Lmmguage pecause of a false. inplication, Por in Lies tet ae > ove some tenants yet ee tebe thie e things are thrist ee Ce ate from part ou.. the b Re ‘fpom part,and 6 alter the nook agile OR WE rs ea ig - oe are teally ‘the eeinesand Movirhenever ‘some things | in a’ place, eubetange of the body of christ snk some quent ity really the game,and some: substance in the sag raaent the alter is a quantity;vherefore, I sgato thats beh, this proposition is true, the quantity | of the y of christ is in the seorenent of the altar;thic oeition is: however fals 30, the eubs tenes of the body christ in the sacrament of the alter is & quantity;. + acyelthough this proposition is true,the body heist having part separate frou part. ie in the eranent of the’ altar, and yet this pro oposition is us oy the body of Christ in the sacrament of the alta 1 thing having nart separate frou parte In like ner this proposition te ‘true, some aubstanee is ined in a places aut perhare it is affirmed, that srr» existence in a plagosana eoneretes are of fore, although such & method , a in taking it under eouabetions: is valia in taking it under eabstracts;because such ositions are feases the body or chris st and ‘the poay > from part are reaily r Ohrist and a Stee cae aban if OP, quantum ¢ or “4 ‘Talis in mneveforey it “ ene een wr se stetinguishod feo the Peer ae oredicaments, = on “elas nt: AN place and ‘the + “whieh is A - rae eis woutty’ the eame as sreforey giremserited in 4 tlnaee ict are feoally the sale. And in sosition can ne nraree, gueh propositions are true,no isatter hor % may introduce ‘another deg, Seis ic not 3 t hi Ss hovever,s come a tice ae he’ substance of the body of | christ an the Se aieraent ne altar; and this “proposition is. false, this suh— oo thts = pnt is fenees the sub= ament. oF the. miter by the novrer of sonvercion; and a this provosition 1: felee,sthe substance of the > onrdet nas. part prearate from part in the nent of the alter.and so.it.is clear that that nt is not valid; ust as it does not follow, that things ore veslly the sane, vherever sane one of reeset of theme Bome avantun and the er and the ewmbstense he ) body oF Christ in the in, gonerete ant Suk euee terme are. noté thes un disinot more conerete than vent according to signification; figure of diotion. tr eorte sin propos citions are ted as tress: ponelnsion can evidently he deduced ~ x Ary to tiie ‘opinion, Therofores sr ace te apr pe oh mere ;therefore, a &.. different thing, distinct from the of dheist, wherever i. substance of ‘the sbody. or hes, quantitysa ‘avantum is truly data la ish the “yhrist in the: sacrament of the alter has