政治经济学和税收原理
- 语言:
- 英语
- 状态:
- 完整作品
- 作者归属:
- 作者本人所著
- 文本状况:
- 含扫描错误 (对全文的自动评估，未经人工核对) · 1 段无法辨读，已从回答中排除
- 篇幅:
- 约 140,000 词 · 642 个段落
引用本作品
- APA大卫·李嘉图. (n.d.). On the Principles of Political Economy and Taxation [政治经济学和税收原理]. Digital reproduction: SigPhi. https://sigphiai.com/zh/works/david-ricardo/on-the-principles-of-political-economy-and-taxation
- MLA大卫·李嘉图. On the Principles of Political Economy and Taxation [政治经济学和税收原理]. Digital reproduction, SigPhi, https://sigphiai.com/zh/works/david-ricardo/on-the-principles-of-political-economy-and-taxation.
- Chicago大卫·李嘉图. On the Principles of Political Economy and Taxation [政治经济学和税收原理]. Digital reproduction, SigPhi. https://sigphiai.com/zh/works/david-ricardo/on-the-principles-of-political-economy-and-taxation.
这是 SigPhi 所复制版本的引用：SigPhi 是其数字复制品，不是出版者。元数据中没有版本年份（因此写作“n.d.”），译者只有在有记录时才列出。
内容简介
一八一七年之作。正是它给了政治经济学以演绎的形态：抽象的模型、很少的变量、严密的结论。
背景与流传
其中有三样东西流传了下来。第一是地租论：仍值得耕作的最劣等土地决定价格，而较好土地在此之上的产出便归地主，尽管他什么也没做。第二是比较优势——一个反直觉而至今有效的论证：即便一国生产样样都强，两国通商仍然互利。第三是劳动价值论，李嘉图只解决了一半，而马克思从另一面接了过去。真正在后世经济学上留下印记的，与其说是他的结论，不如说是他推理的方式；所谓“李嘉图恶习”——不看世界，只从模型推出关于世界的结论——正源自他的榜样。
这是编辑性背景，不是可引用的来源：与作品本身的段落不同，这些说明无法在语料库中核对。
If we suppose the occupations of the society extended, that some provide canoes and tackle necessary for fishing, others the seed and rude machinery first used in agriculture, still the same principle would hold true, that the exchangeable value of the commodities produced would be in proportion to the labour bestowed on their production; not on their immediate production only, but on all those implements or machines required to give effect to the particular labour to which they were applied. If we look to a state of society in which greater improvements have been made, and in which arts and commerce flourish, we shall still find that commodities vary in value conformably with this principle: in estimating the exchangeable value of stockings, for example, we shall find that their value, comparatively with other things, depends on the total quantity of labour necessary to manufacture them, and bring them to market. First, there is the labour necessary to cultivate the land on which the raw cotton is grown; secondly, the labour of conveying the cotton to the country where the stockings are to be manufactured, which includes a portion of the labour bestowed in building the ship in which it is conveyed, and which is charged in the freight of the goods; thirdly, the labour of the spinner and weaver; fourthly, a portion of the labour of the engineer, smith, and carpenter, who erected the buildings and machinery, by the help of which they are made; fifthly, the labour of the retail dealer, and of many others, whom it is unnecessary further to particularize. The aggregate sum of these various kinds of labour, determines the quantity of other things for which these stockings will exchange, while the same consideration of the various quantities of labour which have been bestowed on those other things, will equally govern the portion of them which will be given for the stockings.