列宁——从左派和右派批判康德主义（1908）

came out as irreconcilable enemies of Soviet power and took an active part in all the armed actions of the counter-revolutionaries and the campaigns of the interventionists. After the rout of the interventionists and white-guards the Cadets became émigrés but did not cease their anti-Soviet counter-revolutionary activity. [5] This refers to the opportunist trend that developed within the German Social-Democratic Party in the second half of the seventies of the nineteenth century. Its chief ideologists were Karl Höchberg, Eduard Bernstein and Karl August Schramm, who were influenced by Duhringism. Bernstein and Louis Viereck, along with Johann Most and others, actively helped to spread the eclectic views of Eugen Duhring among the German Social-Democrats. Höchberg, who, as Marx expressed it, had “bought” his way into the Party by his money, demanded that socialism should be made a movement of “humanity in general” based on the “sense of justice” of both the oppressed and the representatives of the “upper classes”. In Berlin, Viereck took the initiative in forming the Mauritanian Club, in which Dürhringism prevailed and which set itself the task of bringing “educated people” to “socialism” and achieving class collaboration between the workers and the bourgeoisie. After the promulgation of the Anti-Socialist Law in Germany (1878), the leaders of the Mauritanian Club migrated to Zurich where they continued their efforts to win over the bourgeoisie to “socialism”. The opportunist, anti-Marxist character of Höchberg’s group was clearly shown in regard to the founding in Zurich of a central organ of the German Social-Democratic Party. fl6chberg and his co-thinkers considered that the newspaper should not carry out the revolutionary policy of the Party but should limit itself to the abstract preaching of socialist ideals.…