Ethik — Teil 1
- Sprache:
- Englisch
- Status:
- Vollständiges Werk
- Autorschaft:
- Vom Autor verfasst
- Zustand des Textes:
- Sauberer Text
- Umfang:
- ~14.500 Wörter · 69 Passagen
Dieses Werk zitieren
- APABaruch Spinoza. (n.d.). Ethik — Teil 1. SigPhi. https://sigphiai.com/de/works/baruch-spinoza/ethics-part-1
- MLABaruch Spinoza. "Ethik — Teil 1." SigPhi, https://sigphiai.com/de/works/baruch-spinoza/ethics-part-1.
- ChicagoBaruch Spinoza. Ethik — Teil 1. SigPhi. https://sigphiai.com/de/works/baruch-spinoza/ethics-part-1.
Wovon es handelt
Ein vollständiges System — Gott, der Geist, die Affekte, die Freiheit — bewiesen wie Geometrie: Definitionen, Axiome und Lehrsätze, die in dem Gedanken gipfeln, dass Freiheit heißt, die Notwendigkeit zu verstehen.
Kontext und Geschichte
Spinoza vollendete die Ethik um 1675 und verzichtete darauf, sie zu Lebzeiten zu veröffentlichen: Der Skandal seines 'Deus sive Natura' — Gott und Natur als ein und dasselbe — hätte ihn begraben. Sie erschien 1677, Monate nach seinem Tod, in den Opera Posthuma und wurde fast sofort verboten. Ihr Autor hatte in Den Haag vom Linsenschleifen gelebt, mit dreiundzwanzig aus der jüdischen Gemeinde Amsterdams ausgestoßen, mit einem nie widerrufenen Bann. Ein Jahrhundert lang war «Spinozist» ein Schimpfwort; danach, für den deutschen Idealismus und viele mehr, der Berg, an dem sich jede Philosophie messen muss.
Redaktioneller Kontext, keine zitierfähige Quelle: anders als die Passagen des Werks lassen sich diese Angaben nicht am Korpus überprüfen.
I. By that which is 'self-caused' I mean that of which the essence involves existence, or that of which the nature is only conceivable as existent. II. A thing is called 'finite after its kind' when it can be limited by another thing of the same nature; for instance, a body is called finite because we always conceive another greater body. So, also, a thought is limited by another thought, but a body is not limited by thought, nor a thought by body. III. By 'substance' I mean that which is in itself, and is conceived through itself: in other words, that of which a conception can be formed independently of any other conception. IV. By 'attribute' I mean that which the intellect perceives as constituting the essence of substance. V. By 'mode' I mean the modifications ("affectiones") of substance, or that which exists in, and is conceived through, something other than itself. VI. By 'God' I mean a being absolutely infinite--that is, a substance consisting in infinite attributes, of which each expresses eternal and infinite essentiality. >>>>>Explanation--I say absolutely infinite, not infinite after its kind: for, of a thing infinite only after its kind, infinite attributes may be denied; but that which is absolutely infinite, contains in its essence whatever expresses reality, and involves no negation. VII. That thing is called 'free,' which exists solely by the necessity of its own nature, and of which the action is determined by itself alone. On the other hand, that thing is necessary, or rather constrained, which is determined by something external to itself to a fixed and definite method of existence or action. VIII. By 'eternity' I mean existence itself, in so far as it is conceived necessarily to follow solely from the definition of that which is eternal.…