L'individu, la société et l'État
- Langue:
- anglais
- État:
- Œuvre complète
- Paternité:
- Écrite par l'auteur
- État du texte:
- Aucun bruit de numérisation détecté (mesure automatique sur tout le texte, non vérifiée à la main)
- Étendue:
- ~5 470 mots · 26 passages
Citer cette œuvre
- APAEmma Goldman. (n.d.). The Individual, Society and the State [L'individu, la société et l'État]. Digital reproduction: SigPhi. https://sigphiai.com/fr/works/emma-goldman/the-individual-society-and-the-state
- MLAEmma Goldman. The Individual, Society and the State [L'individu, la société et l'État]. Digital reproduction, SigPhi, https://sigphiai.com/fr/works/emma-goldman/the-individual-society-and-the-state.
- ChicagoEmma Goldman. The Individual, Society and the State [L'individu, la société et l'État]. Digital reproduction, SigPhi. https://sigphiai.com/fr/works/emma-goldman/the-individual-society-and-the-state.
Référence de l'édition que reproduit SigPhi : SigPhi en est la reproduction numérique, pas l'éditeur. L'année de l'édition ne figure pas dans les métadonnées (d'où « n.d. ») et le traducteur n'apparaît que lorsqu'il est connu.
De quoi il s'agit
L'essai tardif où Goldman résume sa philosophie politique : l'individu comme mesure, l'État comme menace, la société comme tissu.
Contexte et histoire
Des années 1930, après qu'elle eut vu le fascisme et le stalinisme, et donc plus nuancé que les textes de jeunesse : c'est la distinction entre société et État qui porte tout. Ceci est un article court, non un livre : sa taille au catalogue n'est pas un défaut de la copie. Une bonne part de l'œuvre de Goldman a pris cette forme, dans sa revue Mother Earth et dans des brochures.
Contexte éditorial, non une source citable : contrairement aux passages de l'œuvre, ces données ne peuvent pas être vérifiées dans le corpus.
Peter Kropotkin has shown what wonderful results this unique force of man’s individuality has achieved when strengthened by co-operation with other individualities. The one-sided and entirely inadequate Darwinian theory of the struggle for existence received its biological and sociological completion from the great Anarchist scientist and thinker. In his profound work, Mutual Aid Kropotkin shows that in the animal kingdom, as well as in human society, co-operation - as opposed to internecine strife and struggle - has worked for the survival and evolution of the species. He demonstrated that only mutual aid and voluntary co-operation - not the omnipotent, all-devastating State - can create the basis for a free individual and associational life. At present the individual is the pawn of the zealots of dictatorship and the equally obsessed zealots of “rugged individualism.” The excuse of the former is its claim of a new objective. The latter does not even make a pretense of anything new. As a matter of fact “rugged individualism” has learned nothing and forgotten nothing. Under its guidance the brute struggle for physical existence is still kept up. Strange as it may seem, and utterly absurd as it is, the struggle for physical survival goes merrily on though the necessity for it has entirely disappeared. Indeed, the struggle is being continued apparently because there is no necessity for it. Does not so-called overproduction prove it? Is not the world-wide economic crisis an eloquent demonstration that the struggle for existence is being maintained by the blindness of “rugged individualism” at the risk of its own destruction? One of the insane characteristics of this struggle is the complete negation of the relation of the producer to the things he produces. The average worker has no inner point of contact with the industry he is employed in, and he is a stranger to the process of production of which he is a mechanical part.…