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Creative Evolution

हेनरी बर्गसन

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इस कृति का हवाला दें
  • APAहेनरी बर्गसन. (n.d.). Creative Evolution. Digital reproduction: SigPhi. https://sigphiai.com/hi/works/henri-bergson/creative-evolution
  • MLAहेनरी बर्गसन. Creative Evolution. Digital reproduction, SigPhi, https://sigphiai.com/hi/works/henri-bergson/creative-evolution.
  • Chicagoहेनरी बर्गसन. Creative Evolution. Digital reproduction, SigPhi. https://sigphiai.com/hi/works/henri-bergson/creative-evolution.

यह उस संस्करण का संदर्भ है जिसे SigPhi पुनः प्रस्तुत करता है: SigPhi उसकी डिजिटल प्रति है, प्रकाशक नहीं। संस्करण का वर्ष मेटाडेटा में नहीं है (इसलिए «n.d.»), और अनुवादक तभी दिखाया जाता है जब वह दर्ज हो।

यह किस बारे में है

बर्गसों का प्रस्ताव कि विकास की व्याख्या न संयोग से होती है, न किसी पूर्वनिर्धारित योजना से, बल्कि एक आवेग से — 'जीवन-वेग' — जो रास्ते आज़माता है और अलग-अलग दिशाओं में बँट जाता है।

संदर्भ और इतिहास

1907 में प्रकाशित, इस पुस्तक ने दर्शन के बाहर विशाल सफलता पाई और उन्हें प्रसिद्ध व्यक्ति बना दिया; 1927 में उन्हें साहित्य का नोबेल मिला। जो हिस्सा सबसे अच्छी तरह टिका वह 'जीवन-वेग' नहीं — जीव-विज्ञान ने उसे कभी स्वीकार नहीं किया — बल्कि यह आलोचना है कि बुद्धि 'समय' को कैसे गढ़ती है: बर्गसों का तर्क है कि विचार, जो कर्म के लिए बना है, अवधि को निश्चल क्षणों की शृंखला में बदल देता है, और इसीलिए जो बदल रहा है उसे सोच नहीं पाता।

यह संपादकीय संदर्भ है, उद्धरण-योग्य स्रोत नहीं: कृति के अंशों के विपरीत, इन कथनों की जाँच कॉर्पस में नहीं की जा सकती।

शुरुआत
From this survival of the past it follows that consciousness cannot go through the same state twice. The circumstances may still be the same, but they will act no longer on the same person, since they find him at a new moment of his history. Our personality, which is being built up each instant with its accumulated experience, changes without ceasing. By changing, it prevents any state, although superficially identical with another, from ever repeating it in its very depth. That is why our duration is irreversible. We could not live over again a single moment, for we should have to begin by effacing the memory of all that had followed. Even could we erase this memory from our intellect, we could not from our will. Thus our personality shoots, grows and ripens without ceasing. Each of its moments is something new added to what was before. We may go further: it is not only something new, but something unforeseeable. Doubtless, my present state is explained by what was in me and by what was acting on me a moment ago. In analyzing it I should find no other elements. But even a superhuman intelligence would not have been able to foresee the simple indivisible form which gives to these purely abstract elements their concrete organization. For to foresee consists of projecting into the future what has been perceived in the past, or of imagining for a later time a new grouping, in a new order, of elements already perceived. But that which has never been perceived, and which is at the same time simple, is necessarily unforeseeable. Now such is the case with each of our states, regarded as a moment in a history that is gradually unfolding: it is simple, and it cannot have been already perceived, since it concentrates in its indivisibility all that has been perceived and what the present is adding to it besides. It is an original moment of a no less original history.

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