自然学 (II)

アリストテレス

言語:

英語

状態:

Complete work

著者性:

Written by the author

ARISTOTLE’S PHYSICS BOOK V CHAPTER I ARGUMENT (continued) wards. We have already examined the nature af ἡ move- ment’ (in its extended sense, including ‘ modification’ and ‘expansion or contraction’) and have now to note that ὁ shape’ and “‘ state’ and ‘ place’ are the ‘ whence’ and ‘whither’ of change, but are immovable in themselves It is important, however, to note that these immovable points of starting and arriving are just as subject to the distinctions of ‘incidental,’ ‘in virtue of a part,’ and ‘primary and integral,’ as the movements are (Ὁ 16-22). Summary (Ὁ 22-26). Dismissing the indeterminate incidental cases and con- fining ourselves to proper and primary ὁ changes,’ we note that they ‘reside solely in the primary and integral subject that experiences the change, and must be in the direction From one opposite to the other, both opposites being declared in positive (not negative) terms (Ὁ 26-35). This last point must be elaborated. To speak of the ‘ nat- hot’ as the primary and integral ἡ subject’ that undergoes the change would be idle. For ‘ knowledge,’ or ‘ sound’ or ‘angularity’ are ‘not-hot’; and though “ not-hotness’ may incidentally undergo change when any of these things Ἷ ARISTOTLE ARGUMENT (contenued) Ἷ ARISTOTLE ARGUMENT (contenued) do, it cannot be the proper and integral subject of the change. Taking the“ subject,’ then, to be a positive and not a negative, though the predicate may be a negative, we seem to have three possibilities. The change (for instance) might be from ‘ hot to cold,’ from ‘ hot to not-hot,’ or from ‘ not-hot to hot,’ or JSrom ‘ not-hot to not-cold.’ Obviously the last of these falls out, for it would include such changes as that from ‘ treble to triangular ’ (Ὁ 35-225 a 12). The forms from * hot to not-hot ’ and its inverse are signi- ficant if the negation in one term is specific, and is confined to what is posited by the other term, and if the subject is potentially capable of renouncing or acquiring (as

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