道徳と風俗の観察法
- 言語:
- 英語
- 状態:
- 完全な作品
- 著者性:
- 著者自身による
- テキストの状態:
- スキャンのノイズは検出されていません (全文に対する自動測定で、人の目では確認していません)
- 分量:
- 約 70,300 語 · 334 節
この作品を引用
- APAハリエット・マーティノー. (n.d.). How to Observe Morals and Manners [道徳と風俗の観察法]. Digital reproduction: SigPhi. https://sigphiai.com/ja/works/harriet-martineau/how-to-observe-morals-and-manners
- MLAハリエット・マーティノー. How to Observe Morals and Manners [道徳と風俗の観察法]. Digital reproduction, SigPhi, https://sigphiai.com/ja/works/harriet-martineau/how-to-observe-morals-and-manners.
- Chicagoハリエット・マーティノー. How to Observe Morals and Manners [道徳と風俗の観察法]. Digital reproduction, SigPhi. https://sigphiai.com/ja/works/harriet-martineau/how-to-observe-morals-and-manners.
SigPhi が再現している版の参照です。SigPhi はそのデジタル再現であり、出版者ではありません。版の刊行年はメタデータにないため「n.d.」とし、訳者は記録がある場合のみ記します。
何についての本か
『道徳と作法をどう観察するか』（一八三八年）。自分のものではない社会を、自分を欺かずに研究するには。
背景と歴史
これまでに書かれた最初の社会学的方法の手引きであり、しかも社会学という名がまだ存在しない時期に書かれている。マルティノーは観察者の偏りに注意を促し、人が何をすると言うかではなく実際に何をするかを見よと言う。それが常識になる二百年前のことである。
これは編集上の背景であり、引用できる典拠ではありません。作品本文の一節とは異なり、これらの記述はコーパスで検証できません。
What does the traveller want to know? He is aware that, wherever he goes, he will find men, women, and children; strong men and weak men; just men and selfish men. He knows that he will everywhere find a necessity for food, clothing, and shelter; and everywhere some mode of general agreement how to live together. He knows that he will everywhere find birth, marriage, and death; and therefore domestic affections. What results from all these elements of social life does he mean to look for? For want of settling this question, one traveller sees nothing truly, because the state of things is not consistent with his speculations as to how human beings ought to live together; another views the whole with prejudice, because it is not like what he has been accustomed to see at home; yet each of these would shrink from the recognition of his folly, if it were fully placed before him. The first would be ashamed of having tried any existing community by an arbitrary standard of his own--an act much like going forth into the wilderness to see kings' houses full of men in soft raiment; and the other would perceive that different nations may go on judging one another by themselves till doomsday, without in any way improving the chance of self-advancement and mutual understanding. Going out with the disadvantage of a habit of mind uncounteracted by an intellectual aim, will never do. The traveller may as well stay at home, for anything he will gain in the way of social knowledge. The two considerations just mentioned must be subordinated to the grand one,--the only general one,--of the relative amount of human happiness. Every element of social life derives its importance from this great consideration. The external conveniences of men, their internal emotions and affections, their social arrangements, graduate in importance precisely in proportion as they affect the general happiness of the section of the race among whom they exist.…