モラリア
- 言語:
- 英語
- 状態:
- 完全な作品
- 著者性:
- 帰属（著者は議論あり）
- テキストの状態:
- スキャン誤りあり (全文に対する自動測定で、人の目では確認していません) · 判読できない箇所 6 件は回答から除外しています
- 分量:
- 約 160,000 語 · 782 節
この作品を引用
- APAプルタルコス. (n.d.). Plutarch's Morals [モラリア]. Digital reproduction: SigPhi. https://sigphiai.com/ja/works/plutarch/plutarch-s-morals
- MLAプルタルコス. Plutarch's Morals [モラリア]. Digital reproduction, SigPhi, https://sigphiai.com/ja/works/plutarch/plutarch-s-morals.
- Chicagoプルタルコス. Plutarch's Morals [モラリア]. Digital reproduction, SigPhi. https://sigphiai.com/ja/works/plutarch/plutarch-s-morals.
収録版の書誌情報です。SigPhi はデジタル複製です。判明している刊行年・出版社・翻訳者を記載し、年が不明の場合は「n.d.」と示します。
何についての本か
『モラリア』。プルタルコスの著作のうち伝記でない部分であり、六十篇あまりの論考と対話が、詩人の読み方から神託が黙した理由まで、ほとんど何でも扱う。
背景と歴史
『対比列伝』の釣り合いをとるもう一方であり、その存在を知らない人も多い。プルタルコスはデルフォイの神官であり、プラトン派であり、教養ある人の談話のように書く。友情についての助言、追従者と友とをどう見分けるかの助言、怒りを論じた一篇、心の平静を論じた一篇、子どもの教育をめぐる数章、動物は推論するかという問い、そして『食卓歓談集』——これは文字どおり食後の会話である。モンテーニュは生涯これを読み、『エセー』の語り口の多くをここに負っている。この集成が雑多で出来不出来のあること、またそこに紛れて伝わる論考のいくつかは彼の作でないことは、知っておくとよい。
これは編集上の背景であり、引用できる典拠ではありません。作品本文の一節とは異なり、これらの記述はコーパスで検証できません。
freeborn. For slaves try to shirk and avoid their work, partly because of the pain of blows, partly on account of being reviled. But praise or censure are far more useful than abuse to the freeborn, praise pricking them on to virtue, censure deterring them from vice. But one must censure and praise alternately: when they are too saucy we must censure them and make them ashamed of themselves, and again encourage them by praise, and imitate those nurses who, when their children sob, give them the breast to comfort them. But we must not puff them up and make them conceited with excessive praise, for that will make them vain and give themselves airs. § XIII. And I have ere now seen some fathers, whose excessive love for their children has turned into hatred. My meaning I will endeavour to make clearer by illustration. While they are in too great a hurry to make their sons take the lead in everything, they lay too much work upon them, so that they faint under their tasks, and, being overburdened, are disinclined for learning. For just as plants grow with moderate rain, but are done for by too much rain, so the mind enlarges by a proper amount of work, but by too much is unhinged. We must therefore give our boys remission from continuous labour, bearing in mind that all our life is divided into labour and rest; thus we find not only wakefulness but sleep, not only war but peace, not only foul weather but fine also, not only working days but also festivals. And, to speak concisely, rest is the sauce of labour. And we can see this not only in the case of animate, but even inanimate things, for we make bows and lyres slack that we may be able to stretch them. And generally the body is preserved by repletion and evacuation, and the soul by rest and work. We ought also to censure some fathers who, after entrusting their sons to tutors and preceptors, neither see nor hear how the teaching is done. This is a great mistake.…