SigPhiSigPhi

论记忆与回忆

亚里士多德

语言:
英语
状态:
完整作品
作者归属:
作者本人所著
文本状况:
未检测到扫描噪点 (对全文的自动评估,未经人工核对)
篇幅:
约 6,110 词 · 29 个段落
引用本作品
  • APA亚里士多德. (n.d.). On Memory and Reminiscence [论记忆与回忆]. Digital reproduction: SigPhi. https://sigphiai.com/zh/works/aristotle/on-memory-and-reminiscence
  • MLA亚里士多德. On Memory and Reminiscence [论记忆与回忆]. Digital reproduction, SigPhi, https://sigphiai.com/zh/works/aristotle/on-memory-and-reminiscence.
  • Chicago亚里士多德. On Memory and Reminiscence [论记忆与回忆]. Digital reproduction, SigPhi. https://sigphiai.com/zh/works/aristotle/on-memory-and-reminiscence.

这是 SigPhi 所复制版本的引用:SigPhi 是其数字复制品,不是出版者。元数据中没有版本年份(因此写作“n.d.”),译者只有在有记录时才列出。

内容简介

过去的影像如何被存住,又靠什么再被找回。亚里士多德区分记忆——即持有影像——与回想,即去把它找出来。

背景与流传

这是第一篇把记忆当作技术问题而非天赋来处理的文字,而记忆与回想之分是此后一切相关心理学的底子。文中还有联想律——相似、相反、接近——两千年后休谟又把它接了过去。 属于《自然诸短篇》(Parva naturalia),即承接《论灵魂》、把其理论用到生命体各别现象上的八篇短著。它们一向作为一组流传,合起来读最好。

这是编辑性背景,不是可引用的来源:与作品本身的段落不同,这些说明无法在语料库中核对。

开篇
But the point of capital importance is that (for the purpose of recollection) one should cognize, determinately or indeterminately, the time-relation (of that which he wishes to recollect). There is,-let it be taken as a fact,-something by which one distinguishes a greater and a smaller time; and it is reasonable to think that one does this in a way analogous to that in which one discerns (spacial) magnitudes. For it is not by the mind's reaching out towards them, as some say a visual ray from the eye does (in seeing), that one thinks of large things at a distance in space (for even if they are not there, one may similarly think them); but one does so by a proportionate mental movement. For there are in the mind the like figures and movements (i.e. 'like' to those of objects and events). Therefore, when one thinks the greater objects, in what will his thinking those differ from his thinking the smaller? (In nothing,) because all the internal though smaller are as it were proportional to the external. Now, as we may assume within a person something proportional to the forms (of distant magnitudes), so, too, we may doubtless assume also something else proportional to their distances. As, therefore, if one has (psychically) the movement in AB, Be, he constructs in thought (i.e. knows objectively) GD, since AG and Gd bear equal ratios respectively (to AB and BE), (so he who recollects also proceeds). Why then does he construct GD rather than Zh? Is it not because as AG is to AB,

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