鲍德温词典对「实用的」（1）与「实用主义」（2）的定义

Peirce later called some of his own remarks here "mistaken". See Discussion page. Authors' contributions indicated as in original by initials: 1 paragraph (J.S.) Professor James , Edinburgh University. 3 short paragraphs || (C.S.P.) Dr. C. S. , Milford, Pike Co., Pennsylvania. 1 paragraph || (W.J.) Professor William , Harvard University. 2 long paragraphs || (C.S.P.) Dr. C. S. , Milford, Pike Co., Pennsylvania. 3 paragraphs || (J.M.B.) The Editor. Professor James Mark , Princeton University. Dictionary of Philosophy and Psychology, Volume 2 (Le–Z) Pragmatic (1) and (2) Pragmatism [Gr. πραγματικός, versed in affairs]: Ger. pragmatisch, Pragmatismus; Fr. pragmatique, pragmatisme; Ital. prammatico, prammatismo. (1) This term is applied by Kant to the species of hypothetical imperative which he otherwise denominates counsel of prudence, and characterizes as assertorial, those, namely, which prescribe the means necessary to the attainment of happiness, an end which we may postulate for all sentient beings (Grundlegund z. Met. d. Sitten, ed. Rosenkranz, 42; Eng. trans., Abbott, 34). (J.S.) Pragmatic anthropology, according to Kant, is practical ethics. Pragmatic horizon is the adaptation of our general knowledge to influencing our morals. (2) The opinion that metaphysics is to be largely cleared up by the application of the following maxim for attaining clearness of apprehension: 'Consider what effects, that might conceivably have practical bearings, we conceive the object of our conception have. Then, our conception of these effects is the whole of our conception of the object.' (C.S.P.…