Lectures on Justice, Police, Revenue and Arms
- Langue:
- anglais
- État:
- Œuvre complète
- Paternité:
- Recueillie ou compilée par d'autres
- État du texte:
- Texte propre
- Étendue:
- ~120 000 mots · 570 passages
Citer cette œuvre
- APAAdam Smith. (n.d.). Lectures on Justice, Police, Revenue and Arms. SigPhi. https://sigphiai.com/fr/works/adam-smith/lectures-on-justice-police-revenue-and-arms
- MLAAdam Smith. "Lectures on Justice, Police, Revenue and Arms." SigPhi, https://sigphiai.com/fr/works/adam-smith/lectures-on-justice-police-revenue-and-arms.
- ChicagoAdam Smith. Lectures on Justice, Police, Revenue and Arms. SigPhi. https://sigphiai.com/fr/works/adam-smith/lectures-on-justice-police-revenue-and-arms.
De quoi il s'agit
Les leçons que Smith donna à Glasgow vers 1763, reconstituées d'après les notes d'un étudiant et découvertes en 1895 : le pont entre ses deux livres.
Contexte et histoire
Smith n'a pas écrit cela. C'est la copie au net d'un élève, retrouvée plus d'un siècle après sa mort, et il faut la citer pour ce qu'elle est : un témoignage de seconde main sur ce qu'il disait en classe. Cela dit, sa valeur est grande, car on y trouve sa théorie du droit et du gouvernement, qu'il ne publia jamais et qu'il fit brûler avec ses papiers. Les quatre parties — justice, police, revenus, armes — couvrent la propriété, le contrat, la famille, la sûreté publique, les impôts et l'armée ; et dans la partie sur la « police », qui signifiait alors l'administration de l'approvisionnement, une bonne part de « La Richesse des nations » est déjà esquissée, treize ans avant qu'elle ne paraisse.
Contexte éditorial, non une source citable : contrairement aux passages de l'œuvre, ces données ne peuvent pas être vérifiées dans le corpus.
JURISPRUDENCE is that science which inquires into the general principles which ought to be the foundation of the laws of all nations. Grotius seems to have been the first who attempted to give the world anything like a regular system of natural jurisprudence, and his treatise On the Laws of War and Peace, with all its imperfections, is perhaps at this day the most complete work on this subject l. It is a sort of casuistical book for sovereigns and states, determining in what cases war may justly be made and how far it may be carried on. As states have no common sovereign and are with respect to one another in a state of nature, war is their only method of redressing injuries. He determines war to be lawful in every case where the state receives an injury which would be redressed by an equitable civil magistrate 2. This naturally led him to inquire into the constitution of states and the principles of civil laws ; into the rights of sovereigns and subjects ; into the nature of crimes, contracts, property, and whatever else was the object of law, so that the two first books of 1 Moral Sentiments, ad fin. - Lib. ii. cap. i. § 2. 2 JURISPRUDENCE his treatise, which are upon this subject, are a complete system of jurisprudence. The next writer of note after Grotius was Mr. Hobbes. He had conceived an utter abhorrence of the ecclesiastics, and the bigotry of his times gave him occasion to think that the subjection of the consciences of men to ecclesiastic authority was the cause of the dissensions and civil wars that happened in England during the times of Charles I and of Cromwell.…