教育および関連主題に関する試論

ハーバート・スペンサー

言語:

英語

状態:

Complete work

著者性:

Written by the author

_EVERYMAN, I will go with thee, and be thy guide, In thy most need to go by thy side_ HERBERT SPENCER Born at Derby in 1820, the son of a teacher, from whom he received most of his education. Obtained employment on the London and Birmingham Railway. After the strike of 1846 he devoted himself to journalism, and in 1848 was sub-editor of _The Economist_. He died in 1903. HERBERT SPENCER Essays on Education AND KINDRED SUBJECTS INTRODUCTION BY CHARLES W. ELIOT DENT: LONDON EVERYMAN'S LIBRARY DUTTON: NEW YORK _Made in Great Britain at the Aldine Press . Letchworth . Herts for J.M. DENT & SONS LTD Aldine House . Bedford Street . London First published in Everyman's Library 1911 Last reprinted 1963_ NO. _504_ INTRODUCTION The four essays on education which Herbert Spencer published in a single volume in 1861 were all written and separately published between 1854 and 1859. Their tone was aggressive and their proposals revolutionary; although all the doctrines--with one important exception--had already been vigorously preached by earlier writers on education, as Spencer himself was at pains to point out. The doctrine which was comparatively new ran through all four essays; but was most amply stated in the essay first published in 1859 under the title "What Knowledge is of Most Worth?" In this essay Spencer divided the leading kinds of human activity into those which minister to self-preservation, those which secure the necessaries of life, those whose end is the care of offspring, those which make good citizens, and those which prepare adults to enjoy nature, literature, and the fine arts; and he then maintained that in each of these several classes, knowledge of science was worth more than any other knowledge. He argued that everywhere throughout creation faculties are developed through the performance of the appropriate functions; so that it would be contrary to the whole harmony of nature "if one kind of culture were needed for the gaining of information, and

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