社会学の研究
- 言語:
- 英語
- 状態:
- 完全な作品
- 著者性:
- 著者自身による
- テキストの状態:
- スキャンのノイズは検出されていません (全文に対する自動測定で、人の目では確認していません)
- 分量:
- 約 210,000 語 · 980 節
この作品を引用
- APAハーバート・スペンサー. (n.d.). The Study of Sociology [社会学の研究]. Digital reproduction: SigPhi. https://sigphiai.com/ja/works/herbert-spencer/the-study-of-sociology
- MLAハーバート・スペンサー. The Study of Sociology [社会学の研究]. Digital reproduction, SigPhi, https://sigphiai.com/ja/works/herbert-spencer/the-study-of-sociology.
- Chicagoハーバート・スペンサー. The Study of Sociology [社会学の研究]. Digital reproduction, SigPhi. https://sigphiai.com/ja/works/herbert-spencer/the-study-of-sociology.
収録版の書誌情報です。SigPhi はデジタル複製です。判明している刊行年・出版社・翻訳者を記載し、年が不明の場合は「n.d.」と示します。
何についての本か
社会を研究することがなぜ難しいのかを論じた書。難しさは方法にではなく、研究する当人にある。
背景と歴史
一八七三年刊。もっともよく持ちこたえているのは、スペンサーが一つずつ挙げてゆく偏りの一覧である。愛国的な偏り、階級による偏り、政治的な偏り、神学的な偏り、そして事実が自分の育ちを裏づけてくれると期待するところから生じる偏り。他のいかなる科学においても、観察者がこれほど深く対象の一部であることはない、ゆえに物理学には要らない用心が要る、と彼は説く。彼の著作のなかでもっとも古びていないものの一つだ。まさに、彼の進化の体系に依存していないからである。
これは編集上の背景であり、引用できる典拠ではありません。作品本文の一節とは異なり、これらの記述はコーパスで検証できません。
They suppose nothing more is required than to subscribe money for relieving it. On the one hand, they never trace the reactive effects which charitable donations work on bank accounts, on the surplus-capital bankers have to lend, on the productive activity which the capital now abstracted would have set up, on the number of labourers who would have re ceived wages and who now go without wrages — they do not perceive that certain necessaries of life have been withheld from one man who would have exchanged useful work for them, and given to another who perhaps persistently evades working. Nor, on the other hand, do they look beyond the immediate mitigation of misery. They deliberately shut their eyes to the fact that as fast as they increase the provision for those who live without labour, so fast do they increase the number of those who live without labour ; and that with an ever-increasing distribution of alms, there comes an ever-in creasing outcry for more alms. Similarly throughout all their political thinking. Proximate causes and proximate results are alone contemplated. There is scarcely any consciousness that the original causes are often numerous and widely differ ent from the apparent cause ; and that beyond each immedi ate result there will be multitudinous remote results, most of them quite incalculable. Minds in which the conceptions of social actions are thus rudimentary, are also minds ready to harbour wild hopes of benefits to be achieved by administrative agencies. In each such mind there seems to be the unexpressed postulate that every evil in a society admits of cure ; and that the cure lies within the reach of law. " Why is not there a better inspec tion of the mercantile marine ? " asked a correspondent of the Times the other day : apparently forgetting that within the preceding twelve months the power he invoked had lost two of its own vessels, and barely saved a third.…