クラテュロス
- 言語:
- 英語
- 翻訳:
- Benjamin Jowett
- 状態:
- 完全な作品
- 著者性:
- 著者自身による
- テキストの状態:
- スキャンのノイズは検出されていません (全文に対する自動測定で、人の目では確認していません)
- 分量:
- 約 26,300 語 · 125 節
この作品を引用
- APAプラトン. (n.d.). Cratylus [クラテュロス] (Benjamin Jowett, Trans.). Digital reproduction: SigPhi. https://sigphiai.com/ja/works/plato/cratylus
- MLAプラトン. Cratylus [クラテュロス]. Translated by Benjamin Jowett. Digital reproduction, SigPhi, https://sigphiai.com/ja/works/plato/cratylus.
- Chicagoプラトン. Cratylus [クラテュロス]. Translated by Benjamin Jowett. Digital reproduction, SigPhi. https://sigphiai.com/ja/works/plato/cratylus.
収録版の書誌情報です。SigPhi はデジタル複製です。判明している刊行年・出版社・翻訳者を記載し、年が不明の場合は「n.d.」と示します。
何についての本か
事物の名は本性によって正しいのか、それとも取り決めによってか。対話は半分の長さを語源の詮索に費やし——その多くは荒唐無稽である——、そのうえで、言葉は我々に実在を教えないと結論する。
背景と歴史
現存する最も古い言語哲学の論考であり、大事なのは結論のほうである。物を知りたければ、名ではなく物を見よ。作られた語源は何世紀も文献学者を楽しませてきたが、プラトン自身もおそらく笑いながら書いていた。
これは編集上の背景であり、引用できる典拠ではありません。作品本文の一節とは異なり、これらの記述はコーパスで検証できません。
several names for a general, as, for example, Agis (leader) and Polemarchus (chief in war) and Eupolemus (good warrior); and others which denote a physician, as Iatrocles (famous healer) and Acesimbrotus (curer of mortals); and there are many others which might be cited, differing in their syllables and letters, but having the same meaning. Would you not say so? HERMOGENES: Yes. SOCRATES: The same names, then, ought to be assigned to those who follow in the course of nature? HERMOGENES: Yes. SOCRATES: And what of those who follow out of the course of nature, and are prodigies? for example, when a good and religious man has an irreligious son, he ought to bear the name not of his father, but of the class to which he belongs, just as in the case which was before supposed of a horse foaling a calf. HERMOGENES: Quite true. SOCRATES: Then the irreligious son of a religious father should be called irreligious? HERMOGENES: Certainly. SOCRATES: He should not be called Theophilus (beloved of God) or Mnesitheus (mindful of God), or any of these names: if names are correctly given, his should have an opposite meaning. HERMOGENES: Certainly, Socrates. SOCRATES: Again, Hermogenes, there is Orestes (the man of the mountains) who appears to be rightly called; whether chance gave the name, or perhaps some poet who meant to express the brutality and fierceness and mountain wildness of his hero’s nature. HERMOGENES: That is very likely, Socrates. SOCRATES: And his father’s name is also according to nature. HERMOGENES: Clearly.