心理学原理 (I)
- 言語:
- 英語
- 状態:
- 完全な作品
- 著者性:
- 著者自身による
- テキストの状態:
- スキャンのノイズは検出されていません (全文に対する自動測定で、人の目では確認していません)
- 分量:
- 約 290,000 語 · 1,401 節
この作品を引用
- APAウィリアム・ジェームズ. (n.d.). The Principles of Psychology, Volume 1 (of 2) [心理学原理 (I)]. Digital reproduction: SigPhi. https://sigphiai.com/ja/works/william-james/the-principles-of-psychology-volume-1-of-2
- MLAウィリアム・ジェームズ. The Principles of Psychology, Volume 1 (of 2) [心理学原理 (I)]. Digital reproduction, SigPhi, https://sigphiai.com/ja/works/william-james/the-principles-of-psychology-volume-1-of-2.
- Chicagoウィリアム・ジェームズ. The Principles of Psychology, Volume 1 (of 2) [心理学原理 (I)]. Digital reproduction, SigPhi. https://sigphiai.com/ja/works/william-james/the-principles-of-psychology-volume-1-of-2.
収録版の書誌情報です。SigPhi はデジタル複製です。判明している刊行年・出版社・翻訳者を記載し、年が不明の場合は「n.d.」と示します。
何についての本か
第一巻。習慣、思考の流れ、自己意識、記憶、注意を扱う。
背景と歴史
「意識の流れ」という名の出どころとなった章がここにある。ジェームズは、心的生活は個々の観念が連結してできているのではなく、二度と同じものが戻ってこない連続した流れであると論じた。この言い回しは心理学を離れ、二十世紀の小説へと行き着いた。十二年の仕事のすえ、一八九〇年に刊行された。
これは編集上の背景であり、引用できる典拠ではありません。作品本文の一節とは異なり、これらの記述はコーパスで検証できません。
in the frog's spinal cord until he has shown that the useful result which the nervous machinery brings forth under a given irritation _remains the same when the machinery is altered_. If, to take the stock instance, the right knee of a headless frog be irritated with acid, the right foot will wipe it off. When, however, this foot is amputated, the animal will often raise the _left_ foot to the spot and wipe the offending material away. Pflüger and Lewes reason from such facts in the following way: If the first reaction were the result of mere machinery, they say; if that irritated portion of the skin discharged the right leg as a trigger discharges its own barrel of a shot-gun; then amputating the right foot would indeed frustrate the wiping, but would not make the _left_ leg move. It would simply result in the right stump moving through the empty air (which is in fact the phenomenon sometimes observed). The right trigger makes no effort to discharge the left barrel if the right one be unloaded; nor does an electrical machine ever get restless because it can only emit sparks, and not hem pillow-cases like a sewing-machine. If, on the contrary, the right leg originally moved for the _purpose_ of wiping the acid, then nothing is more natural than that, when the easiest means of effecting that purpose prove fruitless, other means should be tried. Every failure must keep the animal in a state of disappointment which will lead to all sorts of new trials and devices; and tranquillity will not ensue till one of these, by a happy stroke, achieves the wished-for end. In a similar way Goltz ascribes intelligence to the frog's optic lobes and cerebellum. We alluded above to the manner in which a sound frog imprisoned in water will discover an outlet to the atmosphere. Goltz found that frogs deprived of their cerebral hemispheres would often exhibit a like ingenuity.…