Fondements de la métaphysique des mœurs
- Langue:
- anglais
- État:
- Œuvre complète
- Paternité:
- Écrite par l'auteur
- État du texte:
- Texte propre
- Étendue:
- ~37 100 mots · 176 passages
Citer cette œuvre
- APAEmmanuel Kant. (n.d.). Fondements de la métaphysique des mœurs. SigPhi. https://sigphiai.com/fr/works/immanuel-kant/groundwork-of-the-metaphysics-of-morals
- MLAEmmanuel Kant. "Fondements de la métaphysique des mœurs." SigPhi, https://sigphiai.com/fr/works/immanuel-kant/groundwork-of-the-metaphysics-of-morals.
- ChicagoEmmanuel Kant. Fondements de la métaphysique des mœurs. SigPhi. https://sigphiai.com/fr/works/immanuel-kant/groundwork-of-the-metaphysics-of-morals.
De quoi il s'agit
La recherche du principe suprême de la morale, et la trouvaille : agis seulement d'après une maxime que tu puisses vouloir en même temps comme loi universelle — et traite l'humanité toujours comme une fin, jamais simplement comme un moyen.
Contexte et histoire
Publiée en 1785 comme brève préparation d'une œuvre plus vaste qui devint la 'Critique de la raison pratique'. En une centaine de pages tient l'idée morale la plus influente de la modernité : que la dignité humaine n'a ni prix ni équivalent, et que la loi morale ne vient ni de Dieu ni du bonheur, mais de la raison qui se la donne à elle-même. C'est encore le texte par lequel commence presque tout cours d'éthique, et son empreinte va des déclarations des droits de l'homme aux comités de bioéthique.
Contexte éditorial, non une source citable : contrairement aux passages de l'œuvre, ces données ne peuvent pas être vérifiées dans le corpus.
Ancient Greek philosophy was divided into three sciences: Physics, Ethics, and Logic. This division is perfectly suitable to the nature of the thing; and the only improvement that can be made in it is to add the principle on which it is based, so that we may both satisfy ourselves of its completeness, and also be able to determine correctly the necessary subdivisions. All rational knowledge is either material or formal: the former considers some object, the latter is concerned only with the form of the understanding and of the reason itself, and with the universal laws of thought in general without distinction of its objects. Formal philosophy is called Logic. Material philosophy, however, has to do with determinate objects and the laws to which they are subject, is again twofold; for these laws are either laws of nature or of freedom. The science of the former is Physics, that of the latter, Ethics; they are also called natural philosophy and moral philosophy respectively. Logic cannot have any empirical part; that is, a part in which the universal and necessary laws of thought should rest on grounds taken from experience; otherwise it would not be logic, i.e., a canon for the understanding or the reason, valid for all thought, and capable of demonstration. Natural and moral philosophy, on the contrary, can each have their empirical part, since the former has to determine the laws of nature as an object of experience; the latter the laws of the human will, so far as it is affected by nature: the former, however, being laws according to which everything does happen; the latter, laws according to which everything ought to happen. Ethics, however, must also consider the conditions under which what ought to happen frequently does not. We may call all philosophy empirical, so far as it is based on grounds of experience: on the other hand, that which delivers its doctrines from à priori principles alone we may call pure philosophy.…