倫理学
- 言語:
- 英語
- 状態:
- 完全な作品
- 著者性:
- 著者自身による
- テキストの状態:
- スキャンのノイズは検出されていません (全文に対する自動測定で、人の目では確認していません)
- 分量:
- 約 89,100 語 · 423 節
この作品を引用
- APAバールーフ・デ・スピノザ. (n.d.). Ethics [倫理学]. Digital reproduction: SigPhi. https://sigphiai.com/ja/works/baruch-spinoza/ethics
- MLAバールーフ・デ・スピノザ. Ethics [倫理学]. Digital reproduction, SigPhi, https://sigphiai.com/ja/works/baruch-spinoza/ethics.
- Chicagoバールーフ・デ・スピノザ. Ethics [倫理学]. Digital reproduction, SigPhi. https://sigphiai.com/ja/works/baruch-spinoza/ethics.
SigPhi が再現している版の参照です。SigPhi はそのデジタル再現であり、出版者ではありません。版の刊行年はメタデータにないため「n.d.」とし、訳者は記録がある場合のみ記します。
何についての本か
神、精神、感情、自由——完全な体系を幾何学のように論証する。定義、公理、定理が積み重なり、「自由とは必然を理解することである」という思想へ至る。
背景と歴史
スピノザは1675年ごろ『エチカ』を完成させたが、生前の出版は断念した。「神即自然」——神と自然は同一のものである——のスキャンダルは、彼を葬り去っていただろう。書は1677年、死の数か月後に『遺稿集』の一部として世に出て、ほとんど即座に禁書となった。著者はハーグでレンズを磨いて暮らした人であり、二十三歳でアムステルダムのユダヤ人共同体から破門されていた。その破門状の苛烈さは、ついに取り消されることがなかった。一世紀のあいだ「スピノザ主義者」は罵倒の言葉だった。のちにドイツ観念論をはじめ多くの者にとって、あらゆる哲学が己を測るべき山となった。
これは編集上の背景であり、引用できる典拠ではありません。作品本文の一節とは異なり、これらの記述はコーパスで検証できません。
as they think, bring it about, that those things which we have said follow from his nature--that is, which are in his power, should not come to pass, or should not be produced by him. But this is the same as if they said, that God could bring it about, that it should follow from the nature of a triangle that its three interior angles should not be equal to two right angles; or that from a given cause no effect should follow, which is absurd. Moreover, I will show below, without the aid of this proposition, that neither intellect nor will appertain to God's nature. I know that there are many who think that they can show, that supreme intellect and free will do appertain to God's nature; for they say they know of nothing more perfect, which they can attribute to God, than that which is the highest perfection in ourselves. Further, although they conceive God as actually supremely intelligent, they yet do not believe that he can bring into existence everything which he actually understands, for they think that they would thus destroy God's power. If, they contend, God had created everything which is in his intellect, he would not be able to create anything more, and this, they think, would clash with God's omnipotence; therefore, they prefer to asset that God is indifferent to all things, and that he creates nothing except that which he has decided, by some absolute exercise of will, to create. However, I think I have shown sufficiently clearly (by Prop. xvi.), that from God's supreme power, or infinite nature, an infinite number of things--that is, all things have necessarily flowed forth in an infinite number of ways, or always flow from the same necessity; in the same way as from the nature of a triangle it follows from eternity and for eternity, that its three interior angles are equal to two right angles.…