リヴァイアサン
- 言語:
- 英語
- 状態:
- 完全な作品
- 著者性:
- 著者自身による
- テキストの状態:
- スキャンのノイズは検出されていません (全文に対する自動測定で、人の目では確認していません)
- 分量:
- 約 220,000 語 · 1,032 節
この作品を引用
- APAトマス・ホッブズ. (n.d.). Leviathan [リヴァイアサン]. Digital reproduction: SigPhi. https://sigphiai.com/ja/works/thomas-hobbes/leviathan
- MLAトマス・ホッブズ. Leviathan [リヴァイアサン]. Digital reproduction, SigPhi, https://sigphiai.com/ja/works/thomas-hobbes/leviathan.
- Chicagoトマス・ホッブズ. Leviathan [リヴァイアサン]. Digital reproduction, SigPhi. https://sigphiai.com/ja/works/thomas-hobbes/leviathan.
収録版の書誌情報です。SigPhi はデジタル複製です。判明している刊行年・出版社・翻訳者を記載し、年が不明の場合は「n.d.」と示します。
何についての本か
なぜ国家がなければならないのか。人々を畏怖させる共通権力がなければ、人間の生は万人の万人に対する戦争である——出口はただひとつ、力を主権者に譲り渡して平和を保障させる信約である。
背景と歴史
1651年ロンドンで出版。国王を断頭台に送り、国土を疲弊させたイングランド内戦の直後だった。ホッブズはパリ亡命中にこれを書き、当時は後のチャールズ2世に数学を教えていた。この書は稀有な偉業を成し遂げた——全員を同時に怒らせたのである。共和派はその絶対主義に、王党派は主権を神ではなく信約に基づけたことに、教会はその唯物論に。近代政治哲学はこの書から始まる。ロックからロールズに至る後代の伝統は、大部分がこれへの応答である。
これは編集上の背景であり、引用できる典拠ではありません。作品本文の一節とは異なり、これらの記述はコーパスで検証できません。
whereunto, those persons, that for the most part can give no other proof of being wise, take great delight to shew what they think they have read in men, by uncharitable censures of one another behind their backs. But there is another saying not of late understood, by which they might learn truly to read one another, if they would take the pains; and that is, Nosce Teipsum, Read Thy Self: which was not meant, as it is now used, to countenance, either the barbarous state of men in power, towards their inferiors; or to encourage men of low degree, to a sawcie behaviour towards their betters; But to teach us, that for the similitude of the thoughts, and Passions of one man, to the thoughts, and Passions of another, whosoever looketh into himselfe, and considereth what he doth, when he does Think, Opine, Reason, Hope, Feare, &c, and upon what grounds; he shall thereby read and know, what are the thoughts, and Passions of all other men, upon the like occasions. I say the similitude of Passions, which are the same in all men, Desire, Feare, Hope, &c; not the similitude or The Objects of the Passions, which are the things Desired, Feared, Hoped, &c: for these the constitution individuall, and particular education do so vary, and they are so easie to be kept from our knowledge, that the characters of mans heart, blotted and confounded as they are, with dissembling, lying, counterfeiting, and erroneous doctrines, are legible onely to him that searcheth hearts. And though by mens actions wee do discover their designee sometimes; yet to do it without comparing them with our own, and distinguishing all circumstances, by which the case may come to be altered, is to decypher without a key, and be for the most part deceived, by too much trust, or by too much diffidence; as he that reads, is himselfe a good or evill man. But let one man read another by his actions never so perfectly, it serves him onely with his acquaintance, which are but few.…